Skip to main content
Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behavior and Coevolution

    • 1st Edition
    • A.J. Boucot
    • English
    This book is the culmination of many years of research by a scientist renowned for his work in this field. It contains a compilation of the data dealing with the known stratigraphic ranges of varied behaviors, chiefly animal with a few plant and fungal, and coevolved relations. A significant part of the data consists of ``frozen behavior'', i.e. those in which an organism has been preserved while actually ``doing'' something, as contrasted with the interpretations of behavior of an organism deduced from functional morphology, important as the latter may be.The conclusions drawn from this compilation suggest that both behaviors and coevolved relations appear infrequently, following which there is relative fixity of the relation, i.e., two rates of evolution, very rapid and essentially zero. This conclusion complies well with the author's prior conclusion that community evolution followed the same rate pattern. In fact, communities are regarded here, as in large part, expressions of both behavior and coevolved relations, rather than as random aggregates controlled almost wholly by varied, unrelated physical parameters tracked by organisms, i.e., the concept that communities have no biologic reality, being merely statistical abstractions.The book is illustrated throughout with more than 400 photographs and drawings. It will be of interest to ethologists, evolutionists, parasitologists, paleontologists, and palaeobiologists at research and post-graduate levels.

  • Methods in Palaeomagnetism

    Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Palaeomagnetic Methods, Held in the Physics Department of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, April 1–10, 1964
    • 1st Edition
    • D.W. Collinson + 2 more
    • English
    Methods in Paleomagnetism covers the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Paleomagnetic Methods, held in the Physics Department of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne on April 1-10, 1964. The book focuses on apparatus and techniques used in paleomagnetism and rock magnetism. The selection first offers information on sampling techniques in the field and measurement of natural remanent magnetization. Discussions focus on ballistic and spinner magnetometers; paleomagnetic sampling with a portable coring drill; portable apparatus for collecting small oriented cores; and portable field-sampling equipment. The book also takes a look at procedures to test the stability of magnetization, as well as physical properties of demagnetization; thermal demagnetization by the continuous method; and apparatus for thermal demagnetization by the progressive method. The text ponders on measurement of isotropic and anisotropic susceptibility and magnetic measurements in applied fields. Topics include preliminary account of a refined technique for magnetic susceptibility anisotropy measurement of rocks; errors in anisotropy measurements with the torsion balance; and measurement of the anisotropy of the susceptibility with an astatic magnetometer. The selection is a valuable reference for readers interested in paleomagnetism.

  • Arctic Communications

    Proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the AGARD Ionospheric Research Committee, Athens, Greece, July 1963
    • 1st Edition
    • B. Landmark
    • English
    Arctic Communications is a compilation of the proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the Ionospheric Research Committee of NATO's Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development, held in Athens, Greece in July 1963. The meeting provided a forum for discussing advances in communications equipment used to conduct research in the Arctic and covered a wide range of topics such as the physical properties of the Arctic ionosphere; Arctic high-frequency communications; soundings and field strength measurements; and observations in the Arctic during nuclear tests. This book is comprised of 25 chapters and begins with a discussion on experimental studies of high latitude absorption phenomena, including auroral absorption, polar cap absorption, and sudden commencement absorption. Direct measurements of D-region electron densities during the absorption periods are also presented. Subsequent chapters focus on the ionospheric absorption of cosmic noise observed at geomagnetically conjugate points; ionospheric ionization produced by solar flares; military communication facilities in the Canadian Arctic; and radio noise problems in Arctic regions. Phase instabilities on a very-low-frequency transmission path passing through the auroral zone are also considered. This monograph will be of particular value to scientists and researchers with interest in the Arctic.

  • Extractive Metallurgy of Copper

    • 3rd Edition
    • A.K. Biswas + 1 more
    • English
    A completely revised and up-to-date edition containing comprehensive industrial data. The many significant changes which occurred during the 1980s and 1990s are chronicled. Modern high intensity smelting processes are presented in detail, specifically flash, Contop, Isasmelt, Noranda, Teniente and direct-to-blister smelting. Considerable attention is paid to the control of SO2 emissions and manufacture of H2SO4. Recent developments in electrorefining, particularly stainless steel cathode technology are examined. Leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning are evaluated together with their impact upon optimizing mineral resource utilization. The volume targets the recycling of copper and copper alloy scrap as an increasingly important source of copper and copper alloys. Copper quality control is also discussed and the book incorporates an important section on extraction economics.Each chapter is followed by a summary of concepts previously described and offers suggested further reading and references.

  • Impact of Aerospace Technology on Studies of the Earth's Atmosphere

    • 1st Edition
    • A.K. Oppenheim
    • English
    Impact of Aerospace Technology on Studies of the Earth's Atmosphere is a 13-chapter book that describes the studies that use space-based instruments to explore many qualities of the atmosphere. This text presents the studies about the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, climate, and pollution. The International Magnetospheric Study is also covered. The use of fluorescent ion jets, lasers, space vehicles, and equipments on board Concorde 001 in this field of interest is explained as well. This book will be very useful as a base from which all nations can think out their own programs of equipment, measurement, and use in the study of Earth's atmosphere.

