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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Impact of Aerospace Technology on Studies of the Earth's Atmosphere

    • 1st Edition
    • A.K. Oppenheim
    • English
    Impact of Aerospace Technology on Studies of the Earth's Atmosphere is a 13-chapter book that describes the studies that use space-based instruments to explore many qualities of the atmosphere. This text presents the studies about the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, climate, and pollution. The International Magnetospheric Study is also covered. The use of fluorescent ion jets, lasers, space vehicles, and equipments on board Concorde 001 in this field of interest is explained as well. This book will be very useful as a base from which all nations can think out their own programs of equipment, measurement, and use in the study of Earth's atmosphere.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 11
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 11 -1978 covers topics on the progressive development in water science, including stochastic hydrology, the numerical analysis for hydrodynamic modeling, solid-state hydrology, and subsurface waters. The book presents topics on the theory and examples to model lumped quasi-stochastic and stochastic watershed systems; the progress made in the area of multidimensional numerical modeling of hydrodynamic and water-quality processes in estuary and coastal sea systems; and the physical principles governing the flow of water through snow. The text also includes articles on the state of the art of the finite-element modeling techniques in surface and subsurface hydraulic problems; the developments in the area of rainfall-runoff relations and physically-based stochastic hydrologic analysis; as well as well hydraulics in heterogeneous aquifer formations. Hydrologists, ocean engineers, hydraulic engineers, and subsurface engineers will find the book invaluable.

  • Mining Research

    Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the University of Missouri, February, 1961
    • 1st Edition
    • George B. Clark
    • English

  • Advances in Irrigation

    Volume 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Daniel Hillel
    • English
    Advances in Irrigation, Volume 1 covers updated comprehensive elucidations of the various topics of contemporary interest and importance related to the rapidly advancing science and engineering practice of irrigation. The book presents articles on the conjunctive use of rainfall and irrigation in semiarid regions; the theory and the practical aspects of irrigation scheduling; and canopy temperature and crop water stress. The text also includes articles on the use of solute transport models to estimate salt balance below irrigated cropland; level-basin irrigation; as well as the applications of flow measurement flumes to irrigation water management. The principles, practices, and potentialities of trickle (drip) irrigation are also encompassed. Hydraulic engineers and people working in the field of irrigation will find the book useful.

  • Trondhjemites, Dacites, and Related Rocks

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • F. Barker
    • English
    Developments in Petrology, 6: Trondhjemites, Dacites, and Related Rocks focuses on the geology, geochemistry, and petrology of several kinds of trondhjemites, dacites, and genetically related rocks. The selection first elaborates on the definition, environment, and hypotheses of origin of trondhjemite; a review of the mineralogy and chemistry of tertiary-recent dacitic, latitic, rhyolitic, and related salic volcanic rocks; and some trace elements in trondhjemites and their implications to magma genesis and paleotectonic setting. Discussions focus on tectonic environments and trace element patterns, selection and reliability of trace elements, interrelationships between mineralogy and chemistry, and regional variations of dacitic and rhyolitic magmas. The publication then tackles strontium isotope geochemistry of late Archean to late Cretaceous tonalites and trondhjemites; Archean gray gneisses and the origin of the continental crust in West Greenland; and metamorphic development of early Archean tonalitic and trondhjemitic gneisses in Saglek Area, Labrador. The book examines the petrology, geochemistry, and origin of the Sparta quartz dioritetrondhjemite complex; reconnaissance geochemistry of Devonian island-arc volcanic and intrusive rocks in West Shasta District, California; and origin of the Twillingate trondhjemite in North-Central Newfoundland. The selection is highly recommended for geologists and geochemists wanting to explore trondhjemites, dacites, and genetically related rocks.

  • Paleoethnobotany

    A Handbook of Procedures
    • 1st Edition
    • Deborah M. Pearsall
    • English
    This book describes the approaches and techniques of paleoethnobotany--th... study of the interrelationships between human populations and the plant world through the archaeological record. Its purpose is twofold. First, it assembles in one volume the three major methods of paleoethnobotany, the analysis of macroremains, pollen analysis, and phytolith analysis, for the student or professional interested in the field. Second, it presents on paleoethnobotanist's view of the discipline: its past, present, and future, its strengths and weaknesses, and its role in modern archaeology.

  • Comparative Planetology

    • 1st Edition
    • Cyril Ponnamperuma
    • English
    Comparative Planetology discusses the results of data obtained from the Viking mission to Mars along with other data from other planetary missions. The book considers the many aspects of the evolution of the solar system in a comparative fashion. The interiors of planets, crustal evolution, the origin of planetary atmospheres, and the question of the origin of life are discussed using the gathered information. Astronomers, geologists, chemists, and biologists will find the book an interesting read.

  • Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns: Rockstore 77

    Proceedings of the First International Symposium, Stockholm, 5–8 September 1977
    • 1st Edition
    • Magnus Bergman
    • English

  • Overvoltage Research and Geophysical Applications

    International Series of Monographs on Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • James R. Wait
    • English
    Overvoltage Research and Geophysical Applications deals with the subject of overvoltage (or induced electrical polarization) as it relates to geophysical exploration. This book presents the results of theoretical and experimental research conducted between 1946 and 1958 to investigate overvoltage and sponsored by Newmont Mining Corporation. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with a brief overview of the history of Newmont's interest in overvoltage. The next chapter describes a theory for induced polarization effects (for step-function excitation), with particular reference to a mathematical formulation that represents the volume distribution of dipolar sources. The reader is then introduced to a brief theoretical derivation for the effective conductivity and dielectric constant of a homogeneous medium loaded with a uniform distribution of spherical conducting particles. The following chapters explore the complex conductivity of rocks as a function of frequency; laboratory studies of induced polarization in mineralized and non-mineralized rock specimens; induced polarization decay curves on rock specimens; and phenomena resulting from electric polarization of rocks at low frequencies. Some electrical transient measurements on igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are presented. The final chapter considers various explanations of the normal effect and describes induced-polarization experiments. This monograph will be of interest to geophysicists.

  • Arctic Geology and Petroleum Potential

    Proceedings of the Norwegian Petroleum Society Conference, 15-17 August 1990, Tromso, Norway
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • T.O. Vorren + 6 more
    • English
    Since the search for hydrocarbon resources in the Arcticstarted in the 1930's the exploration activity has expandedinto many of the Arctic regions, and several of the Arcticsedimentary basins have proven to be important sources ofhydrocarbon. Nevertheless, the Arctic continental margins andadjacent onshore areas are still largely unexplored in thecontext of petroleum, and are therefore considered to be oneof the few regions in the world where significant undiscoveredsources of hydrocarbon may exist. The aim of the book is togive an updated overview of the geology of the Arcticsedimentary basins and their petroleum potential. Although thedifferent basins vary significantly as regards sedimentary fill and tectonic evolution, many of the basins share some ofthe characteristics needed to become prolific oil and gasprovinces.The book contains 45 extensively illustratedarticles. It starts with papers on the Mesozoic source rocks,and oceanic natural gas clatrates in the Arctic, respectively.Then follow articles on the regional and petroleum geology ofthe main regions; Greenland, North American Arctic, SovietArctic and the Barents Sea. Particular emphasis is placed onthe Barents Sea. The two last chapters comprise articles onsalt dynamics and methods. The book closes with a paper oninternational law in the Arctic. This volume will be ofinterest to both students and professional earthscientists/petr... explorationists working in the northernlatitudes. It will allow the readers to stay abreast of thedevelopment in this climatic region of the world.

  • Eastern Europe, Asia, Oceania and Antarctica

    Eastern Europe, Asia, Oceania and Antarctica
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Böhme + 1 more
    • English
    This volume completes the International Cartographic Association's trilogy which has been prepared to provide an "Inventory of World Topographic Mapping", and contains specific details relating to the current coverage of states located in Eastern Europe, Asia, Pacific and Antarctica. The geographical positions of countries described are illustrated by means of a series of accompanying reference maps. The information supplied for each country consists of a text, including a brief history of the development of topographic mapping, geodetic data, map scales and series as well as extracts of maps and index sheets illustrating the present status of map coverage within that country. There is currently no other work employing the approach adopted in assembling this "inventory". This work is a comprehensive and important reference and source book for information in the field of topographic mapping.

  • The Practice of Reservoir Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • L.P. Dake
    • English
    The Practice of Reservoir Engineering has been written for those in the oil industry requiring a working knowledge of how the complex subject of hydrocarbon reservoir engineering can be applied in the field in a practical manner. The book is a simple statement of how to do the job and is particularly suitable for reservoir/production engineers and is illustrated with 27 examples and exercises based mainly on actual field developments. It will also be useful for those associated with the subject of hydrocarbon recovery. Geoscientists, petrophysicists and those involved in the management of oil and gas fields will also find it particularly relevant.

  • Air Pollution

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Meteorology Division
    • 1st Edition
    • R. S. Scorer
    • R. S. Scorer
    • English
    Air Pollution describes the basic mechanisms of how air pollution is transported and diffused in the atmosphere. The book discusses topics on pollution over flat country, formula and mechanisms of dilution; high level, ground and valley inversions; thermal, mechanical, and optical effects which influence air pollution; flow which leaves a solid surface or separation; and the effects and repercussions of air pollution. Physicists, meteorologists, environmentalists, and researchers will find the book insightful.

