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Elsevier

Books in Environmental sciences

The Environmental Sciences titles present critical research and insights into the complex interactions within natural ecosystems, climate systems, and human impacts on the environment. Covering areas such as biodiversity, sustainability, climate change, and resource management, these titles support scientific discovery and practical solutions for addressing today’s most pressing environmental challenges. This collection is essential for researchers, policymakers, and students dedicated to advancing environmental understanding and stewardship

  • Ecology and Change

    Rural Modernization in an African Community
    • 1st Edition
    • C. Gregory Knight
    • English
    Ecology and Change: Rural Modernization in an African Community focuses on the geographical study of agricultural practices and agricultural change on the society of the Nhiha of Mbozi Area in southwestern Tanzania, East Africa. The book presents the people; the models of the environment; traditional and evolved agricultural systems operating within a man-modified landscape; population and economic growth; and sources of change of Mbozi. The applications of the four models of change and the implications of those changes to the society of Mbozi are elucidated as well. Sociologists, political scientists, economists, and political leaders will find the book insightful.

  • Natural Resources, Uncertainty, and General Equilibrium Systems

    Essays in Memory of Rafael Lusky
    • 1st Edition
    • Alan S. Blinder + 1 more
    • English
    Natural Resources, Uncertainty, and General Equilibrium Systems: Essays in Memory of Rafael Lusky compiles a collection of works by economists who had been friends and colleagues of Rafael Lusky, a teacher in the University of Florida and contributor to theoretical resource economics. This book is divided into four sections— natural resources, uncertainty, general equilibrium systems, and policy and applications. In these sections, this text specifically discusses the resource depletion with technological uncertainty and the Rawlsian fairness principle; monopoly, uncertainty, and exploration; and price discrimination under uncertainty. The insurance theoretic aspects of workers' compensation; adverse selection and optimum insurance policies; and difficulty with Keynesian models of aggregate demand are also elaborated. This compilation likewise deliberates the exchange model of bilateral trade; optimal taxes on foreign lending; and extended linear permanent expenditure system (ELPES). This publication is a useful reference for economists and students concerned with theoretical resource economics.

  • Antarctica

    • 1st Edition
    • N. Bonner + 1 more
    • English
    Antarctica, a vast land remote from the other continents and still the least known of them all, provides a unique international laboratory for science. Despite the costs, a growing number of countries are supporting basic scientific research on the continent and in its surrounding seas. Our knowledge of life in this extreme environment, although limited, suggests that it is a key environment for many areas of science. Potential economic developments for food and minerals as well as increasing political complications might jeopardise the present scientific accord in the future. Now is the time to take stock: what do we know about Antarctic ecology? What are the threats and how can they be met? In this volume Antarctic scientists from six countries write about the Antarctic ecosystem.

  • Underwater Welding Soudage sous l'Eau

    Proceedings of the International Conference Held at Trondheim, Norway, 27-28 June 1983, under the Auspices of the International Institute of Welding
    • 1st Edition
    • H. Granjon
    • English
    Underwater Welding contains the proceedings of the International Conference held at Trondheim, Norway on June 27-28, 1983 under the auspices of the International Institute of Welding. The book separates the papers of the conference into Portevin Lecture, General Survey, and another four sections. The Portevin Lecture part explains welding under water and in the splash zone; while the General Survey part talks about the technologies, practices, and metallurgy of underwater welding. The four sections detail the wet and dry welding; inspection and performance; physical, metallurgical, and mechanical problems; as well as repair and other application of the process.

  • Estuarine Interactions

    • 1st Edition
    • Martin L. Wiley
    • English
    Estuarine Interactions is a compilation of papers presented at the Fourth International Estuarine Research Federation Conference, held at the Mount Airy Lodge, Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania in October 1977. The compendium consists of scientific investigations on the structure and functioning of estuaries and adjacent environments. This volume includes the written form of the invited papers that were part of eight sessions. Papers presented deal with topics on estuarine management needs, impacts of coastal engineered systems, and productivity and initial photosynthate dispersion in the ecosystem. Natural catastrophic events in the estuarine environment, the impact of possible climatic changes on estuarine ecosystems, and pollutant cycling and water quality are likewise discussed. Estuarine scientists will find the book invaluable.

  • Lakes of New York State

    Ecology of the Finger Lakes
    • 1st Edition
    • Jay A. Bloomfield
    • English
    Lakes of New York State, Volume I: Ecology of the Finger Lakes describes the state of Finger Lakes, which is a group of eleven elongated bodies of water of glacial origin in the west-central portion of New York, and its respective watershed. This book assesses the structure of the Finger Lakes’ plant and animal communities and how these communities interact with the abiotic components of the environment. The condition of the lakes from the standpoint of fish population dynamics are also analyzed, including an examination of the various physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the lakes' ecosystem. This text ranks the Finger Lakes into a unilateral trophic list by tabulating their trophic information according to three commonly used indicator measurements— average summer Secchi disc depth, average summer chlorophyll a concentration, and average winter total phosphorus level. This publication is valuable to limnologists and ecologists working on temperate zone freshwater lakes.

  • Red Sea

    • 1st Edition
    • Alasdair J. Edwards
    • English
    The Red Sea is a unique and fragile environment. All but landlocked between Africa and Arabia, its peculiar oceanographic conditions, its geographical position and its geological history all conspire to make it particularly vulnerable to the side-effects of human civilization. In places, it is already a key environment under threat. What makes the Red Sea unique? What are the threats to this environment? Where should future research be directed? These are just three of the major questions addressed by the scientists contributing to this book.