  • Freshwater Ecosystems

    Modelling and Simulation
    • 1st Edition
    • A.H. Gnauck + 1 more
    • English
    Ecosystem analysis and ecological modelling is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary branch of science used in theoretical developments in ecology and having practical applications in environmental protection. In this book, the authors introduce new holistic, particularly cybernetic, concepts into ecosystem theory and modelling, and provide a concise treatment of mathematical modelling of freshwater ecosystems which covers methods, subsystem models, applications and theoretical developments.Part I begins with a brief introduction to the principles of systems theory and their applications to ecosystems, and provides a summary of various methods of systems analysis. In Part II emphasis is laid on the pelagic processes in standing water, characterised by relatively uninvolved structures from which models can be readily developed. Part III describes applications of the technique of modelling to solutions of theoretical and practical problems, with different modelling methods and objectives being used in the various chapters. More recent developments in the methods and theory of ecosystem modelling are covered in Part IV which also includes a discussion of future trends. The book is addressed to practising ecologists and engineers in the fields of ecology, limnology, environmental protection, and water quality managements, as well as to graduate/post-gradua... university students in science and engineering. Students and researchers involved in environmental applications of mathematics and cybernetics will also find the book of interest.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 14
    • 1st Edition
    • Ben Chie Yen
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 14-1986 covers topics on the frontiers of hydroscience, including urban hydrology, remote sensing, sewer hydraulics, and computational hydraulics. The book presents articles on state-of-the-art theory and practice in sewer hydraulics and the passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture. An article on the numerical modeling of unsteady open-channel flow is also encompassed. Hydraulic engineers, hydrologists, earth scientists, agricultural engineers, soil scientists, environmental engineers, and urban designers and planners will find the text invaluable.

  • Water at the Surface of the Earth

    An Introduction to Ecosystem Hydrodynamics
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • David H. Miller
    • J. Van Mieghem
    • English
    For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography.

  • Mineral Economics

    Development and Management of Natural Resources
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 20
    • O. Rudawsky
    • English
    Although profitable development and exploitation of natural resources has been, and still remains, the goal of many individuals and firms within the extractive industries, several new goals must also be considered, the foremost of which is the wise management of the already discovered stocks of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. This aspect has become of vital importance for society as a whole.It is this dual objective - the economic feasibility on behalf of private interests, and the efficient development and utilization of natural resources as viewed from the societal point of view - that is covered in this book. The material presented is based on many published and unpublished sources, and serves to demonstrate the basic principles associated with the economics and management of mineral resources. Rather than attempting to carry on an in-depth analysis of the various topics, the author has provided a broad coverage of the basic concepts and their applications in real-life occurrences. For those interested in more intensive analysis, suggested additional selected readings and references are provided.The book is written as an introductory-level textbook in mineral economics. Advanced students in mineral engineering programs, economics, and business administration curricula, with a particular interest in economic analysis of mineral and energy activities may find this book an appropriate starting-point. Likewise, first-year graduate students in engineering programs, resource economics, mineral economics, natural resource management, environmental sciences, and law will find that the book provides a fundamental understanding of the basic concepts of mineral economics and how they relate to the general economic and management theories.

  • Plate Tectonics

    • 1st Edition
    • Xavier Le Pichon + 2 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 6: Plate Tectonics focuses on the exposition of the plate-tectonics hypothesis, as well as plate boundaries, stratification, and kinematics. The book first offers information on the rheological stratification of the mantle and kinematics of relative movements. Topics include lithosphere, asthenosphere, kinematics of finite motions, measurements of instantaneous movements, and worldwide kinematic pattern. The text then ponders on movements relative to a frame external to the plates and processes at accreting plate boundaries. Discussions focus on reference frames, paleomagnetic synthesis, creation of oceanic crust, and continental rifts. The publication elaborates on processes at consuming plate boundaries, including sinking plate model, structure of trenches and associated island arcs and cordilleras, and consumption of continent-bearing lithosphere. The text is a valuable source of data for readers interested in plate tectonics.

  • Numerical Petrology

    Statistical Interpretation of Geochemical Data
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • R.W. Le Maitre
    • English
    Developments in Petrology, Volume 8: Numerical Petrology: Statistical Interpretation of Geochemical Data presents the methods that are likely to be useful to the average petrologist. This book deals with the problems of closed data and singular matrices in multiple discriminant analysis and classification procedure. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the petrological data that can be quantified, including both discrete and continuous variables. This text then examines the methods of testing for differences between the means of two populations. Other chapters consider the three methods of evaluating linear trends within such bivatiate plots, namely, the use of the correlation coefficient, linear regression analysis, and either structural or functional relationships. This book discusses as well the propagation of errors in mineral and normative recalculations. The final chapter deals with the use of computers to manage the tremendous amount of information that is available. This book is a valuable resource for petrologists, geochemists, and geologists.

  • The Expanding Earth

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • S.W. Carey
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 10: The Expanding Earth focuses on the principles, methodologies, transformations, and approaches involved in the expanding earth concept. The book first elaborates on the development of the expanding earth concept, necessity for expansion, and the subduction myth. Discussions focus on higher velocity under Benioff zone, seismic attenuation, blue schists and paired metamorphic belts, dispersion of polygons, arctic paradox, and kinematic contrast. The manuscript then ponders on the scale of tectonic phenomena, non-uniformitarianis... tectonic profiles, and paleomagnetism. Concerns cover global paleomagnetism, general summary of the tectonic profile, implosions, fluid pressures, pure shear, crustal extension, simple shear with horizontal axis, geological examples of scale fields, and length-time fields of deformation. The publication explores the cause of expansion, modes of crustal extension, and rotation and asymmetry of the earth, including dynamic asymmetry, precessions, nutations, librations, and wobbles at fixed obliquity, variation of rate of rotation, and categories of submarine ridges. The text is a dependable source of data for researchers wanting to study the concept of expanding earth.