  • Arctic Communications

    Proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the AGARD Ionospheric Research Committee, Athens, Greece, July 1963
    • 1st Edition
    • B. Landmark
    • English
    Arctic Communications is a compilation of the proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the Ionospheric Research Committee of NATO's Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development, held in Athens, Greece in July 1963. The meeting provided a forum for discussing advances in communications equipment used to conduct research in the Arctic and covered a wide range of topics such as the physical properties of the Arctic ionosphere; Arctic high-frequency communications; soundings and field strength measurements; and observations in the Arctic during nuclear tests. This book is comprised of 25 chapters and begins with a discussion on experimental studies of high latitude absorption phenomena, including auroral absorption, polar cap absorption, and sudden commencement absorption. Direct measurements of D-region electron densities during the absorption periods are also presented. Subsequent chapters focus on the ionospheric absorption of cosmic noise observed at geomagnetically conjugate points; ionospheric ionization produced by solar flares; military communication facilities in the Canadian Arctic; and radio noise problems in Arctic regions. Phase instabilities on a very-low-frequency transmission path passing through the auroral zone are also considered. This monograph will be of particular value to scientists and researchers with interest in the Arctic.

  • Crystallography

    An Introduction for Earth Science (and other Solid State) Students
    • 1st Edition
    • E. J. W. Whittaker
    • English
    Starting from the basic features of crystal morphology and symmetry without assuming that the reader knows anything about crystals this textbook shows how they provide an insight into the way in which crystals are based on a repeating pattern of atoms. After summarizing and comparing the main features of the seven crystal systems and thirty-two crystal classes, the book goes on to treat X-ray crystallography in sufficient detail to provide an understanding of its uses in identification and in textural and structural studies, and to relate it to selected area electron diffraction methods in the electron microscope. Thus the student is brought to a level where he can understand the significance of crystallographic work, and has a thorough background if he wishes to move on to more specialist works. Problems and answers are included

  • Optical Remote Sensing of Air Pollution

    Lectures of a Course Held at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra (Italy), 12-15 April 1983
    • 1st Edition
    • P. Camagni + 1 more
    • English

  • Processes of Continental Rifting

    Selected Papers from the Lunar and Planetary Institute Topical Conference on the Processes of Planetary Rifting, Held in St. Helena, California, U.S.A., December 3-5, 1981
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • P. Morgan + 1 more
    • English
    Selected papers from the Lunar and Planetary Institute Topical Conference, St. Helena, CA, USA, 3-5 Dec. 1981

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 9
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 9 – 1973 covers topics on the progress in hydrosystems. The book presents articles on the expanding role of computers and hybrid computers as practical tools to solve a variety of problems occurring in the study of hydrosystems; ship-generated waves; and the classical theoretical development in the field of wave forces on structures. The text also includes articles on the dynamics of structure-fluid systems; the various aspects of two-phase flow in porous media; and nonlinear hydrologic analysis. The book will prove invaluable to ship architects, navigation-canal designers, agricultural engineers, civil engineers, hydrologists, hydroscientists, and agronomists.

  • Visualization in Modern Cartography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • A.M. MacEachren + 1 more
    • English
    Visualization in Modern Cartography explores links between the centuries-old discipline of cartography and today's revolutionary developments in scientific visualization. The book has three main goals: (1) to pass on design and symbolization expertise to the scientific visualization community - information that comes from centuries of pre-computer visualization by cartographers, and their more recent experiences with computerizing the discipline; (2) to help cartographers cope with the dramatic shift from print cartography to a dynamic virtual cartography for which their role is changing from that of map designer to one of spatial information display (and/or interface) designer; (3) to illustrate the expanded role for cartography in geographic, environmental, planning, and earth science applications that comes with the development of interactive geographic visualization tools. To achieve these goals, the book is divided into three parts. The first sets the historical, cognitive, and technological context for geographic/cartograp... visualization tool development. The second covers key technological, symbolization, and user interface issues. The third provides a detailed look at selected prototype geographic/cartograp... visualization tools and their applications.

  • The Expanding Earth

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • S.W. Carey
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 10: The Expanding Earth focuses on the principles, methodologies, transformations, and approaches involved in the expanding earth concept. The book first elaborates on the development of the expanding earth concept, necessity for expansion, and the subduction myth. Discussions focus on higher velocity under Benioff zone, seismic attenuation, blue schists and paired metamorphic belts, dispersion of polygons, arctic paradox, and kinematic contrast. The manuscript then ponders on the scale of tectonic phenomena, non-uniformitarianis... tectonic profiles, and paleomagnetism. Concerns cover global paleomagnetism, general summary of the tectonic profile, implosions, fluid pressures, pure shear, crustal extension, simple shear with horizontal axis, geological examples of scale fields, and length-time fields of deformation. The publication explores the cause of expansion, modes of crustal extension, and rotation and asymmetry of the earth, including dynamic asymmetry, precessions, nutations, librations, and wobbles at fixed obliquity, variation of rate of rotation, and categories of submarine ridges. The text is a dependable source of data for researchers wanting to study the concept of expanding earth.

  • Primary and Secondary Lead Processing

    Proceedings of the International Symposium on Primary and Secondary Lead Processing, Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 20-24, 1989
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael L. Jaeck
    • English
    The lead smelting industry has been experiencing increasing pressures on several fronts - pressure to reduce energy usage, to reduce overall cost of production, to improve environmental conditions associated with production, to improve recycling of waste lead products and to develop new markets and applications. These pressures have resulted in the development of new low cost, energy efficient processes achieving new standards of process emissions.

  • Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits

    Centre for Natural Resources, Energy and Transport, United Nations, New York
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits reviews advances in the mining and processing of low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits, taking into account the environmental considerations that increasingly are being regarded as a necessary prerequisite to acceptable mineral resources development. The focus is on marginal and sub-marginal ores, as well as ores of above normal cut-off grades which for some reason cannot be mined and/or processed economically at current technological or economic levels. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of low-grade ore potential, followed by a discussion on the theoretical and practical aspects of in situ mining. Block cave-in place leaching, biological leaching of sulfide ores, and nuclear chemical mining of primary copper sulfides are also considered. Subsequent chapters explore the economics and safety of nuclear chemical copper mining; hydrometallurgy of low-grade copper ores; trends in process metallurgy; and environmental aspects of mining and processing low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits. This monograph should be of interest to mining officials and professionals.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 10
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 10-1975 covers articles on the evergrowing scientific knowledge on water. The book presents articles on modeling techniques for groundwater evaluation and tidal theory and computations, including the basic equations for the prediction of tides, the hydrodynamic tidal equations for the dynamic behavior of the tides, and tidal computations in rivers, seas, and coastal waters. The text also includes articles on hydrothermal convection in saturated porous media, as well as the theory of Weirs. Hydroscientists, harbour engineers, coastal engineers, oceanographic engineers, and future designers and users of hydraulic structures for water resources development will find the book invaluable.

  • Plate Tectonics

    • 1st Edition
    • Xavier Le Pichon + 2 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 6: Plate Tectonics focuses on the exposition of the plate-tectonics hypothesis, as well as plate boundaries, stratification, and kinematics. The book first offers information on the rheological stratification of the mantle and kinematics of relative movements. Topics include lithosphere, asthenosphere, kinematics of finite motions, measurements of instantaneous movements, and worldwide kinematic pattern. The text then ponders on movements relative to a frame external to the plates and processes at accreting plate boundaries. Discussions focus on reference frames, paleomagnetic synthesis, creation of oceanic crust, and continental rifts. The publication elaborates on processes at consuming plate boundaries, including sinking plate model, structure of trenches and associated island arcs and cordilleras, and consumption of continent-bearing lithosphere. The text is a valuable source of data for readers interested in plate tectonics.

  • Paleontology and Neontology of Cephalopods

    • 1st Edition
    • M. R. Clarke + 1 more
    • English
    Paleontology and Neontology of Cephalopods examines information that throws new light on the evolution of coleoids. This book is part of a multivolume work, The Mollusca, which attempts to provide comprehensive treatment of major areas of molluscan research. The Mollusca is intended to serve several disciplines—zoology, biochemistry, physiology, and paleontology. It will prove useful to researchers and to all others with interests in mollusks. The book begins with a review of the main features of cephalopod evolution. This is followed by separate chapters on the evolution of the gladius in coleoids; the buccal mass of Cephalopoda; beaks of living coleoid Cephalopoda; cephalopod hooks; statoliths of cephalopods; buoyancy and locomotion in recent cephalopods; and evolution of the cephalopod brain and cephalopod statocyst. Subsequent chapters deal with the photophore structure and evolution within the Enoploteuthinae; the interrelationships of genera within the Ommastrephidae; evolutionary pathways traversed by the cephalopod family Cranchiidae; the cephalopod fauna of the European Mediterranean; and the evolution of recent cephalopods.

  • Plate Tectonics & Crustal Evolution

    • 3rd Edition
    • Kent C. Condie
    • English
    This substantially revised edition includes recently published information relating to plate tectonics and continental origin. A large number of new figures have been added, and new sections included on meteorites, seismic tomography, mantle convection, accretionary terranes, mantle sources and evolution, continental growth, secular changes in Earth history, also a new chapter on exogenic Earth systems. In addition the following topics have been substantially revised: lunar origin, global gravity, origin of the core, metamorphism, plate boundaries, hotspots, tectonic settings, and magma associations. Among the new features the Tectonic Map of the World has also been updated.

  • Microcomputer Applications in Geology 2

    • 1st Edition
    • J.T. Hanley + 1 more
    • English
    The development and utilization of microcomputers is widespread and rapid in all scientific disciplines, geology being no exception. Microcomputers are becoming ubiquitous and indispensable in research and teaching as well as in the commercial sector. The applications that are available to the geologic community today are increasingly dynamic and sophisticated, although to date software has been the limiting factor. This volume provides an excellent source of software and ideas on applications. Papers cover a wide range of subjects both in geology and computer science. The applications range from reconstructing fossil shells to reconstructing landscape terrains, covering topics such as expert systems, simulations, database construction and data analysis and display.

  • Supercomputers in Seismic Exploration

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • E. Eisner
    • Klaus Helbig
    • English
    Provides an authoritative overview of the role which computers now play in the field of seismology and discusses ways in which they can be improved for solving the increasingly complex problems now facing the scientist and engineer. Topics covered include typical seismic models, computational requirements associated with several standard numerical modelling techniques, three-dimensional processing, migration and forward modelling, advances in both hardware and software, iterative modelling, hypercube supercomputing, reservoir simulation using supercomputers, algorithms used in modelling and inversion, wave equation computations and simulation of seismic waves.