  • Key Environments: Malaysia

    • 1st Edition
    • Earl of Cranbrook
    • English
    Of the vast area of structurally similar vegetation that forms the Far Eastern tropical rain forest block, only the forests of peninsular Malaysia lie on the mainland of Asia. Although showing some influence from this source, the flora and fauna are distinctive and exceedingly rich in species. Among other factors, this richness reflects the complex structure of the vegetation, justly famous for the extensive stands of tall trees that create the conditions to which many smaller plants, fungi and a huge variety of animals are adapted. After a century of scientific investigation, it is now possible to understand peninsular Malaysia's complex ecosystem as an essential prerequisite to the successful management for conservation and long-term productivity in the area. Compiled by authors with personal experience of the region, this book constitutes the most authoritative account of this diverse and fragile region. It is essential reading for all those interested in Malaysia and its conservation.

  • Visualization in Modern Cartography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • A.M. MacEachren + 1 more
    • English
    Visualization in Modern Cartography explores links between the centuries-old discipline of cartography and today's revolutionary developments in scientific visualization. The book has three main goals: (1) to pass on design and symbolization expertise to the scientific visualization community - information that comes from centuries of pre-computer visualization by cartographers, and their more recent experiences with computerizing the discipline; (2) to help cartographers cope with the dramatic shift from print cartography to a dynamic virtual cartography for which their role is changing from that of map designer to one of spatial information display (and/or interface) designer; (3) to illustrate the expanded role for cartography in geographic, environmental, planning, and earth science applications that comes with the development of interactive geographic visualization tools. To achieve these goals, the book is divided into three parts. The first sets the historical, cognitive, and technological context for geographic/cartograp... visualization tool development. The second covers key technological, symbolization, and user interface issues. The third provides a detailed look at selected prototype geographic/cartograp... visualization tools and their applications.

  • Ground Water Problems

    Proceedings of the International Symposium Held in Stockholm
    • 1st Edition
    • E. Eriksson + 2 more
    • English
    Ground Water Problems, Volume 11 presents the proceedings of the International Symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden in October 1966. The book covers the influence of topography on ground water formation; the ground water in Precambrian rocks in Southern Sweden; and the ground water conditions in the sedimentary rocks of Scania. The text also includes papers on the short-time variation of the ground water; some hydrogeological aspects on aquifers, especially Eskers; and the chemistry of ground waters. The tracers for ground water investigations; the protected areas for ground water sources; and the ground water production from the bedrock of Sweden are also encompassed. The book further tackles the ground water draft from earth layers; artificial replenishment of ground water; and the excursion to the Verka district.

  • Air Pollution by Nitrogen Oxides

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • L. Grant + 1 more
    • English
    Studies in Environmental Science, Volume 21: Air Pollution by Nitrogen Oxides presents the proceedings of the US–Dutch International Symposium on Nitrogen Oxide, held in Maastricht, The Netherlands on May 24–28, 1982. This book provides research and development information related to the national and international policies on nitrogen oxides in the United States, The Netherland, Japan, and elsewhere in Europe. Organized into five sessions encompassing 94 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the atmospheric cycle of nitrogen oxide in terms of source strength, destruction rates, and atmospheric chemistry. This text then examines the fundamental physical and chemical processes involved in the formation of nitrogen oxides. Other chapters consider the regional pulmonary deposition of nitrogen dioxide in man, guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits by using a general mathematical model formulation for the transport of gases in the lungs. This book discusses as well the emission control methods and systems with low nitrogen oxide capability for possible application in The Netherlands and other parts of Europe. This book is a valuable resource for government administrative officials, research scientists, air pollution control experts, and students.

  • Water Purification in the EEC

    A State-Of-The-Art Review
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Water Purification in the EEC: A State-of-the-Art Review discusses the results of a survey carried out under the terms of a one year contract (commencing November 1, 1974) awarded by the EEC Commission to the Water Research Center to study and report on the State of the Art of water purification in the nine EEC countries, including Belgium, Denmark, France, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Sweden. This text compares potable water treatment practice in the EEC countries, Sweden and the USA. Proposals are made for a Research and Development program appropriate to the Community for the middle and longer term needs. This book describes the processes employed in the water treatment reflects the emphasis placed on potable water treatment and on the use, particularly, of physic-chemical methods. It briefly deals with the water pollution control legislation and policies adopted in the countries studied. The information is obtained by surveying the literature and by visiting leading water treatment experts in the various countries. Water abstraction sources used in the countries featured in this book are tabulated overleaf in terms of present and predicted use for both groundwater and surface water. This book is of value to environmental scientists, engineers, and researchers.

  • Water Pollution Research and Control Brighton

    Proceedings of the Fourteenth Biennial Conference of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control, held in Brighton, U.K., 18–21 July, 1988
    • 1st Edition
    • L. Lijklema + 2 more
    • English

  • Persistent Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems

    • 1st Edition
    • Colin H. Walker + 1 more
    • English
    This new volume from the SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) Special Publications Series examines the phenomenon of persistent pollutants in the seas and oceans. Unlike the highly visible and obvious effects caused by oil, certain chemicals have unseen but long-term and far-reaching effects on the marine ecosystem. They often have long half-lives, are carried great distances and pass easily through the food chain from prey to predator. The behaviour and effects of these persistent pollutants on each type of marine animal (invertebrates, vertebrates, fish, mammals and fish-eating birds) are described. A final overview draws the observations and conclusions together presenting a work that provides a foundation for understanding the behaviour of persistent pollutants in the marine environment.