  • Refrigeration Processes

    A Practical Handbook on the Physical Properties of Refrigerants and their Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • N. S. Billington
    • English
    A comprehensive applications-oriente... treatment of the subject in two parts. The first part forms a useful introduction to basic principles dealing with the definitions of the physical properties and outlines the method of their calculation. The second part is devoted to calculated data on a range of refrigerants by means of extensive tables and diagrams. The treatment takes the form of a data sheet, one for each of about thirty refrigerants; this data sheet gives the essential information from which close approximations of pressure, temperature, volume and enthalpy can be made for any predicted conditions. Following this is a set of tables of saturation properties in both Imperial and SI/Metric Units, where they are available. Pressure Enthalpy charts follow the tables. The refrigerants are arranged in the order of the now almost universally accpeted numerical classification introduced by the American Standards Association and adopted by the British Standards Institution. All the information is clearly indexed and readily accessible, and will prove invaluable to all students who require a sound background knowledge and understanding of the subject, and practising engineers will find it an indispensable source of reference

  • Crystallography

    An Introduction for Earth Science (and other Solid State) Students
    • 1st Edition
    • E. J. W. Whittaker
    • English
    Starting from the basic features of crystal morphology and symmetry without assuming that the reader knows anything about crystals this textbook shows how they provide an insight into the way in which crystals are based on a repeating pattern of atoms. After summarizing and comparing the main features of the seven crystal systems and thirty-two crystal classes, the book goes on to treat X-ray crystallography in sufficient detail to provide an understanding of its uses in identification and in textural and structural studies, and to relate it to selected area electron diffraction methods in the electron microscope. Thus the student is brought to a level where he can understand the significance of crystallographic work, and has a thorough background if he wishes to move on to more specialist works. Problems and answers are included

  • Gravity and Low-Frequency Geodynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Roman Teisseyre
    • English
    This fourth volume in the series Physics and Evolution of the Earth's Interior, provides a comprehensive review of the geophysical and geodetical aspects related to gravity and low-frequency geodynamics. Such aspects include the Earth's gravity field, geoid shape theory, and low-frequency phenomena like rotation, oscillations and tides.Global-scale phenomena are treated as a response to source excitation in spherical Earth models consisting of several shells: lithosphere, mantle, core and sometimes also the inner solid core. The effect of gravitation and rotation on the Earth's shape is analysed. The satellite approach to studies of the gravity field and the geoid shape is discussed in some detail. Discussions of recent findings and developments are accompanied by a brief historical background.

  • East African Rifts

    • 1st Edition
    • R. W. Girdler
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 7: East African Rifts focuses on the movements, structure, and behavior of the East African rift system. The selection first offers information on the surface structure and plate tectonics of Afar; tectonic and magmatic significance of volcanism in the Afar depression; and preliminary interpretation of the gravity field of Afar, northeast Ethiopia. Discussions focus on crustal models of Afar based on gravity and seismic data, tectonics, volcanism, geological setting, and crustal extension. The text also elaborates on the gravity survey of the central part of the Ethiopian Rift Valley and an aeromagnetic survey of the Afar triangle of Ethiopia. The book examines the arrangement and development of continental rift zones, East African rift development, and the seismicity of the East African rift system. Topics include earthquake mechanisms, seismicity, and the main categories of rift zones. The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers interested in the East African rifts.

  • The Structure of Western Europe

    • 1st Edition
    • J. G. C. Anderson
    • English
    After a brief account of the stratigraphy in each case, the author summarises the structure of the main tectonic units of Western Europe, the units being defined within the framework of Precambrian, Caledonian, Hercynian and Alpine structures. The work provides accounts of these structural units both for geological study in general and for field visits for advanced school level and research students. A useful complementary volume to 'The Structure of the British Isles' (Anderson and Owen).

  • Geosynclines

    • 1st Edition
    • Jean Aubouin
    • English
    Geosynclines is devoted to the geosynclines concept, which states that the most elevated parts of the earth's crust—the mountains—had risen by a gigantic inversion of relief from the more depressed regions where they had originated. This book re-examines the concept in light of further geological evidence. The book is organized into four parts. Part I presents a detailed account of the birth and development of the geosynclinal concept. It shows that only the European (Alpine) concept of the geosyncline involves a fundamental palaeogeographical differentiation of mountain chains, and that it is from this standpoint that the American concept must be considered if it is to be placed in a more general framework. Part II attempts to define the geosynclinal concept in the Alpine sense of the term: i.e., in the light of current views on the Mediterranean chains of the Alpine cycle, which are the best documented. Part III collates the information acquired on the various aspects of geosynclines as exemplified by the Mediterranean chains of the Alpine cycle. Part IV discusses the degree to which the ""Alpine"" concept of the geosyncline may be extended in time.

  • Geological Problem Solving with Lotus 1-2-3 for Exploration and Mining Geology

    • 1st Edition
    • G.S. Koch
    • Daniel F Merriam
    • English
    Presents effective methods for using Lotus 1-2-3 techniques to solve problems in exploration and mining geology. 1-2-3 programmes are provided in conjunction with named worksheets or templates, together with brief explanatory text. Problem solving is based on a well-established and maintained software package. A floppy diskette is supplied enabling users, following brief instructions, to solve problems immediately.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 3
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 3-1966 encompasses naval hydrodynamics, biohydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics... hydrology, and water resources. The book presents articles on viscous resistance of ships, magnetohydrodynamics of channel flow, and hydrodynamics of blood flow in the circulatory system. The text also includes articles about the biological treatment of waste water; the processes and trends in the development of sea water conversion; and the linearized steady theory of fully wetted hydrofoils. The developments in the retardation of evaporation by the use of monolayers, as well as the dynamic programming in water resources development are also encompassed. Students and researchers in naval hydrodynamics, biohydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics... hydrology, and water resources will find the book invaluable.