  • Industrial Minerals and Rocks

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 18
    • M. Kucera
    • English
    Industrial Minerals and Rocks is a collection of research papers concerning the study of industrial mineral deposits. This work is composed of 17 chapters that specifically highlight the research done by Czech and Slovak economic geologists in non-metallic deposits, including talc, magnesite, kaolin, and clay. After an introduction to the history of industrial minerals and rocks, this book goes on reviewing the origin, principal element cycle, genetic types, form, and size of these deposits. Considerable chapters describe the deposits of industrial minerals, rocks, and building raw materials. The remaining chapters deal with the geophysical methods prospecting and exploration and production of industrial raw materials, rocks, and minerals. This book will prove useful to mineral geologists and researchers.

  • Regional Oceanography

    An Introduction
    • 1st Edition
    • Matthias Tomczak + 1 more
    • English
    Covers the traditional range of topics in regional oceanography. An important aspect of work is its novel approach to a description of the features which give each ocean region its character. The two core principles are the use of the most modern database for all maps of regional distributions of properties and a discussion of all observed features within a frame of reference developed from ocean dynamics, rather than based on the simple geographical approach. The ocean's role in climate variability and climate change is described in detail. The book also includes an evaluation of all major international research projects such as FGGE, IIOE and TOGA. The SI system is used throughout. The use of modern data and inclusion of the oceanographic literature up to 1992 and early 1993 make it a useful reference text.

  • Advances in Irrigation

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Daniel Hillel
    • English
    Advances in Irrigation, Volume 2 covers topics on the developments in the science and practice of irrigation. The book presents articles on irrigation scheduling and applied timing criteria; the problem of energy utilization and management in irrigation; and the relationship between irrigation requirements and crop response in terms of crop-water production functions. The text also includes articles on the development and prospects of irrigation in Australia, as well as the application of a plant-environment model to problems in irrigation. The economic analysis of on-farm irrigation using response functions of crops and irrigation scheduling based on a dynamic crop response model are also encompassed. Industrial engineers, agronomists, economists, agriculturists, hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, and agricultural engineers will find the book invaluable.

  • Solar Energy in Developing Countries

    An Overview and Buyers' Guide for Solar Scientists and Engineers
    • 1st Edition
    • A. Eggers-Lura
    • English
    Solar Energy in Developing Countries is a documentation report with bibliography on solar energy research and development in developing countries such as those in Asia, Central and South America, Africa, and Middle East. Institutions in developed countries with solar activities of interest to developing countries are included. This volume consists of seven chapters and opens with an overview of the study followed by a discussion on solar activities of relevance to developing countries, focusing on the work of international or supranational organizations such as the United Nations, NATO, and the European Economic Community. The following chapters deal with the state of the art of solar energy applications as well as solar R&D work in developing countries, including solar distillation, solar cooking and drying, and solar refrigeration and air conditioning. Information and addresses on sources of literature, hardware and equipment are also provided, along with a detailed and comprehensive bibliography (mostly with abstracts). This book is intended for solar scientists and engineers, government officials, and others who are interested in solar R&D work in developing countries.

  • Soil Mechanics of Earthworks, Foundations and Highway Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    This is the third volume of a handbook which covers the whole field of soil mechanics, discussing deterministic and stochastic theories and methods, and showing how they can be used in conjunction with one another. The first volume discusses soil physics, while the second deals with the determination of physical characteristics of the soil. Australian Mining wrote of the Handbook ``a valuable addition to the extensive literature on the topic and will be found to be more useful than most.''The main objective of the third volume is to present solutions to the problems of engineering practice. It deals with the most important theoretical and practical problems of soil mechanics, discussing the following in detail: stability of earthworks, load-bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations, design of pile foundations, soil mechanics in road construction, improving the physical properties of soils, the characteristics of soil dynamics, foundations for machines and soil behaviour as affected by earthquakes. The book not only presents up-to-date deterministic methods, but also discusses solutions of probability theory in the fields of design and safety.The book is divided into six chapters covering the stability of slopes, landslides, load-bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations and pile foundations, soil mechanics in road construction, and the improvement of the physical characteristics of soil with special emphasis on machine foundations and earthquakes, giving detailed treatment of each subject. For example, the first chapter deals not only with the stability of slopes, but also discusses the natural and artificial effects, slope protection, filter design, stresses in embankments, and the time factor. In this way, the book gives a clear and comprehensive picture of the special fields of soil mechanics and its subjects. It is therefore emminently suitable for postgraduate engineers, and engineers working in the fields of geotechnics, earthworks, foundations, road construction, engineering geology and statistics, and the design of structures.

