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Elsevier

Books in Psychology

Elsevier's Psychology collection is vital for students and psychologists, providing a thorough understanding of the mind and behavior. Covering human thought, development, personality, emotion, and motivation, it offers insights into both theoretical and practical aspects. Through topics like cognitive, developmental, and clinical psychology, it equips researchers and students to address real-world challenges and advance their understanding of the field.

  • State and Trait

    State and Trait
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • A. R. Smith + 1 more
    • English
    This third volume of Handbook of Human Performance addresses individual differences in human performance. The book considers both effects related to stable characteristics and those which are a product of either endogenous changes in state, or induced by task performance itself. It includes chapters on intelligence, demographic factors, extra version, and fatigue. Although a wide range of topics is covered, all contributions are linked in a consistent manner to human performance.

  • Study Guide to Accompany Physiological Psychology Brown/Wallace

    • 1st Edition
    • Patricia M. Wallace
    • English
    Study Guide to Accompany Physiological Psychology Brown/Wallace accompanies and supplements Brown and Wallace’s book on physiological psychology. This book discusses three key philosophical issues that provide a framework for the science of physiological psychology— mind-body problem, localization of function, and nature vs. nurture. Study and objective questions that include short answer essays, identification and definition of terms, fill-in-the-blanks, multiple choice, and matching questions are also provided to indicate the reader’s mastery of the chapters. Other topics covered include the axonal conduction, synaptic transmission, overview of the nervous system, and introduction to the senses and vision. The chemical senses, somatosensory and vestibular systems, motor system of the brain, and sexual behavior are also elaborated. This text likewise deliberates the biological rhythms and sleep and plasticity in the nervous system. This publication is valuable to students taking an introductory course in behavioral science or biology.

  • The Rise and Fall of National Test Scores

    • 1st Edition
    • Gilbert R. Austin + 1 more
    • English
    The Rise and Fall of National Test Scores examines, in some depth, the nature of test score changes over an extended period of time and in a broad range of subject matters and levels of schooling. The book contains chapters contributed by experts on various aspects of educational tests and score interpretation and uses. The text discusses the interpretations of trends in college admissions test scores and questions about the post-admission performance of ethnic minority students. The book examines general school achievement trends of high school students and the trends observed in broad-based testing programs of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The complexities involved in obtaining dependable data with which to make informed judgments about reading achievement trends are examined. The text further tackles the positive and negative trends in academic achievement in Science with particular emphasis on the effects of curriculum revision; as well as the problems of mathematics testing. The book then describes test score trends and problems in Great Britain and Ireland, with attention given to the similarities and differences of those countries and the United States. Educators, researchers, political leaders, and informed, interested laymen will find the book invaluable.

  • Genetic Counselling

    Psychological Dimensions
    • 1st Edition
    • Seymour Kessler
    • English
    Genetic Counseling: Psychological Dimensions deals with the psychosocial aspects of genetic counseling, specifically the various issues and processes involved. This book is based on two premises: first, genetic counseling deals with human behavior and psychological functioning; and second, a strong kinship exists between genetic counseling and other areas of personal counseling. The book is organized into two major sections. The initial chapters focus on principles of genetic counseling, with an attempt to integrate these with specific counseling practices. The second section consists of eight chapters dealing with representative genetic disorders. This book, therefore, is of importance to all who deal with genetic problems and engage in genetic counseling, regardless of their background or specialty.

  • Progress in Behavior Modification

    Volume 7
    • 1st Edition
    • Michel Hersen + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 7 covers developments in the study of behavior modification. The book discusses the assessment of sexual arousal in women; the behavioral theory, research, and treatment of male exhibitionism; and behavioral medicine. The text also describes the behavioral approaches to fear in dental settings; the status of flooding therapy; and the developments in behavior therapy for depression. A review on behavioral training of social skills is also considered. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and educators will find the book invaluable.

  • Growing Up to Be Violent

    A Longitudinal Study of the Development of Aggression
    • 1st Edition
    • Monroe M. Lefkowitz + 2 more
    • Arnold P. Goldstein + 1 more
    • English
    Growing Up to be Violent: A Longitudinal Study of the Development of Aggression deals with the study of psychosocial development concerning aggressive behavior in third-grade schoolchildren and their upbringing. The design of the study is longitudinal—a follow-up research has been made when the children reached the twelfth grade. The book explains that certain child-rearing practices and some environmental factors can be predictors of aggressive behavior during young adulthood. The text also reviews the various theories of aggression including the theory of innate aggressiveness and the social learning of aggression. The book discusses the roots of aggression, the four classes of environmental variables (instigators, punishment, identification, sociocultural variables), as well as, sex differences and perinatal complications in aggression. The book addresses the effects of television in the development of aggressive behavior: that television can incite aggression and present certain ways of practicing aggressiveness. The book points that young adults who were intelligent, popular and polite as young children have positive social position as young adults. This book can prove insightful for psychiatrists, psychologists, behavioral scientists, child educators, students or professors in psychology, and for parents of young children.