  • Genetic Interactions Among Microorganisms in the Natural Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • E.M.H. Wellington + 1 more
    • English
    This book gives an overview of gene transfer and stability in those aquatic and terrestrial environments where bacteria and fungi can survive and interact genetically. It examines the role played by sex between microbes in the evolution of populations and their survival. Special emphasis is placed on methodology, including the analysis by novel techniques of genetic material extracted directly from soils, rivers and lakes. The natural spread of antibiotic resistance and the safe use of genetically manipulated microbes are matters of considerable scientific, medical and public concern upon which the investigations presented here have direct bearing. This unique collection will be of value to specialist researchers in applied microbiology, ecology and biotechnology as well as biomedical scientists interested in the environmental risks of genetic engineering.

  • State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling

    Proceedings of the Conference on Ecological Modelling, Copenhagen, Denmark 28 August - 2 September 1978
    • 1st Edition
    • S. E. Jørgensen
    • English
    State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling covers the proceedings of the Conference on Ecological Modeling, held in Copenhagen, Denmark from August 28 to September 2, 1978. The book focuses on ecological modeling, particularly prey-predator models, lake and river models, toxic substances models, and holistic approaches to ecological modeling. The selection first discusses review presentations of ecological modeling, including river models, prey-predator models, application of graphical methods, and lake models. The application of microcosms in ecological modeling; water quality and irrigation in agriculture models; and distribution and effect of toxic substances models are also elaborated. The text then takes a look at the models of sea and coastal areas, atmospheric pollution, ecosystems in the lithosphere, and water management. The book surveys multi-species of planktons and nutrients model of lake eutrophication and modeling of vertical temperature distribution and its implication on biological processes in lakes. Topics include mathematical expression of multi-species of planktons and nutrients model in lake ecosystem; observation data on water quality and planktons; and models for vertical temperature distribution. The selection is a dependable reference for readers wanting to dig deeper into ecological modeling.

  • A Review of the Radiosensitivity of the Tissues in Bone

    A Report Prepared for Committees 1 and 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and Received by the Committees on April 3, 1967
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    A Review of the Radiosensitivity of the Tissues in Bone is a report prepared by the Task Group for the International Commission on Radiological Protection Committees 1 and 2. The book reviews a biological indicator of the maximum permissible radiation dose. Data shows that an induction of malignant change should be considered as the limiting factor in maximum permissible levels for the bone. The risk of carcinogenesis in cells is connected with the proliferative potential of the cells. These cells are on bone marrow surfaces, in hematopoietic marrow, and in certain epithelial cells close to bone surfaces. The text also reviews the changes in the patterns of distribution resulting from growth and remodeling of bone. The book examines the effect of distribution of alkaline earth, of plutonium, of thorium, of americium, and of phosphorus in bone growth. The book also evaluates the comparative tumorigenic effects of external and internal irradiation of bone and the factors to be considered in determining the dose limitation from bone-seeking radionuclides. This book can prove beneficial to researchers and practitioners in the fields of radiology, internal medicine, or oncology.

  • Radiation, Radioactivity, and Insects

    Prepared under the Direction of the American Institute of Biological Sciences for the Division of Technical Information, United States Atomic Energy Commission
    • 1st Edition
    • R. D. O'Brien + 1 more
    • Frank Fremont-Smith
    • English
    Radiation, Radioactivity, and Insects focuses on the role of radiation and radioactivity in promoting the understanding of insects, including biochemistry, embryonic development, irradiation, and metabolism. The book first underscores the importance and dominance of insects in the animal kingdom, classification of insects, physiology and biochemistry, and embryonic development. The manuscript then examines the nongenetic effects of radiation, tagging, and insect control by irradiation. Topics include sex and genome number, nutritional status, mechanism of radiation damage, distribution and feeding studies, direct control by irradiation, and radiation effects. The publication takes a look at biochemistry, physiology, and insects and light, as well as amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis, permeability of the central nervous system, digestion and absorption, and elemental turnover. The manuscript then ponders on organophosphorus insecticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and miscellaneous insecticides. The book is a dependable source of data for entomologists, biologists, and readers who are interested in the role of radiation in advancing the understanding of insects.

  • ACOPS Yearbook 1986-87

    Advisory Committee on Pollution of the Sea, London
    • 1st Edition
    • Advisory Committee on Advisory Committee on Pollutio
    • English
    An annual review of activities by governmental and non-governmental organizations concerning remedies for global pollution, together with scientific and technical reports containing surveys of pollution in the maritime environment.

  • Fundamentals

    • 2nd Edition
    • Frank H. Attix + 1 more
    • English
    Radiation Dosimetry, Second Edition, Volume I: Fundamentals describes the significant aspects and fundamentals of radiation dosimetry. This books deals with the concepts and units of dosimetry; special problems of energy deposition in the microscopic domain; interactions of x and y rays, charged particles, and neutrons with matter; mathematical theory of radiation fields; ionization; and cavity-chamber theory. Other topics discussed include the LET distributions, Compton and photoelectric effect, pair production by photons, dosimetry principles, and interactions of neutrons with tissue elements. The calculation of neutron dose in large objects; ionization in gases, liquids, and solids; and cavity dimensions comparable with the electron ranges are also deliberated. This publication likewise covers the measurement of absorbed dose and exposure and application of cavity theory to devices other than the ionization chamber. This volume is a valuable reference for radiation workers, but is also beneficial to students and researchers interested in radiation dosimetry.