  • Logistics and Benefits of Using Mathematical Models of Hydrologic and Water Resource Systems

    Selected Papers with Summary of Discussions from the International Symposium on Logistics and Benefits of Using Mathematical Models of Hydrologic and Water Resource Systems, Pisa, Italy, 24—26 October 1978
    • 1st Edition
    • A.J. Askew + 2 more
    • English
    Logistics and Benefits of Using Mathematical Models of Hydrologic and Water Resource Systems is a collection of paper that details the experiences in the operational and logistical aspects of utilizing water resource models. The title provides the general report on model structure and classification; experiences of the hydrologic engineering center in maintaining widely used hydrologic and water resource computer models; and the operational experience of on-line hydrological simulation. The selection also covers the implementation and application of a suite for the simulation of complex water resource systems in evaluation and planning studies; and the use of a groundwater model in the design, performance; and the assessment, and operation of a river regulation scheme. The book will be of great use to researchers and practitioners of hydrological sciences.

  • Atmospheric Phenomena

    The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir with Contributions in Memoriam Including a Complete Bibliography of His Works
    • 1st Edition
    • C. Guy Suits
    • English
    Atmospheric Phenomenon is composed of different essays written or co-authored by Irving Langmuir. The essays explore the different parts that form the atmosphere. A section of the book describes the evaporation of small spheres. Another section is about the radial flow in rotating liquids. The book also covers the light signals in aviation and navigation. An essay that describes the airplane tracks in the surface of stratus clouds is then provided. Some of the essays contained in a section in the book focus on the process of cloud seeding. This section explores such topics as smoke filters, cloud droplets, and water droplet trajectories. Another section in the book is especially devoted to the methods of cloud seeding using dry ice, silver iodide, and sodium chloride. The book can be a useful tool for aviation scientists, engineers in the field of aerial navigation, and individuals whose field of study is mainly on weather manipulation and control.

  • Recent Progress in Surface Science

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Recent Progress in Surface Science, Volume 2 is a 10-chapter text that covers the significant advances in some aspects of surface science, including in catalysis, genetic control of cell surface, and cell membrane. The opening chapter deals with the major factors affecting adsorption at the gas-solid interface. The subsequent chapters explore the advances in understanding of heterogeneous catalysis in terms of fundamental surface processes, as well as the concept of dynamic contact angles. These topics are followed by discussions on emulsions, flotation, and the extraordinary complexity of cell surface structures and their chemical components. Other chapters consider the experimental studies on the physiology of pinocytosis and the principles of plastron respiration. The final chapters are devoted to the isolation, characterization, and electronmicroscopic studies of cell membrane. This book is of value to surface scientists, cell biologists, and researchers in the allied fields.

  • Geomorphology and Natural Hazards

    Proceedings of the 25th Binghamton Symposium in Geomorphology, Held September 24-25, 1994 at SUNY, Binghamton, USA
    • 1st Edition
    • M. Morisawa
    • English
    The theme of this proceedings volume is the latest research on geomorphic characteristics and processes associated with natural hazards. Presentations cover a gamut of types of disasters throughout the world, describing research and applications of studies in the U.S. and other countries. The book begins with a collection of papers giving a basic background and philosophy of approaching an understanding of natural disasters. These are followed by papers on natural hazards in coastal areas, mountainous regions, landslides, flooding and the detrimental effects of permafrost.The book should prove valuable in gaining an insight of natural hazards and their geomorphic relations, which is imperative for prudent environmental planning in coping with disasters.

  • Sedimentary Basins of Continental Margins and Cratons

    • 1st Edition
    • M.H.P. Bott
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 12: Sedimentary Basins of Continental Margins and Cratons focuses on the formation, movements, characteristics, and evolution of sedimentary basins of continental margins and cratons. The selection first offers information on mechanisms of basin subsidence and rheology of the lithosphere. Discussions focus on hypotheses of basin subsidence mechanism, testing the hypotheses, elastic properties and flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, and rheology of young continental margins. The text then elaborates on flexure of the lithosphere and continental margin basins and thermal and mechanical evolution of the Michigan basin. The book ponders on the formation of sedimentary basins of graben type by extension of the continental crust and major synchronous events in continental shelves. Topics include inception of shelf development, mid-cretaceous change, taphrogenic subsidence, and energy budget of wedge subsidence mechanism. The manuscript also examines development of graben associated with the initial ruptures of the Atlantic Ocean and observations on the processes of sedimentary basin formation at the margins of Southern Africa. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of continental margins.

  • Natural Therapy

    A Manual of Physiotherapeutics and Climatology
    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas D. Luke + 1 more
    • English
    Natural Therapy: A Manual of Physiotherapeutics and Climatology discusses natural ways of healing and treating certain diseases and disorders. The authors discuss the use of water in bath-treatments as used by John Smedley, Winternitz, or through methods known as "Kaltwasser Kuranstalten," or "Kneipp cure." The book explains the general principles of hydrotherapy or the systematic application of water at different temperatures in varying ways to the body surface. Water can have a therapeutic effect due to its temperature, volume, mechanical means, and chemical forms. The authors also discuss taking baths including general precautions (after physical exertion), techniques (arm, foot bath), use of drip sheet, and douches. Water in Nauheim baths are either naturally or artificial charged, in varying degrees, with carbonic acid gas, and mixed with small amounts of chloride and sulphate of soda. The bath is good for the circulatory system. The authors discuss other natural methods of treatment such as steam bath, massages, hydro-electric baths, and special diet cures. This book can be helpful for care givers, health workers, physical therapists, practioners of alternative or holistic medicine, and general readers who have an interest in natural treatment and healing.

