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Elsevier Science

Mechanics of Geomaterial Interfaces
1st Edition
Volume 42
A.P.S. Selvadurai + 1 more
English
The subject of geomaterial interfaces recognizes the important influences of the interface behaviour on the performance of interfaces involving cementaceous materials such as concrete and steel, ice-structure interfaces, concrete-rock interfaces and interfaces encountered in soil reinforcement. During the past two decades, the subject of geomaterial interfaces has attracted the concerted attention of scientists and engineers both in geomechanics and applied mechanics. These efforts have been largely due to the observation that the conventional idealizations of the behaviour of interfaces between materials by frictionless contact, bonded contact, Coulomb friction or finite friction tend to omit many interesting and important influences of special relevance to geomaterials. The significant manner in which non-linear effects, dilatancy, contact degradation, hardening and softening, etc., can influence the behaviour of the interface is borne out by experimental evidence. As a result, in many instances, the response of the interface can be the governing criterion in the performance of a geomechanics problem.The primary objective of this volume is to provide a documentation of recent advances in the area of geomaterial interfaces. The volume consists of subject groupings which cover ice-structure, soil-structure and steel-concrete interfaces, mechanics of rock and concrete joints and interfaces in discrete systems.
Solar Energy Conversion
The Solar Cell
2nd Edition
R.C. Neville
English
A large number of solar cell and solar cell systems are described in this volume. The theory of their operation, their design and the levels of their performance is discussed. Originally the book appeared in 1978 but extensive change over the intervening years in the fields of energy generation and consumption, solar energy and solar cells, has necessitated the publication of an updated version.The text initially surveys the requirements of humanity, the subsequent need for solar cells, the nature of sunlight and the properties of semiconductors. Concrete examples, extensive references and theoretical arguments are then used to present a comparison of options available in the design and operation of solar cells and solar cell systems. The cells - constructed from single, crystal, polycrystalline and amorphous semiconductors - and the systems - have varying designs and differing levels of solar energy for input and produce electricity or electrical and thermal energies. Solar cell production, economics and environmental effects are considered throughout the publication.
Bioactive Natural Products (Part E)
V15
1st Edition
Volume 15
Atta-ur Rahman
English
Modern Density Functional Theory: A Tool For Chemistry
1st Edition
Volume 2
P. Politzer + 1 more
English
Density Functional Theory (DFT) is currently receiving a great deal of attention as chemists come to realize its important role as a tool for chemistry. This book covers the theoretical principles of DFT, and details its application to several contemporary problems. All current techniques are covered, many are critically assessed, and some proposals for the future are reviewed. The book demonstrates that DFT is a practical solution to the problems standard ab initio methods have with chemical accuracy.The book is aimed at both the theoretical chemist and the experimentalist who want to relate their experiments to the governing theory. It will prove a useful and enduring reference work.
Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry. Personal Recollections. IV
1st Edition
Volume 38
G. Semenza + 2 more
English
The editors invited selected authors who had participated in or observed developments in biochemistry and molecular biology, particularly in the second half of this century, to record their personal recollections of the times and circumstances in which they worked. Having been given free reign, both content and style of the contruibutions reflect the flavour of the personality of the author.The book reflects the explosive development of biochemistry and molecular biology and related sciences that had led to the almost unique situation of these fields coming of age at a time when their founding fathers, or their scientific children, were alive and well.The contributions in this volume encompass a wide variety of experiences in many different countries and in very different fields of biochemistry.