  • Toward a Structural Theory of Action

    Network Models of Social Structure, Perception and Action
    • 1st Edition
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Toward a Structural Theory of Action: Network Models of Social Structure, Perception, and Action centers on the concept of social structure, perceptions, and actions, as well as the strategies through which these concepts guide empirical research. This book also proposes a model of status/role-sets as patterns of relationships defining positions in the social topology. This text consists of nine chapters separated into three parts. Chapter 1 introduces the goals and organization of the book. Chapters 2-4 provide analytical synopsis of available network models of social differentiation, and then use these models in describing actual stratification. Chapter 5 presents a model in which actor interests are captured. Subsequent chapter assesses the empirical adequacy of the two predictions described in this book. Then, other chapters provide a network model of constraint and its empirical adequacy. This book will be valuable to anthropologists, economists, political scientists, and psychologists.

  • Towards the Elimination of Racism

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Phyllis A. Katz
    • English
    Towards the Elimination of Racism reviews the information gained from previous studies that tackle racist attitudes and examines the possible direction of future research that tackle racism. The main emphasis of the selection is on finding ways to change negative racial attitudes. The book first details the trends of research in racial prejudice, and then proceeds to discussing the theories of prejudice acquisition and reduction. Next, the title reviews several studies that deal with attitude and behavior change. In the last part, the text tackles the role of various institutions in addressing the problem of racism. The book will be of great use to researchers and practitioners of behavioral science and its related disciplines, such as sociology, anthropology, and philosophy.

  • Feeling and Hurting

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward C. Carterette + 1 more
    • English
    Handbook of Perception, Volume VIB: Feeling and Hurting, deals with the perceptual aspects of feeling and pain. The book opens with a discussion of the history of research on feeling. This is followed by separate chapters on the biophysics and psychophysics of feeling; phylogenetic development of feeling; and role of different cerebral structures in somesthetic perception. Subsequent chapters deal with concepts in pain research; the neural mechanisms of pain; perceptual aspects of pain; and human pathological pain.

  • The Wechsler Enterprise

    An Assessment of the Development, Structure and Use of the Wechsler Tests of Intelligence
    • 1st Edition
    • G. Frank
    • H.J. Eysenck
    • English
    This is a unique work which is the culmination of the author's many years of experience in the use of the Wechsler tests in clinical assessments and as a teacher of their use. In his research, he has questioned the validity of the hypotheses used to explain the meaning of Wechsler data and the heuristic value of Wechsler data in clinical assessment. This book traces the history and development of the tests and reflects on their psychometric qualities and clinical utility. A challenging work, it asks clinicians to examine some of their most cherished hypotheses regarding the use of these tests in clinical assessment.

  • The Structural Approach in Psychological Testing

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Marvin L. Kaplan + 2 more
    • Arnold P. Goldstein + 1 more
    • English
    The Structural Approach in Psychological Testing covers the basic concepts for various types of personality or for the specific relationships of treatment possibilities to personality disturbances. The book describes the structural approach in psychological evaluation and its relation to developments in psychology in general and clinical psychology; the psychoanalytic foundations of the structural theory; and structural concepts in test analysis and personality description. The text also discusses the structural concepts to schizophrenia in developing the theoretical framework of schizophrenia as faulty ego synthesis, as well as the structural approach using case materials. The vacillation between reality and psychosis and the system of warding off confusion are also encompassed.

  • Progress in Behavior Modification

    Volume 18
    • 1st Edition
    • Michel Hersen + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 18 covers the developments in behavior modification. The book discusses the behavioral analysis of chronic pain and its management; controlled drinking; and the research and applications in behavioral community psychology. The text also describes the physical, social, and programmatic context of behavior; the behavioral assessment and management of pediatric pain; and self-reinforcement by children. The advances in behavioral approaches to adolescent health care are also considered. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and pediatricians will find the book invaluable.

  • Patterns of Emotions

    A New Analysis of Anxiety and Depression
    • 1st Edition
    • Carrolle E. Izard
    • English
    Patterns of Emotions: A New Analysis of Anxiety and Depression provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of anxiety and depression phenomena experienced in some degree by everyone and in crippling intensity by many. This book is a sequel to The Face of Emotion (Izard, 1971), which presented a general conceptual framework for the study of the personality, a theory of the emotions, and evidence for the universality of the fundamental emotions of interest, joy, surprise, distress, anger, disgust, contempt, shame, and fear. The book defines the problems of anxiety and depression, in the framework of differential emotion theory, as combinations or patterns of interacting fundamental emotions and bodily feelings. The differential emotion theory of anxiety and depression is compared with psychoanalytic theory, cognitive theory, and biogenetic theory. A number of studies are presented which support the differential emotion analysis of anxiety and depression. The book also presents studies of various life situations in which a particular fundamental emotion is dominant. What has been found repeatedly is that, in each such situation, the dominant emotion occurs in a pattern of dynamically related fundamental emotions. The patterns for a variety of commonly experienced and universal emotion situations are presented and discussed.

