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    • Stimulus Class Formation in Humans and Animals

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 117
      • October 24, 1996
      • T.R. Zentall + 1 more
      • English
      • Hardback
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      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      Stimulus class formation has been studied independently by two groups of researchers. One group has come out of a learning theory approach, while the second has developed out of a behavior analytic tradition. The purpose of the present volume is to further establish the ties between these two research areas while allowing for differences in approach to the questions asked. The book is loosely organized around four themes. The first two sections deal with what constitutes functional and equivalence classes in animals and humans. In the third section, the authors attempt to identify stimulus control variables that contribute to the formation of equivalences classes. The last section deals with the complex issue of the role of verbal behavior in equivalence classes. The goal of the book is to provide the reader with a better understanding of the current state of research and theory in stimulus class formation. It is also hoped that it will stimulate research into how and under what conditions, stimulus classes can form.

    • Alternative Loop Rings

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 184
      • October 24, 1996
      • E.G. Goodaire + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      For the past ten years, alternative loop rings have intrigued mathematicians from a wide cross-section of modern algebra. As a consequence, the theory of alternative loop rings has grown tremendously.One of the main developments is the complete characterization of loops which have an alternative but not associative, loop ring. Furthermore, there is a very close relationship between the algebraic structures of loop rings and of group rings over 2-groups.Another major topic of research is the study of the unit loop of the integral loop ring. Here the interaction between loop rings and group rings is of immense interest.This is the first survey of the theory of alternative loop rings and related issues. Due to the strong interaction between loop rings and certain group rings, many results on group rings have been included, some of which are published for the first time. The authors often provide a new viewpoint and novel, elementary proofs in cases where results are already known.The authors assume only that the reader is familiar with basic ring-theoretic and group-theoretic concepts. They present a work which is very much self-contained. It is thus a valuable reference to the student as well as the research mathematician. An extensive bibliography of references which are either directly relevant to the text or which offer supplementary material of interest, are also included.

    • Visual Attention and Cognition

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 116
      • September 23, 1996
      • W.H. Zangemeister + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      The goal of this book is to put together some of the main interdisciplinary aspects that play a role in visual attention and cognition. The book is aimed at researchers and students with interdisciplinary interest. In the first chapter a general discussion of the influential scanpath theory and its implications for human and robot vision is presented. Subsequently, four characteristic aspects of the general theme are dealt with in topical chapters, each of which presents some of the different viewpoints of the various disciplines involved. They cover neuropsychology, clinical neuroscience, modeling, and applications. Each of the chapters opens with a synopsis tying together the individual contributions.

    • Transport Processes in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Organisms

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 2
      • September 11, 1996
      • W.N. Konings + 2 more
      • English
      • eBook
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      In recent years it has become evident that transport processes across membranes play a crucial role in many metabolic systems. The activities of these transport processes often determine the physiology of the organisms.This book presents a state of the art review on the analysis of a wide variety of transport systems from bacteria and eukaryotic cells. A selection has been made of those systems that have been studied at the molecular level with special emphasis paid to the energetic and other biophysical properties. The different classes of transport systems are presented in the following: primary transport, secondary transport, phosphotransferase systems, channels and porines and macromolecular transport. Within each class of transporters several systems are presented by the leading experts in the field, which has resulted in a very broad overview of transport processes in biological cells. In this way the differences in the mechanisms used for translocation become evident while on the other hand features common to the different transport systems are revealed.

    • Topological Algorithms for Digital Image Processing

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 19
      • July 17, 1996
      • T.Y. Kong + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 4 2 3 5 9
      • eBook
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      Basic topological algorithms are the subject of this new book. It presents their underlying theory and discusses their applications.Due to the wide variety of topics treated in the seven chapters, no attempt has been made to standardize the notation and terminology used by the authors. Each chapter, however, is self-contained and can be read independently of the others. Some of the basic terminology and fundamental concepts of digital topology are reviewed in the appendix which also describes important areas of the field. A bibliography of over 360 references is also provided.The notations and terminologies used in this book will serve to introduce readers to the even wider variety that exists in the voluminous literature dealing with topological algorithms.

    • Porous Silicon: Material, Technology and Devices

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 57
      • July 8, 1996
      • H. Münder + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      These proceedings represent the most recent progress in the field of porous silicon. Several papers present results in which the influence of the formation parameters on the structural and optical properties has been investigated. Further topics dealt with include: the influence of light during the formation process on the photoluminescence behaviour; fundamental mechanism of the photoluminescence; the electroluminescence of porous silicon; applications based on porous silicon; charge carrier transport.