  • Fish and River Pollution

    • 1st Edition
    • J. R. Erichsen Jones
    • English
    Fish and River Pollution deals with experimental and field research connected with the effects of pollution in fish, and the useful data gathered from these studies. After reviewing some experiments made on the effects of pollution on fish, the author discusses pollution by oxygen-reducing effluents such as sewage, milk washing, and other solutions that can be broken down by microorganisms, a process that uses up dissolved oxygen in the water. The experiments conducted by Shelford and Allee, which the author cites, studies the reactions of fish to different concentrations of atmospheric gases, particularly as fish detect low concentrations of oxygen more sensitively than man. The paper also discusses the time-effect relationship of a toxic substance to fish as immersion time, time needed for advancement, minimum time of exposure, and immersion time to fatality. The effect of thermal pollution such as that generated in thermal plants to produce electricity, though chemically toxic-free, can significantly change the temperature of the water where fish live. Such temperature change can affect water viscosity, rate of water oxygen absorption, development of sewage fungus, and changes in natural invertebrate fauna. This book can be appreciated by environmentalists, aquatic researchers, zoologists, and marine biologists.

  • Marine Mammals and the Exxon Valdez

    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas R. Loughlin
    • English
    The oil spill disaster that occurred when the Exxon Valdez ran aground has become part of the iconography of ecological disaster. This book synthesizes previously confidential data only recently released by the U.S. government. The data concerns the effects of this nightmarish spill on marine mammals, such as sea otters, harbor seals, killer whales, and humpback whales. Because many of the book's contributors were on site within 24 hours of this 11 million gallon catastrophe, the book is a unique longitudinal study of the demise of an ecosystem due to a single acute environmental perturbation.These certain-to-be-influe... results reported here should assist marine biologists, pathologists, toxicologists, environmentalists, engineers, and coastal planners in assessing the nature of this now legendary disaster.

  • Environmental Impacts of Coal Mining & Utilization

    A Complete Revision of Environmental Implications of Expanded Coal Utilization
    • 1st Edition
    • M.J. Chadwick + 2 more
    • English
    As coal is considered as a substitute for other fuels, more serious attention is being given to the environmental impacts of the whole coal fuel cycle: mining, transport, storage, combustion and conversion. This volume presents an up-to-date account of these environmental impacts and the recent developments to combat and control them. A feature of the book is the way in which it discusses not only the experience and developments in North America and Western Europe but also presents much information made available for this study on the developments in the socialist countries of Eastern Europe.

  • Disaster Preparedness and the United Nations

    Advance Planning for Disaster Relief
    • 1st Edition
    • Barbara J. Brown
    • English
    Disaster Preparedness and the United Nations: Advance Planning for Disaster Relief examines the roles and relationships of programs being implemented by the United Nations in the area of disaster relief and preparedness. The study focuses on the disaster preparedness activities of the United Nations; the programs designed to improve the preparedness posture of disaster-prone developing countries; and the programs designed to improve the disaster relief capabilities of the organizations. The book also provides a brief review of the relationship between disasters and development; a description of the international disaster relief system; and strategies for overcoming pitfalls in internal organizational arrangements. Researchers, international program administrators, and international studies students will find the book invaluable.

  • Microbial Aspects of Pollution

    • 1st Edition
    • Glyn Barry Sykes + 1 more
    • English
    Microbial Aspects of Pollution is the first of a new series that emerged from the annual Summer Conference of Society for Applied Bacteriology, focusing on microbiological subjects of general topical interest. The subject of the 1971 symposium ""Microbial Aspects of Pollution"" is particularly topical. Pollution is an environmental problem and almost invariably arises from the activities of man. Micro-organisms have their part to play, both advantageously and disadvantageously, and the 16 contributions, written by recognized experts in the field, range widely over the subject. They include considerations of the health hazards of pollution, embracing the consequences of sewage pollution of our water supplies and a most important topic to the laboratory worker—the safe disposal of infected material. A series of papers deals with water purification problems and the disposal of sewage and other wastes, and their effects on the waters of rivers and lakes. Special attention is given in this context to the disposal of industrial wastes. Other contributions deal with the disposal of the newer industrial products of the organic chemist, namely, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and plastic materials.

  • Municipal Solid Waste Recycling in Western Europe to 1996

    • 1st Edition
    • R. Reidy
    • English
    Please note this is a Short Discount publication.This market research Report provides essential information for all people involved in planning for waste disposal & recycling in the 1990's, including:★ Local authorities★ Waste Collection Equipment suppliers★ Consumers of recycled materials★ Engineering professionals★ Financial institutions considering this business★ Manufacturers of paper, glass & aluminiumIt presents market data and analysis for solid waste focusing on household/consumer waste, and provides information on the following key areas:★ The market for recycled waste by volume & value★ Demographic Data for West Europe★ Waste generation by type★ Separation & Recovery at source★ Quantity of non–hazardous solid waste generated each year until 1996★ Where it will be generatedPlus addressing current topical areas including:★ Current and forthcoming legislation★ Organisation of waste collection★ Central Waste Sorting★ Disposal Methods eg. Separation, Composting, Landfill, Incineration★ Recovery and recycling of specific materials including:Paper; Glass; Separated Fuel; Aluminium Cans; Plastic; Batteries; Other scrapped metals★ Acceptability of recycled materials★ Incentive schemes