  • The Methods and Materials of Demography

    • 1st Edition
    • Henry S. Shryock
    • English
    Like the original two-volume work, this work attempts to present a systematic and comprehensive exposition, with illustrations, of the methods used by technicians and research workers in dealing with demographic data. The book is concerned with how data on population are gathered, classified, and treated to produce tabulations and various summarizing measures that reveal the significant aspects of the composition and dynamics of populations. It sets forth the sources, limitations, underlying definitions, and bases of classification, as well as the techniques and methods that have been developed for summarizing and analyzing the data.

  • Laboratory Experience in Psychology

    A First Term's Work
    • 1st Edition
    • B. Babington Smith
    • G. P. Meredith
    • English
    Laboratory Experience in Psychology: A First Terms Work focuses on experimental psychology, which demonstrates a pragmatic, empirical approach that is endlessly adaptable to varying circumstances in determining human experience and through which the information governing human behavior is deciphered. The topics discussed in this book include the demonstrations and eyewitness accounts: fidelity of report; serial reproduction and the assessment of changes of meaning; control or exclusion of meaning; getting beneath recognition; and “weight,” a study of physical and perceptual dimensions. The “extent” and “density,” a paradigm of perceptual learning; “length” and the development of a frame of reference; and discussion and findings are also deliberated in this text. This publication is valuable to students and researchers conducting work in the psychological field.

  • Sexual Attraction

    • 1st Edition
    • Mark Cook + 1 more
    • English
    Sexual Attraction explores different sides of mutual attraction between the sexes, especially why individuals are attracted to some people and not others who may themselves be generally well liked. This book also considers how sexual attraction is communicated to both people in a social encounter and argues that there is a strong but often disregarded prejudice against those who are physically unattractive. This monograph is comprised of eight chapters and opens with a discussion on sexual arousal in humans and its parallels with animal (particularly primate) behavior. The next chapter examines the process whereby we come to see others as beautiful and (sometimes) sexually desirable and how even very young children come to value looks. Examples of the privileges that the physically attractive are likely to enjoy in the classroom and the courtroom are given. The following chapters analyze the idea that we may not always make very accurate judgments about each other in relation to sexual behavior; popular misconceptions about personality and sexual behavior; how people behave towards each other during longer interaction sequences such as courtship and seduction; and the role of personality and behavior in attraction. The final chapter considers how physical attractiveness might be separated in people's minds from sexual attractiveness and social success. This text will be of interest to sociologists and psychologists.

  • The Psychology of Nonviolence

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Leroy H. Pelton
    • Arnold P. Goldstein + 1 more
    • English
    The Psychology of Nonviolence explores in a psychological perspective the meaning of nonviolence, particularly its philosophy, strategy, and implications. This book reports scientific evidence often based on experiments performed in accordance with the rules of experiments as the subject matter permits. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an explanation of the concepts of violence and nonviolence. Subsequent chapters explain the cognitive dynamics, as well as the power of nonviolence and information. The nonviolent protest, moral and practical bases of noncooperation, forms of noncooperation, and reconciliation are discussed. This text also shows the means and ends in nonviolence, including confronting some criticisms, preventive nonviolence and noncooperation in foreign policy, and peace. This book represents an instance of the explicit injection of values into social science.

  • Psychological Stress

    Psychoanalytic and Behavioral Studies of Surgical Patients
    • 1st Edition
    • Irving L. Janis
    • English
    Psychological Stress: Psychoanalytic and Behavioral Studies of Surgical Patients attempts to present as complete a picture as possible of the psychological aspects of surgery. The primary purpose is to highlight the theoretical implications by conveying what has been learned concerning the dynamics of human adjustment to stressful life events. It also draws attention to some of the main practical implications with respect to three important types of problems : (a) the formulation of policies of medical management which take account of the psychological needs of sick people; (b) the improvement of diagnostic procedures relevant for predicting high or low stress tolerance; and (c) the development of effective methods of psychological preparation which could be widely applied as part of a mental health program designed to reduce the disruptive emotional impact of many different types of potential disasters. The book is organized into two parts. Part I formulates a large number of propositions concerning the dynamics of stress behavior. These propositions generally deal with the causes and consequences of various types of emotional reactions and adjustment mechanisms that are frequently activated when people are exposed to severe environmental threats, dangers, or deprivations. Part II focuses on two reaction variables which appear to be of fundamental importance in adjustment to stress: (a) fear of body damage, as manifested by verbalized attitudes of apprehensiveness, overt signs of emotional tension, and overt attempts to execute protective actions; and (b) externalized anger, as manifested by verbalized attitudes of resentment toward persons in the immediate environment outbursts of rage, and overt acts of opposition or resistanceto the demands of danger-control personnel.