  • Drainage Geochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • M. Hale + 1 more
    • English
    The considerable exploration success achieved by geochemistry over the last several decades - and still continuing - has provided both the basis and rationale for the Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry series, including Volume 6, Drainage Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration. With contributions from 25 experts of truly global professional experience in drainage geochemistry, this book is a thorough appraisal of the state of the art in the use of surface and sub-surface waters, stream and lake sediments, heavy minerals for mineral exploration in tropical rain forests, temperate glaciated terrains, mountain chains, arid deserts and regions of agricultural and industrial pollution. Additional attention is given to gold and uranium exploration, and to the growing role of drainage geochemistry as a multi-purpose environmental mapping technique with applications in human health studies, ore deposit modelling and pollution monitoring. It comprises 16 chapters, more than 250 figures and a bibliography of some 1600 references.This book is the most extensive and detailed single work on the principles and applications of drainage geochemistry in mineral exploration blending both theoretical considerations and practical implementations.

  • Arid Land Irrigation in Developing Countries

    Environmental Problems and Effects
    • 1st Edition
    • E. Barton Worthington
    • English
    Arid Land Irrigation in Developing Countries: Environmental Problems and Effects covers the proceedings of the International Symposium on Arid Land Irrigation, held in Alexandria, Egypt on February 16-21 1976. This book is organized into eight sections encompassing 46 chapters. The opening section deals first with the benefits of arid land irrigation and the effective use of water in irrigated agriculture. This section also tackles the public health and socio-economic impacts of irrigation, as well as the planning and managing of irrigation and drainage systems. The next section discusses the results of some case studies on arid land irrigation, such as in districts in Mexico, Iran, and Egypt. Other sections explore the influence of irrigation on changes in hydrological processes and cycle, soil fertility, water quality, and biological balances. The closing sections consider the human problems in irrigation areas, with an emphasis on the problem of schistosomiasis and malaria. These sections also look into the viewpoints of specialist agencies of the United Nations on arid land irrigation. This book will be of value to agriculturists, economists, and researchers.

  • Soil Mechanics of Earthworks, Foundations and Highway Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    This is the third volume of a handbook which covers the whole field of soil mechanics, discussing deterministic and stochastic theories and methods, and showing how they can be used in conjunction with one another. The first volume discusses soil physics, while the second deals with the determination of physical characteristics of the soil. Australian Mining wrote of the Handbook ``a valuable addition to the extensive literature on the topic and will be found to be more useful than most.''The main objective of the third volume is to present solutions to the problems of engineering practice. It deals with the most important theoretical and practical problems of soil mechanics, discussing the following in detail: stability of earthworks, load-bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations, design of pile foundations, soil mechanics in road construction, improving the physical properties of soils, the characteristics of soil dynamics, foundations for machines and soil behaviour as affected by earthquakes. The book not only presents up-to-date deterministic methods, but also discusses solutions of probability theory in the fields of design and safety.The book is divided into six chapters covering the stability of slopes, landslides, load-bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations and pile foundations, soil mechanics in road construction, and the improvement of the physical characteristics of soil with special emphasis on machine foundations and earthquakes, giving detailed treatment of each subject. For example, the first chapter deals not only with the stability of slopes, but also discusses the natural and artificial effects, slope protection, filter design, stresses in embankments, and the time factor. In this way, the book gives a clear and comprehensive picture of the special fields of soil mechanics and its subjects. It is therefore emminently suitable for postgraduate engineers, and engineers working in the fields of geotechnics, earthworks, foundations, road construction, engineering geology and statistics, and the design of structures.

  • Dynamics of Climate

    The Proceedings of a Conference on the Application of Numerical Integration Techniques to the Problem of the General Circulation Held October 26-28, 1955
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard L Pfeffer
    • English
    Dynamics of Climate covers the proceedings of a Conference on the Application of Numerical Integration Techniques to the Problem of the General Circulation, held in Princeton University on October 26-28, 1955. This conference considers the problems involved in studying the general circulation of the earth's atmosphere by the numerical integration of suitable mathematical models. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 20 chapters. After providing a brief introduction to the subject, this book goes on dealing with the problem of forecasting climatic fluctuations. The second part discusses the numerical prediction and the general circulation of the atmosphere up to mean zonal circulation cause by topography and heating. The third part surveys other studies of the general circulation and climatic change, particularly the Earth's atmosphere and the main effect of the unequal heating. The fourth part covers the radiation studies including problems involved in introducing the long-wave radiative effects and the potential theory formulation of radiative-heat transfer which unveils some notations that will be used to express mathematical statements. The fifth part looks into the energy transformation, further researches, and other applications of these discoveries. This book is of value to meteorologists, mathematicians, and researchers in other climate-related fields.

  • An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology

    • 3rd Edition
    • Volume 48
    • Renata Dmowska
    • English
    Dynamic meteorology is the study of those motions of the atmosphere that are associated with weather and climate. The science of dynamic meteorology continues its rapid advance, and its scope has broadened considerably. There continue to be important new developments in the analysis and prediction of extratropical synoptic-scale systems. Important progress has been made in the understanding of mesoscale storms, in tropical dynamics, in the dynamics of climate, and in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere.An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Third Edition reflects the full scope of modern dynamic meteorology, while providing a coherent presentation of the fundamentals. The text emphasizes physical principles rather than mathematical elegance.

  • Spatial Database Transfer Standards

    Current International Status
    • 1st Edition
    • H. Moellering
    • English
    Since the 1960's individuals and organisations throughout the world have been building geographic databases used in conjunction with geographic hardware and software systems to collect, analyse, display and archive digital data. Through the years it was recognised that efficiencies could be gained if the geographic database built by one group could be used by multiple users across different computer systems and formats. Therefore, it was acknowledged that spatial database transfer standards were needed to facilitate the exchange and transfer of digital geographic data.Throughout the 1980's several organisations worldwide began working on the problem of producing spatial database transfer standards. As this work was initiated, research workers began to informally compare notes and developments. The International Cartographic Association [ICA], recognising the worldwide importance of standards, organised a Standards Working Group. The initial goal of this working group was to produce a monograph reporting on the present state of development in digital database transfer standards.This book is a unique collection of reports by individual nations and international organisations that describe existing geographic standards and summarize efforts to develop geographic database transfer standards worldwide.

  • Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield

    Proceedings of a Symposium
    • 1st Edition
    • Ahmad M.S. Al-Shanti
    • English
    Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, Volume 2 documents the proceedings of a Symposium on the Arabian-Nubian Shield. This book is divided into five main topics — structure and evolution; metallogenesis; plutonic rocks; metamorphic rocks; and ophiolites. In these topics, this text specifically discusses the Precambrian tectonics of North-East Africa; cratonic ore provinces separated by continental drift; peralkaline granite in the western part of the Arabian Shield; and Semail ophiolite and associated massive sulfide deposits. The Upper Proterozoic volcanic activity in the northern Arabian Shield; ore controls at the Mahd adh Dhahab gold mine; shallow intrusive granites from Egypt and their relation to mineralization; and chromites from the Al'Ays and Semail complex are also deliberated. This text is a good reference for students and individuals interested in the exposure of Precambrian crystalline rocks on the borders of the Red Sea.

  • Advances in Irrigation

    Volume 4
    • 1st Edition
    • Daniel Hillel
    • English
    Advances in Irrigation, Volume 4 covers articles on the development and management of irrigation. The book presents articles on the improved method for distributing water in furrows, termed cablegation; the analysis of drip irrigation design based on the criterion of statistical uniformity; and the spatial distribution of water in sprinkling-irrigatio... systems. The text also includes articles on the critical evaluation of crop yields as influenced by irrigation uniformity; the concept of evapotranspiration from the scale of a field to the scale of an entire region; as well as the drainage of irrigated lands under sequential water application. Articles on the comparison of several models for the purpose of appraising the effect of irrigation on wheat and barley yields and on the economics of kiwifruit production under irrigation in New Zealand are also encompassed. The book concludes with an article about the modification and testing of a model simulating root and shoot growth as related to soil water dynamics. Agriculturists, agricultural engineers, and hydrologists will find the book invaluable.

  • Geomorphological Processes

    Studies in Physical Geography
    • 1st Edition
    • E Derbyshire + 2 more
    • K. J. Gregory
    • English
    Geomorphological Processes describes land forms and land form changes, particularly regarding the rates of operation of these events. This book describes the mechanics of the geomorphological processes; the text also shows the application of an equation to explain trends in geomorphology that involves land forms (or results, a dependent variable), processes, and materials (both independent variables). The authors explain endogenetic and exogenetic processes, as well as the control systems approach. They explain the drainage basin processes which collect, concentrate, and promote water mobility and sedimentation. They also discuss the coastal processes concerning waves, tidal variations, sediment budgets, hydrodynamics of near-shore zones; the book also addresses shoreline configuration, planning, and coastal protection. The authors analyze the cryonival and glacial process such as the formation of ice in the landscape, glacial erosion, debris entrainment, meltwater erosion, and glaci-aquatic sedimentation. The text shows the difficulty of measuring the parameters in the relationship between water action and sediment movement. This book is intended for first or second year students in geology, hydrology, and those whose majors are in meteorology. It can also benefit readers whose interest lie with the environment or with the general earth sciences.

  • An Introduction to the Study of Fabrics of Geological Bodies

    • 1st Edition
    • Bruno Sander
    • English
    An Introduction to the Study of Fabrics of Geological Bodies introduces the reader to the method of fabric studies in accordance with the principles of symmetrology, with emphasis on the link between morphological and functional fabrics. Topics covered include affine and non-affine movement-pictures; movement and symmetry of tectonic deformation; tectonics and fluid mechanics; and movement and symmetry of apposition. Some examples of the use and definition of fabric studies are presented. This book is divided into two parts and begins with an overview of the concepts and objectives of fabric studies, paying particular attention to symmetry and rhythm in morphological and functional fabrics; the movement-picture of affine deformations; and non-affine deformation by gliding on a single set of planes. The discussion then turns to the distribution of planar and linear parallel-fabrics in geological bodies; constructive restoration of earlier geometry of tectonic fabrics; tectonics of intrusives with a high susceptibility to componental movement; and mechanical deformation and metamorphism of rocks. The general characteristics of grain-fabrics are also described. This monograph will be a useful resource for geologists and those working in the fields of mineralogy and petrography.

  • Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian–Nubian Shield

    Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, Volume 4 documents the proceedings of a Symposium on the exposure of Precambrian crystalline rocks on the borders of the Red Sea. This book is divided into five main topics— structure and evolution; metallogenesis; plutonic and volcanic rocks; stratigraphy; and ophiolites. In these topics, this text specifically discusses the sedimentary rocks and basins of the Arabian Shield and their evolution; gold deposits associated with the Jabal Ishmas-Wadi Tathlith fault zone; and Arabian Shield granite traverse. The tentative correlation of the Precambrian rock units of Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Egypt; geology and lithostratigraphy of the Arabian Desert orogenic belt of Egypt between latitudes 25° 35’ and 26° 30’ N; and comparison of the Bir Umq and Hamdah ultrabasic complexes are also deliberated. This text is a good reference for students and individuals interested in the Arabian-Nubian Shield.

  • Introduction to the Mechanics of the Solar System

    • 1st Edition
    • Rudolf Kurth
    • English
    Introduction to the Mechanics of the Solar System introduces the reader to the mechanics of the solar system and covers topics ranging from the periods of the planets to their flattening and its effects on the orbits of satellites. Kepler's three laws of planetary motion are also discussed, along with the law of gravity; the two-body problem; and perturbations in the motions of the moon and the planets. This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with an analysis of the kinematics of a single planet, focusing on the work of Johannes Kepler, particularly his determination of the orbits of the Earth and Mars and his formulation of his three laws of planetary motion. The following chapters explore systems of ordinary differential equations; determination of orbits using Laplace's method and Gauss' method; the equations of motion and their integrals; the perturbation equations of celestial mechanics; and Lagrange's solution of the three-body problem. The notations of the Earth and the moon are also considered. This monograph is intended for astronomers and astronomy students.