  • Environmental Inorganic Chemistry

    Properties, Processes, and Estimation Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Itamar Bodek + 3 more
    • English
    The primary purpose is the compilation of information on environmentally important physiochemical properties of inorganic chemicals for use by environmental scientists and managers. This book, in a sense, is a companion document to the report previously prepared for environmentally important properties of organic chemicals, and which was subsequently published under the title: Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods (McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1982.) Like the "organics" handbook, this "inorganics" book describes available estimation methods for various properties. This information supports our primary objective, which is to assist environmental scientists and managers (many of whom may not have a detailed knowledge or understanding of inorganic environmental chemistry) in overcoming the common problem of property data gaps and developing timely responses to environmental problems. This "inorganics" book covers environmentally important properties, without regard to estimability, and presents not only generic discussion of these properties, but also a summary of environmentally important data for the most common elements and pollutants.

  • Alternative Uses for Sewage Sludge

    Proceedings of a Conference Organised by WRc Medmenham and Held at the University of York, UK on 5-7 September 1989
    • 1st Edition
    • J. E. Hall
    • English
    The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is an expensive and environmentally sensitive problem that is growing worldwide. Sludge production is increasing whilst previously accepted methods for disposal are coming under pressure or even being phased out altogether so there is now an urgency to find cost-effective and innovative solutions that appease environmental and public pressures. The purpose of the conference recorded in these proceedings was to review the range of alternative disposal/recycling options for sewage sludge. The alternative uses considered are in land reclamation, forestry, compost and soil production, landfill, incineration, and energy and resource recovery. The papers presented include recent research findings and technological developments, as well as operational implementation of schemes, showing that beneficial re-use of sludge can be entirely compatible with a cost-effective and environmentally sensitive approach to sludge disposal.

  • Advances in Water Pollution Research

    Proceedings of the Second International Conference Held in Tokyo, August 1964
    • 1st Edition
    • O. Jaag
    • English
    Advances in Water Pollution Research, Volume 1, documents the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Water Pollution Research held in Tokyo, August 1964. The past decade has seen a rapid increase in water pollution research activity in all parts of the world. The vast research activities in Japan and the impact of this activity on all of Southeast Asia led to the unanimous decision to hold the Second International Conference in Japan. This volume contains 16 papers that deal with topics such as the microbiological and virological aspects of water pollution; the impact of toxic substances on fish; research on heavy metal pollution; residual toxic effects of organic phosphorus insecticides in water; and mechanisms of uptake and release of radionuclides by stream sediments. Also included are the opening address by Conference President, Dr. Korokuro Hirose, Professor Emeritus of Tokyo University, and keynote address by A. Key of the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, London, England.

  • Environmental Policy and the Economy

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 206
    • F.J. Dietz + 2 more
    • English
    This volume focuses on issues of vital interest in environmental policy making. Knowledge is needed about the impacts of economic processes on the environment and vice versa; people's preferences regarding the environmental quality (including the availability of (non)renewable natural resources) must be known; and knowledge concerning the effectiveness and efficiency of the available policy instruments is essential. These issues are dealt with in various contributions on environmental-econom... modelling, valuation of the environment, the design of environmental policies and the economic consequences of environmental policy.

  • Diversity of Environmental Biogeochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • J. Berthelin
    • W.S. Fyfe
    • English
    Biogeochemistry, still in its formative stage twenty years ago, is now a young, interdisciplinary subfield of earth sciences, life sciences and chemistry. An international scientific association (International Symposia on Environmental Biogeochemistry incorporated - ISEB) was founded to organize international symposia to bring together microbiologists, biologists, chemists, geochemists, soil scientists, oceanographers, ecologists and environmental engineers interested in the biogeochemistry of terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric environments.After the 8th ISEB held in Nancy, France, this volume was compiled. These fifty selected contributions from specialists of varying backgrounds and interests show the diversity and the common framework of the direct or indirect interactions of living organisms and their abiotic environments.

  • Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment

    • 1st Edition
    • Samuel D. Faust + 1 more
    • English
    Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment discusses the application of adsorption in water purification. The book is comprised of 10 chapters that detail the carbon and resin adsorptive processes for potable water treatment. The text first covers the elements of surface chemistry and then proceeds to discussing adsorption models. Chapter 3 tackles the kinetics of adsorption, while Chapter 4 deals with batch systems and fixed fluid beds. Next, the book talks about the physical and chemical properties of carbon. The next two chapters discuss the adsorption of organic compounds and the removal of inorganic compounds, respectively. The eighth chapter presents operational, pilot plant, and case studies. Chapter 9 discusses the biological activated carbon treatment of drinking water, and Chapter 10 covers the adsorption of macroreticular resins. The book will be of great use to both researchers and professionals involved in the research and development of water treatment process.