  • An Outline of Psychology as Applied to Medicine

    • 2nd Edition
    • John Weinman
    • English
    An Outline of Psychology as Applied to Medicine presents an extensive examination of medicine in relation to psychology. It discusses the pathologies of perception. It addresses studies in the human information processing. Some of the topics covered in the book are the brain mechanisms and behavior; pathologies of perception; psychophysiology of emotion; nature of stress; intelligence tests and their clinical applications; improving intellectual abilities using compensatory education; hemisphere differences in function; and personality differences in response to illness and treatment. The definition and description of factors influencing child development are fully covered. An in-depth account of the factors influencing the behavior of patients and doctors are provided. The general characteristics of human problem solving are completely presented. A chapter is devoted to psychosocial aspects of hospitalization. Another section focuses on the stressful medical procedures in hospitals. The book can provide useful information to psychologists, doctors, students, and researchers.

  • The Psycho-Analytical Process

    • 1st Edition
    • Donald Meltzer
    • English
    The Psycho-Analytical Process started as a series of lecture-seminars to child psychotherapists shortly after the death of British psychoanalyst Melanie Klein in 1960. It is intended for the use of practicing analysts and as a contribution to a new and widespread interest in the analytical process. This book was published under the auspices of the Melanie Klein Trust. This book is organized into two main sections. Section I provides a vivid reference to the transactions of the consulting room and playroom in order to evoke in the reader the experience of being both a patient and analyst. Section II which deals with the analyst's task and functions and uses clinical material to illustrate aspects of psychoanalysis presented in Section I. This book will be of interest to student psychotherapists, students of child analysis, the analysts and students of the Argentinian Psycho-analytical Society and finally with a research seminar of student and graduate child analysts.

  • Environmental Design and Human Behavior

    A Psychology of the Individual in Society
    • 1st Edition
    • Leonard Krasner
    • English
    Environmental Design and Human Behavior: A Psychology of the Individual in Society outlines the fundamental principles that govern the concept of environmental design in the context of human behavior. The first part of the text deals with theorecal and historical influences of environmental design, along with the ethical and value context. The selection also covers methods for assessments of environment and interactionists approach to environmental design. The next part details the application of environmental design; this part tackles topics such as environmental design in the classroom; designing an ""ideal"" classroom; and implementation process and personal experience. The book will be of great use to behavioral scientists, sociologists, community health and social workers, and professionals involved in the designing of environment, such as city planners.

  • Psychology in Australia

    Achievements & Prospects
    • 1st Edition
    • Mary Nixon + 1 more
    • English
    Psychology in Australia: Achievements & Prospects is an assessment of the achievements and prospects of the field of psychology in Australia. Issues related to teaching and research are examined, and research areas that are flourishing, as well as those that are floundering or neglected, are highlighted. The main emphasis is on fields of endeavor in which psychology is applied to individual, social, and organizational issues. This book is comprised of 22 chapters and begins with an introduction to the first phases of teaching and practice of psychology in Australia, followed by a historical overview of applied psychology in the country. Subsequent chapters explore the influence of culture on Australian psychology; psychological research in universities and colleges, in clinical and counseling psychology, and in health education; and the training and education of psychologists in Australia. Some applications of psychology are also discussed, along with private practice in Australian psychology. The final chapter focuses on Australian psychologists in the world context. This monograph should be of interest to students and general readers as well as to psychologists themselves.

  • Elementary Statistics

    A Workbook
    • 1st Edition
    • K. Hope
    • G. P. Meredith
    • English
    Elementary Statistics: A Workbook serves as a guide to elementary statistics. This book presents the various mathematical symbols used in the calculation of mean and variance. Comprised of seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the definition of several terms, including mean, variance, deviation score, sigma, and deviation score squared. This text then explores the method of calculation of the product-moment correlation coefficient r. Other chapters describe the analysis of variance, which provides us with one of the most effective ways of testing hypotheses. This book discusses as well the common assumption analysis of variance, which makes three assumptions that are not made by some other statistical methods. The final chapter deals with the importance of correlation coefficients and explains the analysis of the correlation matrix, which is only a shortcut to the analysis of the standardized score matrix. This book is a valuable resource for students, teachers, statisticians, and mathematicians.