  • The Structure of the Earth's Crust

    Based on Seismic Data
    • 1st Edition
    • Stephan Mueller
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics 8: The Structure of the Earth's Crust Based on Seismic Data covers the papers presented at an International Upper Mantle Committee (lUMC) symposium called ""Crustal Structure Based on Seismic Data"", held on July 30-31, 1971. The book focuses on the structure, composition, and characteristics of the earth's crust. The selection first offers information on the crustal structure of Central and Southeastern Europe by data of explosion seismology; structure of the earth's crust on the territory of the U.S.S.R.; and seismic studies of low-velocity layers and horizontal inhomogeneities within the crust and upper mantle on the territory of the U.S.S.R. The text also takes a look at the deep seismic investigations in the Baikal rift zone and crust of the arctic seas of Eurasia. Discussions focus on peculiarities of crustal structure, structure of the uppermost mantle, and method of investigation. The publication takes a look at the crustal structure of Japan as derived from explosion seismic data; crustal structure in the Matsushiro earthquake swarm area; and Soviet seismic studies of the earth's crust in the Pacific Ocean during the International Upper Mantle Project. The selection is a dependable source of information for readers interested in the structure of the earth's crust.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 12
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 12-1981 covers articles in the areas of fluid mechanics and hydrology. The book presents articles on advances in cavitation research, applied stochastic theory of storage in evolution, and echohydrodynamics. The text also includes articles on the usefulness and the basic nature of the application of pattern recognition in the context of hydrologic data analysis. A summary of the Hydrologic Engineering Center's experience in water resources system simulation is also encompassed. The book will prove invaluable to hydrologists, practitioners handling the design and control of hydraulic structures and machinery, and engineers working in the water industry.

  • Advances in Irrigation

    Volume 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Daniel Hillel
    • English
    Advances in Irrigation, Volume 1 covers updated comprehensive elucidations of the various topics of contemporary interest and importance related to the rapidly advancing science and engineering practice of irrigation. The book presents articles on the conjunctive use of rainfall and irrigation in semiarid regions; the theory and the practical aspects of irrigation scheduling; and canopy temperature and crop water stress. The text also includes articles on the use of solute transport models to estimate salt balance below irrigated cropland; level-basin irrigation; as well as the applications of flow measurement flumes to irrigation water management. The principles, practices, and potentialities of trickle (drip) irrigation are also encompassed. Hydraulic engineers and people working in the field of irrigation will find the book useful.

  • Formulas and Calculations for Drilling, Production and Workover

    • 1st Edition
    • Norton J. Lapeyrouse
    • English
    This handy book gives you all the formulas and calculations you are likely to need in drilling operations. It is the most complete manual of its kind. Included are formulas for pressure gradient, specific gravity, pump output, annular velocity, and buoyancy factor. In addition, there are calculations for volume and stroke, slug weight, drill string design, cementing, depth of washout, bulk density of cuttings, and stuck pipe. Separate chapters deal with calculations for drilling fluids, pressure control, and engineering. Example calculations are provided throughout.Presented in easy-to-use, step-by-step order, Formulas and Calculations is a quick reference for day-to-day work out on the rig. It also serves as a handy study guide for drilling and well control certification courses.Virtually all the mathematics required out on the drilling rig is included here in one convenient source.

  • Elastic Analysis of Soil-Foundation Interaction

    • 1st Edition
    • A.P.S. Selvadurai
    • English
    Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 17: Elastic Analysis of Soil-Foundation Interaction focuses on the analysis of the interaction between structural foundations and supporting soil media. The publication first elaborates on soil-foundation interaction problems; idealized soil response models for the analysis of soil-foundation interaction; and plane-strain analysis of an infinite plate and an infinitely long beam. Discussions focus on three-dimensional effects in the infinite beam problem, elastic models of soil behavior, foundation and interface behavior, and elastic-plastic and time-dependent behavior of soil masses. The manuscript then ponders on the analysis of beams of finite length, axisymmetric three-dimensional problem of an infinite plate, and analysis of finite plates. Concerns cover axisymmetric loading of a circular plate, analysis of rectangular plates, axisymmetric three-dimensional problem of the infinite plate, modifications of the thin plate theory, finite beams on a two-parameter elastic medium, and finite beams on an elastic solid medium. The book tackles the determination of soil parameters, experimental investigations and field studies, as well as experimental investigations and field studies and measurement and interpretation of parameters encountered in the idealized soil models in relation to soil-foundation behavior. The publication is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the elastic analysis of soil-foundation interaction.

  • Thematic Mapping from Satellite Imagery

    An International Report
    • 1st Edition
    • J. Denègre
    • English
    This report, produced between 1984 and 1987 in a bilingual edition (English and French), provides a wealth of information on a wide variety of cartographic applications which are being developed to make effective use of new data that is now being collected by Earth observation satellites. At a time when natural resource development and environmental problems have to be taken into account in their entirety, satellites provide an exceptional means of evaluating, synthesizing and creating geographic information. The production of new images, such as the Landsat Thematic Mapper, the SPOT High Resolution Visible Sensor and the adoption meteorological images such as AVHRR sensors on NOAA satellites, which have been extended to thematic domains such as agriculture and glaciology, have led to many new developments as well as problems for the cartographer. These problems are numerous and varied and recur frequently depending on the images and themes being processed e.g. how to select the graphic specification of maps and legends and account for classification accuracy; how to introduce the minimum of topographical data into an image in order to supply users with an adequate geographic reference; when using a physical terrain image, on which, by definition there are no `blanks' and where no details have been eliminated, how to overcome conceptual difficulties e.g. the side by side placing of different semiological information; the interpretation levels left to reader; achieving a balance between objectivity and readability. Obviously the cartographers role is of prime importance in solving these problems. In order to illustrate the way in which this information is presented, the report provides samples from 33 thematic applications taken from 13 different categories, including agriculture, town planning and water resources. Each application is provided with a descriptive note both in English and French indicating the objective, method and results obtained. This volume provides an important record of current developments in thematic mapping from satellite imagery and should be essential reference for all cartographers.