  • Total Environmental Control

    The Economics of Cross-Media Pollution Transfers
    • 1st Edition
    • Julian Lowe + 2 more
    • English
    Total Environmental Control: The Economics of Cross-Media Pollution Transfers covers the theoretical basis of cross-media transfers of pollution. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 11 chapters that discuss the difference between cross-media transfers and trade-offs. It addresses the common thread of economic analysis. This book deals first with the definitions of voluntary solutions to cross-media problems and provides an introduction to sewage treatment and disposal. The next chapters are concerned with the basic oxygen furnace; description of electric arc furnace; conceptual and practical problems in the evaluation of environmental costs and benefits; and energy requirements for pollution control in specific industries. These topics are followed by discussions of the use of Delphi technique, the environmental energy requirements, and the status of the iron and steel manufacture. The last chapter is devoted to the case studies of fertilizer manufacturers and on the water pollution control. The book can provide useful information to environmentalists, scientists, students, and researchers.

  • Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • Harold F. Hemond + 1 more
    • English
    Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment focuses on the basic principles of chemical behavior in the environment. The publication first offers information on basic concepts and surface waters. Discussions focus on abiotic chemical transformations, chemical and biological characteristics of surface waters, physical transport in surface waters, basic environmental chemistry, mass balance and the control volume, and chemical mass and concentration. The text then elaborates on the subsurface environment and the atmosphere. Topics include atmospheric chemical reactions, transport of chemicals in the atmosphere, atmospheric stability, physical removal of chemicals from the atmosphere, physics of groundwater movement, and flow in the unsaturated zone. The book takes a look at retardation, biodegradation, and dimensions and units for environmental quantities. The publication is a dependable reference for students and researchers interested in the fundamental principles of chemical behavior in the environment.

  • Radiation Effects

    ESR and ENDOR Analysis
    • 1st Edition
    • Harold C. Box
    • English
    Radiation Effects: ESR and ENDOR Analysis presents an explanation of the biological effects of radiation. The book discusses the characteristics of the electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectra, such as radiation damage and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, g values, hyperfine couplings, and other special effects. The text also describes the radiation effects and damage mechanisms; as well as the free radicals produced in the primary oxidative process initiated by ionizing radiation, in the primary reductive process initiated by ionizing radiation, and via excitation effects. The classification of the mechanisms of radiation damage by various other secondary processes is also considered. The secondary processes include reactions of hydrogen atoms; reactions of hydroxyl radicals; electron or proton transfer; conformational changes; abstraction, transfer, migration, and exchange of hydrogen; radical addition reactions; and radical pair formation. Some examples of overall mechanisms, such as the overall radiation chemistry of carboxylic acids and the radiation chemistry of protein and nucleic acid constituents, are described. People involved in energy and cancer research will find the book invaluable.

  • The Effects of Weapons on Ecosystems

    Unep Studies
    • 1st Edition
    • J. P. Robinson
    • English
    The Effects of Weapons on Ecosystems is a five-chapter book that describes the destruction of environment and its various ecosystems by humans. The book also explains the harmful effects, both intended and unanticipated, of the production, testing, stockpiling, and use of weapons of mass destruction. Organized into five chapters, the book begins with a classification of weapons of mass destruction and ecosystems. Subsequent chapter reviews the ecosystemic effects of weapons from data of ecological surveys of actual weapon test-sites and theaters of war. The book will clarify some outstanding issues on effects of weapons on ecosystems to concerned individuals, stimulate follow-up studies to advance the cause of disarmament and the protection of the environment, and lead to further action on these issues.

  • Sources of Air Pollution and Their Control

    Air Pollution
    • 2nd Edition
    • Arthur C. Stern
    • English
    Air Pollution, Second Edition, Volume III: Sources of Air Pollution and Their Control discusses the cause, effect, transport, measurement, and control of air pollution. The volume tackles the emissions to the atmosphere from the principal air pollution sources; the control techniques and equipment used to minimize these emissions; the applicable laws, regulations, and standards; and the administrative and organizational procedures used to administer these laws, regulations, and standards. Engineers, physicians, meteorologists, lawyers, economists, sociologists, agronomists, toxicologists, and public administrators will find the book a valuable reference material.

  • Year Book 1990

    Advisory Committee on Pollution of the Sea
    • 1st Edition
    • Patricia Dent
    • English
    This comprehensive yearbook is the only compendium, in any language, of policy, scientific and legal developments concerning the occurrence, regulation and control of marine pollution. The breadth of scope of the volume reflects the increasing concern at all levels of government, scientific enquiry and society with these issues. Comprehensive updates of marine-related legislation and the activities of a number of international and intergovernmental organisations are included. Forewords to each chapter are contributed by prominent politicans and experts in the field of environmental science. Over 200 references and numerous tables and illustrations augment the wealth of data within the text, including several case studies and coverage of recent conventions. In the light of increasing pressure on the marine environment from human activities, the yearbook provides a unique contribution to the study of marine pollution worldwide.

  • Nitrogen Behavior in Field Soil

    • 1st Edition
    • Donald R. Nielsen
    • English
    Nitrogen in the Environment, Volume 1: Nitrogen Behavior in Field Soil is the first of a two-volume treatise based on manuscripts presented at the international conference on ""Nitrogen in the Environment,"" held at the University of California Conference Center, Lake Arrowhead, in February, 1977. All original manuscripts were revised in accordance with discussions at the conference. The chapters published in these volumes are those revised manuscripts, with provisions in each chapter to preserve the major suggestions for their improvement. These two volumes—Nitrogen Behavior in Field Soil and Soil-Plant-Nitrogen Relationships—should be of value in bringing into perspective current knowledge on selected aspects of nitrogen in the environment. This book contains 26 chapters and begins with a paper on field trials with isotopically labeled nitrogen fertilizer. Separate chapters follow on topics such as computer simulation modeling for nitrogen in irrigated croplands; spatial variability of nitrogen in soils; application of gaseous-diffusion theory to measure denitrification; and measurement and prediction of anaerobiosis in soils.