  • Too Much Invested to Quit

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Allan I. Teger
    • English
    Too Much Invested to Quit focuses on the applications of paradigms in the resolution of international relations, taking as backdrop issues in marriage, labor disputes, and price wars. The manuscript first offers information on the dollar auction game, a simple game that can be employed in large groups or in laboratory situations. Studies on economic and interpersonal motives when bidding against a deck of cards; sex differences and effects of team bidding; and effects of experience on the length of auction are discussed. The text also focuses on the stages of escalation and physiological and personality correlates of escalation. Topics include effects of resources on the length of auction; physiology as a dependent measure; physiology as an independent manipulation; and personality and the dollar auction. The publication explains the dollar auction and study of conflict escalation, as well as study and theories of escalation; the dollar auction and the Vietnam War; limit setting in warfare; and price warfare. The book also takes a look at real life and the dollar auction. Considerations include generalized dollar auction game and industrial bargaining, strikes, work stoppages, and divorce. The manuscript is a dependable source of reference for readers interested in the use of paradigms in the resolution of international relations.

  • Current Concepts and Emerging Trends in Attentional and Behavioral Disorders of Childhood

    Current Concepts and Emerging Trends in Attentional and Behavioral Disorders of Childhood
    • 1st Edition
    • L.M. Bloomingdale + 1 more
    • English
    This book presents the Proceedings of the Fourth High Point Hospital Symposium on Attention Deficit Disorder. This symposium was characterised by both current and retrospective reviews of several existing research programs in ADD, and focused on the very recent history of ADD, paralleling the thrust towards preeminence of the clinical neurosciences. The format of the Symposium was designed to link emerging trends in the area to their immediate historical background. Several young researchers were invited to give their status reports on their current research programs. Each of these individuals was also asked to nominate a mentor, who had exerted a career directing influence, to comment on the status report. Taken together, these presentations, along with the retrospective commentaries of the mentors will give the reader a comprehensive breakdown of the ADD field.

  • Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology

    Volume 3
    • 1st Edition
    • Charles D. Spielberger
    • English
    Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology, Volume 3 covers new approaches to the treatment of emotional disorders. The book discusses the use of imagery, fantasy, and daydream techniques in psychotherapy; the psychosocial-behavio... model for therapeutic intervention; and theory and research on family therapy. The text describes the use of information feedback as a method of clinical intervention and consultation; the need for psychologists who work with minority groups (i.e. black community); as well as the epidemiology and prognosis of psychiatric disorders in the naval service. Community psychologists, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and students taking related courses will find the book useful.

  • The Psychology of Childhood to Maturity

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Guilfoyle Williams
    • English
    The Psychology of Childhood to Maturity covers the significant discoveries made in process of applying psychology to the problems of life and the so-called “art of living”. This 20-chapter text begins with an examination of the formation of the character in the infant. The next chapters deal with the wider aspects of education and of mid training during childhood and later life. These chapters review some of the mind training and mental health cases, such as worries, lack of concentration and mind wandering, irritability, depression, anxiety, and faulty memory. These topics are followed by discussions of the various problems common to nearly all human beings, with a particular emphasis on the period of adolescence. Other chapters explore the influence of sex elements, gender differences, love, and marriage on mental outlook. The last chapters consider the influence of religion and the problems of delinquency and death. This book will be of value to psychologists, psychiatrists, and researchers.

  • Research in Verbal Behavior and Some Neurophysiological Implications

    • 1st Edition
    • Kurt Salzinger + 1 more
    • English
    Research in Verbal Behavior and Some Neurophysiological Implications focuses on varied approaches to the study of language, including verbal behavior in animals, mimicry, linguistics, and verbal satiation. The selection first offers information on verbal behavior in animals and dolphin's vocal mimicry as a unique ability and a way toward understanding. The book also ponders on the problem of response class in verbal behavior and verbal operant conditioning and awareness. Discussions focus on state of the organism as a determinant of response class, topography of response, common stimulus, and common effect. The publication takes a look at a behavioral basis for the polarity principle in linguistics, acquisition of grammar by children, and interdependencies of the bilingual's two languages. The manuscript also elaborates on verbal satiation and exploration of meaning relations and grammatical indicants of speaking style in normal and aphasic speakers. The selection is highly recommended for readers wanting to study verbal behavior.

  • The Human Quality

    • 1st Edition
    • A. Peccei
    • English
    An autobiographical statement of the author's belief in the global approach to development and world problems. How can the human species survive the crisis of its own extraordinary techno-scientific success? In this truly unique book Aurelio Peccei shows us that the solution cannot be found in external factors. It must lie in re-establishing a sound cultural balance within man himself so that he becomes capable of living in harmony with the new human condition and changed world environment. Only by a cultural revolution which changes the human quality can we control and orient the material revolutions. Aurelio Peccei's distinguished career in industry, conservation, international affairs and as a counsellor on major world problems needs little introduction. He was a founder-member of the Club of Rome in 1968 and has been a member of its Executive Committee ever since. Inevitably he draws upon his wisdom and experience to highlight the arguments in his book

  • Facets of Dyslexia and its Remediation

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • S.F. Wright + 1 more
    • English
    Developmental Dyslexia has been a subject of interest to practitioners for more than a century. Despite its long research history, however, dyslexia (the terms specific reading disability, reading disability and learning disability are also used interchangeably in this volume) still provides a challenge for contemporary cognitive psychology, education, neurology and physiology. By bringing together contributions from researchers and scholars working in a wide range of fields and perspectives, it is hoped that this publication will offer a means of considering different facets of dyslexia, and enable a greater understanding of reading disorders and their remediation to emerge.The book is divided into eight major sections, the focus in each section being on a different facet of dyslexia. It is hoped this framework enables the reader to assimilate the wide range of pure and applied research and even give rise to a new perspective for the understanding of dyslexia.