Membrane Separations Technology
Principles and Applications
1st Edition
Volume 2
R.D. Noble + 1 more
English
The field of membrane separation technology is presently in a state of rapid growth and innovation. Many different membrane separation processes have been developed during the past half century and new processes are constantly emerging from academic, industrial, and governmental laboratories. While new membrane separation processes are being conceived with remarkable frequency, existing processes are also being constantly improved in order to enhance their economic competitiveness. Significant improvements are currently being made in many aspects of membrane separation technology: in the development of new membrane materials with higher selectivity and/or permeability, in the fabrication methods for high-flux asymmetric or composite membranes, in membrane module construction and in process design. Membrane separation technology is presently being used in an impressive variety of applications and has generated businesses totalling over one billion U.S. dollars annually.The main objective of this book is to present the principles and applications of a variety of membrane separation processes from the unique perspectives of investigators who have made important contributions to their fields. Another objective is to provide the reader with an authoritative resource on various aspects of this rapidly growing technology. The text can be used by someone who wishes to learn about a general area of application as well as by the knowledgeable person seeking more detailed information.
Retention and Selectivity in Liquid Chromatography
Prediction, Standardisation and Phase Comparisons
1st Edition
Volume 57
R.M. Smith
English
This book brings together a number of studies which examine the ways in which the retention and selectivity of separations in high-performance liquid chromatography are dependent on the chemical structure of the analytes and the properties of the stationary and mobile phases. Although previous authors have described the optimisation of separations by alteration of the mobile phase, little emphasis has previously been reported of the influence of the structure and properties of the analyte.The initial chapters describe methods based on retention index group increments and log P increments for the prediction of the retention of analytes and the ways in which these factors are influenced by mobile phases and intramolecular interactions. The values of a wide range of group increments in different eluents are tabulated.Different scales of retention indices in liquid chromatography are described for the comparison of separations, the identification of analytes and the comparison of stationary phases. Applications of these methods in the pharmaceutical, toxicology, forensic, metabolism, environmental, food and other fields are reviewed. The effects of different mobile phases on the selectivity of the retention indices are reported. A compilation of sources of reported retention index values are given.Methods for the comparison of stationary phases based on the interactions of different analytes are covered, including lipophilic and polar indices, shape selectivity comparisons, their application to novel stationary phases, and chemometric methods for column comparisons.
Science of Ceramic Interfaces II
1st Edition
Volume 81
J. Nowotny
English
This collection of papers arose from the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Interfaces of Ceramic Materials held in Australia, 1993 and is a continuation of the previous book published under the same title. The objective of the Workshop was to discuss research progress on the chemistry of ceramic interfaces and related industrial aspects. Due to the multidisciplinary character of ceramic interfaces the book contains articles covering several areas of expertise, including ceramics, surface science, solid state electrochemistry, metallurgy and high temperature chemistry. Some technical papers are also included in this volume.Scientists and engineers working in these areas, as well as students in materials science and engineering, will find this book of particular significance.
Advances in Organobromine Chemistry II
1st Edition
Volume 7
J.-R. Desmurs + 2 more
English
The organic molecules that are used, particularly in the areas of pharmacy and agrochemicals, are becoming more and more complex both in their chemical nature and spacial configuration. A complex molecular structure is inevitably fragile; it cannot be produced under severe conditions (in particular high pressure and temperature). In addition there is a problem of the scale-up of a product from the laboratory to the industrial scale. The control of the reactivity, selectivity, and yield and the use of sufficiently mild industrial conditions are all factors that must be taken into account by industrial chemists. Amongst the tools giving controllable reactivity, selectivity, and relatively mild reaction conditions is bromine. The organic chemistry of bromine sometimes gives surprising selectivities compared to those of chlorine.This volume which is based on Orgabrom '93, brings together the main contributions presented at this event.
Tracers in the Oil Field
1st Edition
Volume 43
B. Zemel
English
This book is concerned with the application of tracers to a wide variety of oil field operations. It provides the necessary nuclear concepts and techniques which are basic to oil field tracer applications. Laboratory and field techniques are explained and illustrated as are the associated regulatory and safety aspects. Within the book, each area of oil field use is considered separately and specific applications of tracers discussed and relevant literature reviewed. The use of non-radioactive tracers is pointed out wherever it is applicable.Due to the nature of this competitive industry, much research is poorly documented, thus Tracers in the Oil Field aims to make the technology more available to current users in the oil field.

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