  • Cartography Past, Present and Future

    A Festschrift for F.J. Ormeling
    • 1st Edition
    • D.W. Rhind + 1 more
    • English
    Making maps dates back at least four thousand years and it is widely recognised that many maps are of great historical value and present a skilled method of summarising the real world on a sheet of paper. Less well known is the judgement involved in the selection and simplification of features, the complex transformation of space and the exacting standards which are needed in cartography. This book is primarily a tribute to Professor F.J. Ormeling, former President and Secretary/Treasurer of the ICA and gives a wide ranging review of the current status of cartography, how this status was attained and the way in which the subject is expected to evolve over the next decade. It is composed of two main sections. In the first, the present state of cartography in different countries is examined. The second section is a thematic view in which some of the major issues and developments in cartography are discussed in turn, including art and science in cartography, the character of historical cartography, the role of map making in developing countries, the impact of a possible ideal computer mapping facility and how cartography has changed in recent years. There are international contributions from authors distinguished and internationally recognised in cartography and related fields and who have had a significant input to the ICA.

  • Mineral Economics

    Development and Management of Natural Resources
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 20
    • O. Rudawsky
    • English
    Although profitable development and exploitation of natural resources has been, and still remains, the goal of many individuals and firms within the extractive industries, several new goals must also be considered, the foremost of which is the wise management of the already discovered stocks of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. This aspect has become of vital importance for society as a whole.It is this dual objective - the economic feasibility on behalf of private interests, and the efficient development and utilization of natural resources as viewed from the societal point of view - that is covered in this book. The material presented is based on many published and unpublished sources, and serves to demonstrate the basic principles associated with the economics and management of mineral resources. Rather than attempting to carry on an in-depth analysis of the various topics, the author has provided a broad coverage of the basic concepts and their applications in real-life occurrences. For those interested in more intensive analysis, suggested additional selected readings and references are provided.The book is written as an introductory-level textbook in mineral economics. Advanced students in mineral engineering programs, economics, and business administration curricula, with a particular interest in economic analysis of mineral and energy activities may find this book an appropriate starting-point. Likewise, first-year graduate students in engineering programs, resource economics, mineral economics, natural resource management, environmental sciences, and law will find that the book provides a fundamental understanding of the basic concepts of mineral economics and how they relate to the general economic and management theories.

  • Coordinate Systems and Map Projections

    • 2nd Edition
    • D.H. Maling
    • English
    A revised and expanded new edition of the definitive English work on map projections. The revisions take into account the huge advances in geometrical geodesy which have occurred since the early years of satellite geodesy. The detailed configuration of the geoid resulting from the GEOS and SEASAT altimetry measurements are now taken into consideration. Additionally, the chapter on computation of map projections is updated bearing in mind the availability of pocket calculators and microcomputers. Analytical derivation of some map projections including examples of pseudocylindrical and polyconic projections is also covered. Work undertaken in the USA and USSR on the creation of suitable map projections obtained through numerical analysis has been included. The book concludes with a chapter on the abuse and misrepresentation of map projections. An invaluable reference source for professional cartographers and all those interested in the fundamental problems of mapping the Earth.

  • Rock Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • G.J.S. Govett
    • English
    Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry, Volume 3: Rock Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration focuses on the application of rock geochemistry in mineral exploration, including deposits of plutonic association, volcanic and sedimentary association, and sequence of geochemical exploration. The publication first elaborates on geochemistry in the exploration sequence, crustal abundance, geochemical behavior of elements, and problems of sampling and recognition of geochemical anomalies. Discussions focus on population partition, spatial distribution of data, abundance of elements, classification and geochemical behavior of elements, principles underlying geochemical exploration, sequence of geochemical exploration, and main types of geochemical surveys. The text then takes a look at regional scale exploration for deposits of plutonic association; regional scale exploration for vein and replacement deposits; and regional scale exploration for stratiform deposits of volcanic and sedimentary association. The book ponders on the synthesis of geochemical responses and operational conclusions, local and mine scale exploration for stratiform deposits of volcanic and sedimentary association in Cyprus, Turkey, and Oceania, New Brunswick deposits, and Precambrian, Proterozoic, and Kuroko deposits. The text is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the application of rock geochemistry in mineral exploration.

  • Transistors

    • 1st Edition
    • E. J. M. Kendall
    • English
    Transistors covers the main thread of transistor development. This book is organized into 2 parts encompassing 19, and starts with an overview of the semi-conductor physics pertinent to the understanding of transistors, as well as features and applications of the point contact devices and junction devices. The subsequent part deals with the modulation of conductance of thin films of conductors by surface charges, the metal-semi conductor, and the semi-conductor triode. These topics are followed by discussions on the nature of the forward current, physical principles in transistor, the hole injection in transistor, and the double-surface transistor in which the emitter and collector contacts bear on the two opposite faces of a thin wedge or slab of semiconductor. Other papers describe the effects of electrical forming on the rectifying barrier, the junction in semiconductors and transistors, the theory of Alpha for diffused junction transistors, and a high frequency diffused transistor. The last chapters consider unipolar, analog, and thin film transistors This book will be of value to physicists and researchers in the allied fields.