  • Aspects of Motion Perception

    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
    • 1st Edition
    • Paul A. Kolers
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology, Volume 16: Aspects of Motion Perception details the fundamental concepts of the visual system perception of motion. The text first details the various findings about illusory and veridical motions along with the theories conceptualized from those findings. Next, the selection covers the research that studies the reliability and validity of the theories about motion perception. The book also discusses the importance of two-component model of motion perception. The last chapter covers the characteristics of the status of perceptual experiences. The book will be of great use to behavioral scientists and biologists. Ophthalmologists will also benefit from the text.

  • Transvestism

    A Handbook with Case Studies for Psychologists, Psychiatrists and Counsellors
    • 1st Edition
    • Harry Brierley
    • English
    Transvestism: A Handbook with Case Studies for Psychologists, Psychiatrists and Counsellors presents the rapid change in social attitudes towards so-called sexual problems. This book provides an understanding of the transvestite, transsexual, and homosexual as whole people characterized by the array of their talents and deficiencies rather than by the nature of their sexuality alone. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the classic study of the genetics of homosexuality. This text then examines the importance of self-help societies for transvestites in various countries. Other chapters consider the role of sexual need in human development. This book discusses as well the psychodynamic theories based on the principle that all human behavior is primarily sexual. The final chapter deals with the classification of cross-dressing and the uneasy state of sexual non-conformity. This book is a valuable resource for psychiatrists, psychologists, counsellors, and clinical researchers. Transvestites, transsexuals, and homosexuals will also find this book useful.

  • Psychology of Human Movement

    • 1st Edition
    • Mary M. Smyth + 1 more
    • English
    The Psychology of Human Movement is a collection of papers dealing with experimental work involving psychology, kinesiology, physical education, and neurophysiology. These papers have as their central theme, the higher order, organizational processes contributing to coordinated goal-directed movement. These papers discuss theories in motor neurophysiology, voluntary control of simple aim movements, memory for movement, perception and action, sequencing of movements, and the demands made by movement on information-processi... resources. Other papers deal with the changes that result from the organization and execution of movement in training, physical development, or damage occurring in the central nervous system. The latter papers give weight to the hypothesis that any studies in movement, action, and skill should cover a wider range of data, and not only from studies of "normal" adult subjects. One paper explains skills acquisition in terms of the changes in the way the nervous system is organized, the changes due to practice, to interactions with the environment, and to the development of the cognitive system of the individual. Another paper notes that movement is the result of the operation of a set of underlying processes where each process has its own distinct function. This collection can be useful for undergraduate physical education or physical therapy students, and those studying psychology in areas of motor behavior and human movement.

  • Test File to Accompany Essentials of Psychology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Sarah Rundle
    • English

  • Behavioural Psychotherapy in Primary Care

    A Practice Manual
    • 1st Edition
    • Tom Carnwath + 1 more
    • English
    Behavioural Psychotherapy in Primary Care: A Practice Manual describes techniques suitable for treating the majority of problems commonly found in this setting which are amenable to psychological treatment. The book serves as a practice manual, and discusses techniques in behavioral analysis, problem-solving, working with families, skills training, relaxation, exposure, stimulus and reinforcement control, paradoxical prescriptions, and cognitive therapies. The assessment and treatment strategies for depression; phobias and obsessive disorders; anxiety; sexual dysfunction; obesity; alcohol abuse; smoking; and insomnia are considered. The text also describes behavioral medicine; illness behavior; and treatment adherence. Psychotherapists, psychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, social workers, health visitors and counselors will find the manual invaluable.

  • Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • James M. Sprague + 1 more
    • English
    Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology: Volume 11 is a collection of studies that discuss certain topics in behavioral neuroscience from different experts in the field. The book is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 discusses palatability of food as a response measure. Chapter 2 tackles the trigeminal system; trigeminal orosensation and ingestive reflexes; and the relationship of trigeminal denervation and operant behavior. Chapter 3 talks about the role of the stomach in the process of satiety, and Chapter 4 covers functional organization of X-, W-, and Y-cell pathways.