    • Foundations of Quantum Physics II (1933-1958)

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 7
      • June 14, 1996
      • J. Kalckar
      • English
      • Hardback
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      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      Volume 7 is a direct continuation of Volume 6, which documented the birth of the complementarity argument and its earliest elaborations. It covers the extension and refinement of the complementarity argument from 1933 until Bohrs' death in 1962. All Bohr's publications on the subject, together with selected manuscripts and extracts of his correspondence with friends and fellow pioneers such as Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli, are included.Divided into two, largely independent parts, the volume begins with Bohr's contributions to "Relativistic Quantum Theory". Together with Léon Rosenfeld, Bohr undertook a thorough investigation of the measuring problem in quantum electrodynamics and demonstrated the full accordance between the formalism and the result of idealized thought experiments.The articles in the second part, although also restricted in scope to the field of physics, address a broader audience. One of the most impressive treatises is Bohr's own account of his debates with Albert Einstein, over more than twenty years, on the consistency, the completeness and the epistemological consequences of quantum mechanics.Volumes 6 and 7 of the Collected Works are in turn related to the forthcoming Volume 10 which broadens the scope by presenting Bohr's applications of the complementarity argument beyond the domain of physics. Although each volume may be read independently, careful attention should be paid to the interrelationships between each volume in order to appreciate the subtlety of Bohr's continued elaboration and fine-tuning of his complementarity argument.

    • Handbook of Computational Economics

      • 1st Edition
      • June 13, 1996
      • H.M. Amman + 2 more
      • English
      • Hardback
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      • eBook
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      The aim of this volume is to provide an introduction and selective overview of the rapidly emerging field of computational economics. Computational economics provides an important set of tools that an increasing number of economists will need to acquire in order to understand and do state-of-the-art research in virtually all areas of economics. Articles in the volume range from very applied, policy oriented applications of computational methods, to highly theoretical and mathematically complex analyses of algorithms and numerical methods. The book emphasizes the unique contributions of computational methods in economics, and focuses on problems for which well developed solutions are not already available from the literature in operations research, numerical methods, and computer science. As well as covering relatively mature areas in the field, a number of chapters are included which cover more speculative "frontier topics", in particular recently discovered computational innovations and research results.For more information on the Handbooks in Economics series, please see our homepage on http://www.elsevier....

    • Progress in Optics

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 35
      • June 13, 1996
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • Hardback
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      • eBook
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      Volume XXXV contains six review articles.The first article is a discussion on transverse light patterns in non-linear media, lasers and wide aperture interferometers. The next article deals with the detection and spectroscopic studies of single molecules in transparent solids at low temperature. The isolated spectral line of a single molecule makes it possible to perform basic quantum measurements, and allows probing in unprecedented detail of the surrounding solid matrix. The article also includes some suggestions for future research in this field.The next article reviews interferometric techniques for retrieving multispectral images with a large number of spectral channels. Special attention is paid to the theory of interferometric multispectral imaging which unifies the theories of coherence based image retrieval and spectrum recovery. Various techniques are compared, especially in terms of signal-to-noise-rati...

    • Principles of Logic and Logic Programming

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 13
      • June 13, 1996
      • G. Metakides + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      Logic's basic elements are unfolded in this book. The relation of and the transition from Logic to Logic Programming are analysed.With the use and the development of computers in the beginning of the 1950's, it soon became clear that computers could be used, not only for arithmetical computation, but also for symbolic computation. Hence, the first arithmetical computation programs, and the first programs created to answer elementary questions and prove simple theorems, were written simultaneously. The basic steps towards a general method based on Logic, were accomplished in 1965 by Robinson and later by Kowalski and Colmerauer who made use of Logic directly as a Logic Programming language. Each chapter includes solved as well as unsolved exercises provided to help the reader assimilate the corresponding topics. The solved exercises demonstrate how to work methodically, whereas the unsolved exercises aim to stimulate the reader's personal initiative. The contents of the book are self-contained; only an elementary knowledge of analysis is required. Thus, it can be used by students in every academic year, as simply reading material, or in the context of a course. It can also be used by those who utilize Logic Programming without having any particular theoretical background knowledge of Logic, or by those simply interested in Logic and its applications in Logic Programming.

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