  • Biological Oceanographic Processes

    • 3rd Edition
    • Timothy R. Parsons + 2 more
    • English
    This revised edition of a popular textbook is written for students, physical oceanographers, engineers, hydrologists, fisheries experts and a number of other professionals who require quantitative expressions of biological oceanographic phenomena. It is designed to lead the reader, step by step, through a progression from the distribution of marine organisms, to discussions on trophic relations, to a final chapter on some practical applications of biological oceanography to fisheries and pollution problems. The book covers subject matter in the pelagic and benthic environments, and is intended to bridge the gap between entirely descriptive oceanography texts and works on the mathematical modelling of marine ecosystems.

  • Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions

    With Special Reference to Data from Fluid Inclusions
    • 1st Edition
    • N. P. Yermakov
    • Edwin Roedder
    • English
    Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions is the first book on the subject of fluid inclusions. This book contains observational data and studies of mineral-forming solutions done in the Soviet Union. The description and natural classification of inclusion in minerals according to their composition and state are discussed. Gaseous, liquefied, and solidified inclusions that are found in minerals and their significance are considered important in determining the presence and availability of the mineral. For example, any earlier or contemporaneous minerals that are found only in their host crystals can be determined by analyzing the presence of solid inclusions. The origin and genetic classifications of liquid and gaseous inclusions, being both abundant in hypogene ore deposits, are explained. Other less common methods in the study of inclusions, besides homogenization of inclusions by heating under the microscope, are forwarded. The authors believe that exact measurements of the homogenization temperature are possible and therefore can serve as a precise indicator in understanding the process of formation of individual crystals and hydrothermal deposits. Other studies of the All-Union Research Institute of Piezo-optical Mineral Raw Materials are also discussed. This collection of monographs will prove invaluable to mineralogists, geologists, and research-chemists studying minerals and ore deposits.

  • Methods in Palaeomagnetism

    Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Palaeomagnetic Methods, Held in the Physics Department of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, April 1–10, 1964
    • 1st Edition
    • D.W. Collinson + 2 more
    • English
    Methods in Paleomagnetism covers the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Paleomagnetic Methods, held in the Physics Department of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne on April 1-10, 1964. The book focuses on apparatus and techniques used in paleomagnetism and rock magnetism. The selection first offers information on sampling techniques in the field and measurement of natural remanent magnetization. Discussions focus on ballistic and spinner magnetometers; paleomagnetic sampling with a portable coring drill; portable apparatus for collecting small oriented cores; and portable field-sampling equipment. The book also takes a look at procedures to test the stability of magnetization, as well as physical properties of demagnetization; thermal demagnetization by the continuous method; and apparatus for thermal demagnetization by the progressive method. The text ponders on measurement of isotropic and anisotropic susceptibility and magnetic measurements in applied fields. Topics include preliminary account of a refined technique for magnetic susceptibility anisotropy measurement of rocks; errors in anisotropy measurements with the torsion balance; and measurement of the anisotropy of the susceptibility with an astatic magnetometer. The selection is a valuable reference for readers interested in paleomagnetism.

  • Biometeorology

    Proceedings of the Second International Bioclimatological Congress Held at the Royal Society of Medicine, London, 4–10 Sept. 1960, Organized by The International Society of Biometeorology
    • 1st Edition
    • S. W. Tromp
    • English
    Biometeorology is based on the proceedings of the Second International Bioclimatological Congress, held at The Royal Society of Medicine, London in September 1960. This book is a collection of selected reports from participating members of The International Society of Biometeorology. The compendium covers a wide range of issues related to the study of the direct and indirect interrelations between the geophysical and geochemical factors of the atmospheric environment and living organisms: plants, animals, and human. The book is divided into four main sections; themes are selected for the congress. The first theme covers topics on high altitude bioclimatology such as the physiological aspects of life at extreme altitudes. The second theme is about tropical bioclimatology or aspects of plant and animal life in tropical climates. The third deals with bioclimatological classifications, which is about the relations between the climate and the distribution of the living species on the Earth. The fourth theme, meteoro-pathological forecasting, discusses the consequences of anticipated meteorological conditions and weather types on living organisms. The text will be of use to biologists, health professionals, zoologists, botanists, agriculturists, sociologists, meteorologists, and ecologists.

  • Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerome G. Morse
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 7: Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production elaborates on the status of applicable nuclear techniques used in mineral exploration and production. The selection first offers information on radiometric methods and X-ray analysis in mineral exploration. Discussions focus on gamma-ray spectrometry, radon detection, autoradiography of uranium and thorium, X-ray diffraction, and application of X-ray analysis. The text then examines X-ray fluorescence geochemical analysis on the surface of Mars and radioactivation methods, as well as nuclear geochemical measurements of planetary surface; radioactivation methods for mineral exploration; and radioactivation sources. The publication takes a look at nuclear well logging for petroleum and the potential of plowshare for resource development. Topics include natural radiation, induced logs, description of potential applications related to energy resources, and obstacles to the development of a commercial plowshare program in the U.S. The selection is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the use of nuclear techniques in mineral production and exploration.