  • The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation

    • 1st Edition
    • Jeffrey Z. Rubin + 1 more
    • English
    The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation focuses on the integrative survey of work done in social psychology on the processes of negotiation and bargaining. The publication first takes a look at bargaining relationship, an overview of social psychological approaches to the study of bargaining, and the social components of bargaining structure. Discussions focus on the number of parties involved in the bargaining exchange, factors affecting bargaining effectiveness, structural and social psychological characteristics of bargaining relationships, and availability of third parties. The text then examines the issue components of bargaining structure and bargainers as individuals, including individual differences in personality and background, interpersonal orientation, issue incentive magnitude and reward structure, and intangible issues in bargaining. The book ponders on social influence and influence strategies and interdependence. Topics include motivational orientation, parameters of interdependence in bargaining, overall pattern of moves and countermoves, and appeals and demands. The publication is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the social psychology of bargaining and negotiation.

  • Anxiety

    Psychological Perspectives on Panic and Agoraphobia
    • 1st Edition
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    This volume analyses the perplexing and often disabling form of distress known as anxiety from a psychological rather than a biomedical perspective, illustrating the rich contribution that psychological theory has made and is making to this topic.**The first section extensively examines the clinical literature, describing and delineating with case examples the cluster of characteristic features termed panic-anxiety. Research findings in other clinical areas such as alcohol dependence are shown to have conceptual and empirical links with panic-anxiety. The second section of the book reviews and evaluates the main theoretical approaches to anxiety, including specific models of panic and agoraphobia, challenging many traditional assumptions and advocating the analysis of anxiety as a socially constructed meaning imposed on experience rather than a theoretical concept or psychopathological state. The methodological implications are discussed and a schematic model of panic-anxiety is proposed.**The theoretical integration represents a major contribution to the resurgence of interest in this field and will be of relevance to all researchers and postgraduate students within the mental health professions.**FROM THE PREFACE: This book has two main objectives. The first is to describe a dimension of psychological distress I have called panic-anxiety. This takes up the first part of the book, which surveys literature that is primarily descriptive and psychiatric. The second objective is pursued in the second part of the book, in which I examine a large number of theories of anxiety to see what they might have to offer in explaining the panic-anxiety cluster of complaints. I am therefore concerned to apply psychological theory to a real-world problem, that is, to what people who seek professional help loosely describe as panic, anxiety and fears of public situations.**The theoretical and experimental literature on anxiety is so vast that I have had to be disciplined and in no small measure prejudiced in favour of a particular theoretical perspective. I have attempted as far as possible to treat anxiety as a lay construct, that is, as a social construction and not a scientific concept. For this reason, I have endeavoured to refer to reports of anxiety or to complaints of anxiety in order to avoid the common tendency to reify anxiety as a an entity which exists independently of the social origins of the term. Accordingly, I believe that the relevant question to ask is not, What is anxiety? but, What are the antecedents of reports (or complaints) of anxiety?**It is intended that this book should provide a coherent perspective on a common form of psychological distress, of value to therapists, researchers and students of abnormal psychology. In many ways, the problems for which people seek help do not define 'natural' areas of scientific research, and so it is difficult to combine theoretical and practical interests in one book. The complaints with which I am particularly concerned--panic and fears of public places--can be analysed to reveal scientific questions which have a significance much wider than the explanation of particular complaints made to professionals working in a clinical context. Apart from its obvious social significance, a clinical area is therefore simply a point of departure for scientific investigation. My intention, then, is to use this clinical area as an illustration of how such problems might be tackled from a theoretical perspective which is essentially psychological.**The theoretical position I have adopted owes much to the views of Sarbin (1964, 1968), Mandler (1975) and Averill (1980a,b). In taking anxiety to be a lay construct, I assume that the 'What is?' questions rightly belong to the sociology of knowledge. Of course, the applied psychologist also has substantive issues to consider. For example, How can this individual be helped to report calmness rather than anxiety? or, How can that individual be helped to travel freely on public transport? I suggest that the most positive contribution a social constructivist position has to offer is to dissuade researchers from regarding these real-life problems as reflecting an underlying emotion of anxiety, or, even less helpful, an anxiety disorder.**Biologica... and medical research on anxiety is also considered in this light. Reductive biological and pathological hypotheses are rejected, but an attempt is made to integrate the biological aspects at a higher level of analysis. For this reason, the book differs from others which tend to confine themselves to a description and explanation of postulated disorders or syndromes. Because the emphasis of this book is essentially conceptual, there is relatively little discussion of assessment and therapy, apart from a general critique of current approaches.