  • Instrumentation Control and Automation for Waste-Water Treatment Systems

    Progress in Water Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Andrews + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Water Technology, Volume 6: Instrumentation Control and Automation for Waste-Water Treatment Systems contains the proceedings of the International Association on Water Pollution Research Workshop on Instrumentation Control and Automation for Waste-water Treatment Systems, held in London in September 1973. Contributors review major advances that have been made in instrumentation control and automation of wastewater treatment. This volume consists of 70 chapters organized into six sections. The work of the Directorate General Water Engineering in the Department of the Environment in the UK and the Environmental Protection Agency in the United States with respect to promotion of instrumentation, control, and automation for wastewater treatment systems is first discussed. This discussion is followed by a chapter that describes the effects of water pollution legislation in The Netherlands on the selection of wastewater treatment plants and their consequences for consulting engineers regarding process, technical, and economical feasibility. A real-time water quality management system for a major river in Pennsylvania is also considered, along with effluent control and instrumentation in Europe. The chapters that follow focus on instrumentation and control problems in the design of a modern sewage works; installation of field equipment in automated process control systems; process control for biological treatment of organic industrial wastewaters; and the use of computers to control sewage treatment. This book will be of interest to authorities, planners, and policymakers involved in wastewater treatment and water pollution control.

  • Studies in the Scottish Lateglacial Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • J. M. Gray + 1 more
    • English
    Studies in the Scottish Lateglacial Environment presents information on environmental reconstructions and dramatic changes, as well as the important implications of studies of the Lateglacial environment for Quaternary studies and modern climatic variations. Composed of 10 chapters, this book begins with a review of the Late Devensian glaciation in north-east Scotland. Then, detailed evidence concerning Lateglacial sea-level changes in the Earn-Tay area and their relationship to deglaciation is presented. Subsequent chapters explore the validity of the Oban-Ford Moraine, the only pre-Loch Lomond Readvance moraine remaining virtually unchallenged in the literature; reconstruction of Lateglacial and early Flandrian environments in south-west Scotland; and the fauna in marine sediments at Lochgilphead. Other chapters describe results of pollen-stratigraphic investigations at six Lateglacial sites in the southern and eastern Grampian Highlands; analyses of biological and chemical variables from sediment profiles from lochs in northern Scotland; and radiocarbon dates that are related to pollen profiles from the Scottish Highlands and the Isle of Skye. This book will be of value to students of Quaternary, as this text provides an integrated survey of available information in this field.

  • Pollution Prevention Pays

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael G Royston
    • English

  • Environmental Pollutants—Selected Analytical Methods

    Scope 6
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Environmental Pollutants - Selected Analytical Methods (SCOPE6) presents a number of carefully chosen analytical methods for use in the determination of trace amounts of certain substances in the environment. This compilation is prepared by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), an international council of scientists who provide advice with respect to environmental problems. The book contains a wide variety of methods in the determination of chemical elements and compounds in various segments of the environment, in air, water, soil and biota. The methods described in the compendium include Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry in the determination of airborne particulate lead, cadmium, cobalt, and vanadium. The use of the Ring Oven Technique in the determination of airborne particulate zinc, nickel, and copper is discussed. The determination of mercury in the air, water, and biological media is also elucidated. The book will be of great use to chemists, ecologists, biologists, and researchers concerned with environmental pollution monitoring.

  • Oil Spill Response in the Marine Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • J.W. Doerffer
    • English
    The rapid economic development of many countries since World War II has resulted in a considerable increase in the marine transport of raw materials, especially of crude oils, and in offshore activities. Inevitably, operational discharges from ships (ballast and bilge water), incidents such as collisions and groundings, and offshore exploration of oil and gas, lead to a significant amount of oil going into the sea. So far, understanding of marine environments, of oil and its behaviour when released onto the water surface, and of the methods and means of response to an oil spill, has been rather limited. This book introduces the reader to these problems and reflects the levels and trends of development in the field. The author has played an active role in combating marine pollution in the international arena since the 1970s and was awarded the International Maritime Prize for 1989 by the International Maritime Organisation.

  • The Ozone Layer

    Proceedings of the Meeting of Experts Designated by Governments, Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental Organizations on the Ozone Layer, Organized by the United Nations Environment Programme in Washington, DC, 1-9 March 1977
    • 1st Edition
    • Asit K. Biswas
    • English
    The Ozone Layer contains the proceedings of the Meeting of Experts on the Ozone Layer, organized by the United Nations Environment Programme and held in Washington, DC, on March 1-9, 1977. The papers review all aspects of the ozone layer, including the potential impact of stratospheric pollution and a reduction in the ozone layer on mankind, and encompass fields ranging from stratopheric physics and chemistry to biology, ecology, trade, and economics. This book is comprised of 23 papers and begins with a discussion on the environmental aspects of stratospheric ozone depletion and the effects of changing levels of ultraviolet radiation on phytoplankton, plants, timber production, and human health. Subsequent chapters explore some economic and social implications of a possible ban on the use of fluorocarbons; the link between atmospheric exchange processes and the ozone problem; and industry-sponsored studies on the effects of chlorofluorocarbons on the concentration of atmospheric ozone. The remaining chapters focus on stratospheric and ozone research activities in countries such as Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and the United States. This monograph will be a valuable resource for environmental scientists and policymakers.