  • Drawing & Understanding Fossils

    A Theoretical and Practical Guide for Beginners with Self-assessment
    • 1st Edition
    • E. W. Nield
    • English
    A practical manual for the student of palaeontology, giving a grounding in theory, in addition to teaching graphical skills needed to make clear, representative and pleasing drawings of fossil specimens. As most early practical work in palaeontology is graphical the author has sought to teach the basics of graphic art as relevant to each fossil group. Puzzles, exercises and experiments are included, also self-assessment tests to allow students to check their progress.

  • Applications of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

    • 1st Edition
    • M. D. Steven + 1 more
    • English
    Applications of Remote Sensing in Agriculture contains the proceedings of the 48th Easter School in Agricultural Science, held at the University of Nottingham on April 3-7, 1989. The meeting invites 146 delegates from over 22 countries and contributions to this book come from nine countries. This book generally presents a review of the achievements of remote sensing in agriculture, establishes the state of the art, and gives pointers to developments. This text is organized into seven parts, wherein Parts I-III cover the principles of remote sensing, climate, soil, land classification, and crop inventories. Productivity; stress; techniques for agricultural applications; and opportunities, progress, and prospects in the field of remote sensing in agriculture are also discussed.

  • Principles of Ocean Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 38
    • John R. Apel
    • William L. Donn
    • English
    In recent years, significant advances in both the theoretical and observational sides of physical oceanography have allowed the ocean's physical behavior to be described more quantitatively. This book discusses the physical mechanisms and processes of the sea, and will be valuable not only to oceanographers but also physicists, graduate students, and scientists working in dynamics or optics of the marine environment.

  • Geomorphology: The Research Frontier and Beyond

    Proceedings of the 24th Binghamton Symposium in Geomorphology, August 25, 1993
    • 1st Edition
    • J.D. Vitek + 1 more
    • English
    Perspectives on the future directions of research in geomorphology form the major theme of this volume. Ten geomorphologists were asked to "star-gaze", that is provide opinions about the future direction of their specialty. Each paper is supported by the literature that currently defines the research frontier.

  • Seismic Coal Exploration

    In-Seam Seismics
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 16
    • L. Dresen + 1 more
    • English
    The efficient mining of hard coal in deep coal mines using highly mechanized longwall techniques requires information on the geological structure ahead of the operating face. Even minor tectonic faults with throws of only a few metres mean a loss in productivity, as they present severe working problems for underground mining equipment. Because investment costs to install a mechanized face are high, "insurance" in the form of spare capacity by both machine shifts or spare faces is uneconomic. Thus, to reduce mining costs it is essential to delineate the geology prior to mining. Today, the only effective geophysical tool to detect and to map minor faults in front of the coal cutter is in-seam seismics using channel, or so called seam waves. The techniques are well established and successfully applied for more than two decades.In-Seam Seismics covers the entire range of elementary and advanced topics in mathematics, physics and data processing of dispersive channel waves. The results of analogue and numerical modelling provide a thorough understanding of transmission, reflection, recording and interpretation of seam waves and coal seam disturbances. Fire damp proof instrumentation, target orientated underground layouts, processing and interpretation of real data impart the state-of-the-art of in-seam seismics. Selected and well-rounded case histories complete the presentation of in-seam seismics. They can help the mining engineer to come to a decision to plan and to apply in-seam seismics in case of underground mining problems.A clear text, only formulae which are necessary, many carefully designed figures, an extended list of references and a lucid index make it easy for the reader to get acquainted with seam waves or to promote the technique of in-seam seismics.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 8
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 8, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in hydroscience. The book contains six chapters and opens with a study on seiches—a phenomenon that frequently occurs in large enclosed bodies of water and that can result in serious destruction of shore structures and bring sudden death to innocent swimmers. This phenomenon bears certain resemblances to the tsunamis and storm surges over the open sea. Subsequent chapters deal with the basic principles underlying the techniques in isotope hydrology; statistical models for ocean waves and wave forces; fluvial sediment transport; impulsive waves; and channel networks. This contribution will prove particularly useful to hydrologists, since most work in this field has been done by physicists or other non-hydrologists.

  • Areography

    Geographical Strategies of Species
    • 1st Edition
    • Eduardo H Rapoport
    • English
    Areography: Geographical Strategies of Species discusses the hypotheses and results of areography, which is the study of geographical range of species. The book consists of six chapters, which help demonstrates that the geographical range of species can be studied and can help provide a methodology to analyze the spatio-geographic strategies of species. The first chapter provides an introductory discussion on areography; the chapter also covers several issues, concerns, and criticisms on areography. Chapter 2 discusses the anatomy and morphology of areas, while Chapter 3 covers the methodological approaches. The fourth chapter tackles the concept of barriers. Chapters 5 and 6 discuss geographical and ecological areography, respectively. The text will be of great use to researchers who are involved or have an interest in areography.

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