  • Design and Construction of Mounds for Breakwaters and Coastal Protection

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 37
    • P. Bruun
    • English
    This is a comprehensive, detailed coverage of the subject indicated by the title, embracing all aspects from design criteria over design to construction. Basic wave research, wave structure interaction, hydrodynamics, hydraulics, modelling, solid mechanics, soil mechanics, materials execution, maintenance and equipment are all paid equal attention by highly experienced scientists, engineers and constructors in the field. It is a necessary acquisition for practical wave scientists as well as for technicians and engineers.

  • Remote Sensing and Mineral Exploration

    Proceedings of a Workshop of the Twenty-Second Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, Bangalore, India, 29 May to 9 June 1979
    • 1st Edition
    • W. D. Carter + 2 more
    • English
    Remote Sensing and Mineral Exploration contains the proceedings of the international workshop on remote sensing and mineral exploration, held in Bangalore, India in June 1979. The compendium is comprised of papers presented at the workshop and reflects the state of remote sensing in the field of geology and exploration for mineral and energy resources. The two-day conference serves as a platform for geologists and other experts in related fields to share experiences and research studies on the use of satellites and other remote sensing techniques in geologic mapping and mineral and energy exploration. Topics presented include, contributions of LANDSAT data to the geological survey of India; characteristics of the LANDSAT system and data for geologic applications; application of remote sensing techniques to petroleum exploration; and an automatic method of discriminating rock outcrops using LANDSAT data. Geologists, petroleum and mineral exploration experts, and researchers will find this book an interesting reading material.

  • Advances in Irrigation

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Daniel Hillel
    • English
    Advances in Irrigation, Volume 2 covers topics on the developments in the science and practice of irrigation. The book presents articles on irrigation scheduling and applied timing criteria; the problem of energy utilization and management in irrigation; and the relationship between irrigation requirements and crop response in terms of crop-water production functions. The text also includes articles on the development and prospects of irrigation in Australia, as well as the application of a plant-environment model to problems in irrigation. The economic analysis of on-farm irrigation using response functions of crops and irrigation scheduling based on a dynamic crop response model are also encompassed. Industrial engineers, agronomists, economists, agriculturists, hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, and agricultural engineers will find the book invaluable.

  • Gemmology

    • 1st Edition
    • P. G. Read
    • English
    Gemmology is a text for students preparing for the Gemmological Association's Preliminary and Diploma examinations. The book is more expansive and up-to-date than the author's earlier book, Beginner's Guide to Gemmology. The book deals with the practical and theoretical sides of gemmology. Tracing the background and science of gemmology, the book covers the gem material, geological formation, and occurrence of gemstones on the earth. The composition of gemstones from the atoms, elements, molecules, and compounds comprising them is analyzed, and the relationship between chemical composition and durability of the stone is explained. The basics of crystallography is mentioned as a tool toward understanding gemmology after which cleavage, parting, and fracture are done. A gemstone's durability and hardness and how the latter influences engineering tests and the mining techniques are compared. An important test technique to identify unmounted stones is the measure of specific gravity using displacement measurement methods and hydrostatic methods. After more descriptive details are given in identification of gemstones, whether these are synthetic or simulants, through a comprehensive explanation of the materials found in these other gemstones, the fashioning, through shaping or polishing, of gemstones is explained. Emphasis is given on the critical angle in which light rays pass in different rock densities, and then the cutting styles, gemstone polishing, and grading are discussed. Students studying for the Gemmological Association's Preliminary and Diploma examinations, jewelers, lapidarists, and diamond cutters, as well as those engaged in the hobby of gemmology, will find this book helpful and full of information toward their endeavors and hobbies.

  • Afrique de l'Ouest

    Introduction Géologique et Termes Stratigraphiques
    • 1st Edition
    • J.M. Bertrand + 2 more
    • J. Fabre
    • English

  • Recent Crustal Movements

    • 1st Edition
    • N. Pavoni + 1 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 9: Recent Crustal Movements covers the papers presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements, held in Zurich, Switzerland on August 26-31, 1974. The book focuses on geodetic investigations, geological-geomorpho... investigations, geophysical investigations, in-situ stress measurements/crustal stresses, seismotectonics/acti... faults, and plate tectonics/continenta... drift. The book first takes a look at tectonic-plate motions from lunar ranging and long baseline interferometry for centimeter accuracy geodetic measurements. Discussions focus on proposed transportable lunar laser ranging station; expected plate-motion measurements from present lunar-ranging stations; and pacific plate motion experiment. The text then ponders on precision electromagnetic distance-measuring instrument for determining secular strain and fault movement and deep in-situ stress measurements by hydrofracturing. The publication ponders on geotectonic relevance of rock-stress determinations, thermal runaway in the mantle and neotectonics, and data on plate tectonics of Alaska. The text also elaborates on geodetic surveys for monitoring crustal movements in the United States and determining earthquake recurrence intervals from deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments. The manuscript is a vital source of data for readers interested in crustal movements.

Related subjects