  • Oil in Freshwater: Chemistry, Biology, Countermeasure Technology

    Proceedings of the Symposium of Oil Pollution in Freshwater, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
    • 1st Edition
    • John H. Vandermeulen + 1 more
    • English
    Oil In Freshwater: Chemistry, Biology, Countermeasure Technology presents the proceedings of the Symposium of Oil Pollution held in Freshwater, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada represents a collection of scientific knowledge on state-of-the-art monitoring and cleanup of oil pollution in fresh waters. The book covers the major subject areas of the physical and chemical fates of oil and petroleum in freshwater environments; biological and ecological effects, biodegradability and microbiological considerations, fate in runoff and wastewater treatment, and aquifer contamination. The book discusses the solubilities of substances from tar sands and heavy oils; the physical and chemical behavior of oils; and the carcinogenic and toxic effects of oil and oil products, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on freshwater communities and ecosystems. The text also describes microbial biodegradability; oil related pollutants in road and urban runoff and during municipal and industrial wastewater treatment; and cleanup and disposal technologies. Oil pollution of aquifers has been thoroughly covered.

  • Environmental Implications of Expanded Coal Utilization

    a Study By: The Beijer Institute The United Nations Environment Programme The U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • M.J. Chadwick + 1 more
    • English
    Environmental Implications of Expanded Coal Utilization focuses on the increasing consideration of coal as an alternative source of energy. This book comes as an answer to the issues on health and environment regarding the extraction, production, and use of coal. Composed of nine chapters, the selection starts by underlining the potential prospects for coal, which plays a vital role in meeting energy demands. The book also shows that problems have evolved regarding the use of coal, including land disturbance and increased land occupation due to mining. The text also notes that the international trade of coal will surely generate waste products, and some of which can be the result of poor transportation and handling. The book focuses on coal gasification and liquefaction and emphasizes that the processes involved must be carefully understood in order to avoid the environmental impacts of coal use. Attempts have been made to establish a conceptual framework to be used in assessing the health and environmental health impacts of the conversion and utilization of coal. Relative to this, discussions that follow include the trace elements that are the products of coal combustion and conversion and also coal derived carbon compounds. Another sector is focused on the evaluation of the effects of emissions on human health, especially of workers in the industry. The effects of the utilization of coal on communities are also considered. The text is a vital source of information to those involved in the research on the use of coal as alternative source of energy.

  • Energy, Resources and Environment

    Papers Presented at the First U.S.-China Conference on Energy, Resources and Environment, 7-12 November 1982, Beijing, China
    • 1st Edition
    • S.W. Yuan
    • English
    Energy, Resources and Environment documents the first U.S.-China Conference and discusses the concerns about the world's energy situation, such as its resource, environmental effects, and possible alternative sources. The book is comprised of 72 chapters including the keynote address, five lecture papers, and 66 technical papers that are organized according to its contents, specifically the type of energy it discusses. The text begins with the keynote address, and then discusses the plenary and technical papers. The plenary papers discuss the importance of energy, resources, environment, and future development. The technical papers cover the technological advancement of alternative energy source and their application. The conference covers the following theme: chemical fuels, coal energy, electric power systems, energy conservation, geothermal and other natural energy, hydropower, ice storage for cooling, solar energy, wind energy, economic aspect of energy utilization, and impact of energy on the environment. The book will be of great interest to individuals concerned with the development of alternative energy sources. Researchers whose work involves alternative energy will be able to make use of this book as a reference material.

  • Extreme Environments

    Mechanisms of Microbial Adaptation
    • 1st Edition
    • Milton R. Heinrich
    • English
    Extreme Environments: Mechanisms of Microbial Adaptation is a collection of papers presented at the symposium on Extreme Environments: Mechanisms of Microbial Adaptation, held at Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California in June 1974. The meeting emphasizes research work leading to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that allow the organism to survive extreme environments. The book presents lectures and papers on the general aspects of microbial adaptation; effects of temperature and high salt concentration on the various steps in information transfer; and on microbial enzymes. Effects of temperature, salt, and pressure on membrane structure and function are analyzed as well. The book will be of interest to biologists, microbiologists, biochemists, zoologists, and students of life sciences.

  • Modelling in Ecotoxicology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 16
    • S.E. Jorgensen
    • English
    Ecotoxicology is the science of toxic substances in the environment and their impact on living organisms. Today we use many more chemicals in everyday life than we did 30-40 years ago. Our knowledge of the fate and effect of such chemicals in the environment has not yet followed the rate of chemical innovation in spite of our expanding knowledge of ecotoxicology. About 50,000 different chemicals are produced on an industrial scale, but we have only sufficient data to evaluate the environmental consequences of a few per cent of these. The need for ecotoxicological knowledge has never been more pronounced than it is today. Even more resources must be allocated in this field in the near future, if we are to be able to cope with the threat of more toxic chemical compounds in our environment.This book outlines the state of the art of modelling the fate and effects of toxic substances in the environment. Modelling in ecotoxicology differs from modelling in other fields by the great lack of data. The quality of the models is very dependent on the parameters used, and as we do not have a wide knowledge of parameters in ecotoxicological processes, good parameter estimation methods are crucial for ecotoxicolocal models. A comprehensive review of available parameter estimation methods is therefore included in this volume. Model examples and case studies have also been included to illustrate the difficulties and short comings in practical modelling.

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