**Most experiences described as fear or anxiety in an everyday context have an identifiable source or object. When these experiences are reported as unbearably intense or lead to the avoidance of various situations, they are generally referred to as phobias. In the past 20 years there has been a considerable advance in the technology of reducing and eliminating unwanted phobias. The new methods of imaginal and real-life confrontation are successful in the majority of cases when anxiety is reported in connection with specific eliciting stimuli. The same success cannot be claimed for methods of dealing with complaints of anxiety that appear to be unrelated to identifiable circumstances. In one form of these complaints, a person may suddenly feel overwhelmed by unpleasant sensations which are usually described as a panic attack. Panic and other complaints of anxiety which are perceived as irrational form the principal interest of this book. A second major concern is the problem of fears of public places, often referred to as agoraphobia. Typically, the person who complains of these fears is unable to leave the home unaccompanied, although travel by car, a 'safe' environment, is usually possible. Although agoraphobia is tied to situations, the fear is not reported to be about these situations but is usually expressed as a fear of experiencing a panic attack in these situations. As I will argue, fears of public situations appear to be associated with panic and complaints of anxiety of a nonspecific kind.**FROM THE FOREWORD: This book is a welcome addition to a growing literature that treats perplexing and sometimes disabling conduct from a psychological rather than a biomedical perspective. It is one of an increasing number of treatises that boldly assume that psychological events may be studied in their own right without reducing the phenomena to biological or mentalistic categories. Among other topics, Hallam critically reviews the clinical and experimental work on self-reported anxiety, panic and agoraphobia. He demonstrates with considerable force the disutility of the traditional practice of assigning such phenomena to a world of disordered minds.**Anxiety has been employed as a key concept in many psychoanalytic and psychological theories. Before its use as a theoretical construct, anxiety was a lay construct, a metaphor invented to communicate about vaguely perceived and poorly understood sensory experience. This lay construct, or metaphor, was metonymically transformed by certain theorists seeking a universal intervening variable to account for puzzling conduct. That is to say, the theorists transfigured anxiety to a cause from its original use as a metaphor for effects of interpersonal actions and physiological responses. As a staple of biomedical research and practice, anxiety is a reified metaphor. One of the results of the uncritical use of the reified metaphor was the creation of such unproductive diagnostic categories as anxiety neurosis, anxiety hysteria and anxiety state. Hallam's review of research and practice makes abundantly clear that this metaphor-to-myth transformation has little utility, either as a heuristic for research or as a model for therapy.**Many lessons are to be learned from this book, not the least of which is the demonstration that the lay construct, anxiety, is multireferential. When a clinician asks a client for referents for such complaints as, 'I am anxious' (or 'panicky' or 'agoraphobic'), the client's response is drawn from a limitless pool of vague and ambiguous descriptors. Examples of the interpretations offered by clients include such diverse referents as 'I had the feeling I was about to die', 'I was suffocating, gasping for air', 'My legs became rubbery', 'I was about to faint', 'My brain was racing ahead of my thought', and so on.**From Hallam's detailed analysis of the multireferential nature of anxiety complaints, one could formulate the following rule for praxis: When a client employs 'anxiety' or a similar descriptor in his or her self-report, regard it as metaphoric utterance, not as a statement that demands causal analysis. The metaphoric utterance, that is, the complaint, is a social construction whose building blocks include the client's beliefs, linguistic skills, purposes and concurrent existential or identity problems.**Another lesson to be learned from this book is the continuity of anxiety complaints as reported in clinical settings with those of persons who do not come to the attention of professional helpers. Such continuity is an argument against the identification of anxiety complaints as a psychiatric disorder. For example, the fear of strange places may be universal and not restricted to a clinical population if the definition of strange places is broad enough.**The author holds that the client, like the rest of us, constructs his or her world from perceptions, beliefs, imaginings and rememberings. Thus anxiety is a construction, and it is communicated to others (and to the self) with the aid of metaphoric and metonymic translations. This constructivist view is fast displacing the entrenched biomedical view that treats human beings as passive reactors to stimuli according to still-to-be discovered mechanistic laws. Metaphors drawn from physics, geology and technology, so tightly woven into the texture of the mechanistic world view, have lost the power to stimulate meaningful research and theory about the complexities of human action. As a result, social scientists are turning to humanistic disciplines for their working metaphors, among them, game playing, narrative, drama and rhetoric.**The use of such descriptive metaphors reflects a world view that is in sharp contrast to the mechanistic world view that has dominated scientific thought, including that of psychology and psychiatry, for so long. Contextualism is the name assigned to this alternative world view, and its root metaphor is the historical act. Among other things, this root metaphor entails that the actors who participate in the creation of historical acts are agents. They engage in intentional actions not only to solve problems of a practical nature, but also to maintain or enhance their identities. Toward this end, they construct their worlds. Some constructions provide the backdrop for personal drama, one outcome of which may be the self-report of anxiety. Another element of the contextualist metaphysic is that change and novelty, rather than invariance, are to be expected.**Hallam's critical review of the scientific literature on anxiety and emotion supports the conclusion that the failure of modern science to formulate a general theory of anxiety is traceable to the slavish (and often unrecognized) adherence to the biomedical model. The users of this model seek causality within the organism, either in the somatic networks or in the assumed mind-space. It is not an inappropriate strategy, given their stance that the objects of their attention are regarded as passive, not as active agents. The supporters of the biomedical model have failed to achieve a consistently workable theory as a basis for therapy because human beings are, in fact, agents. Thus, a clinican who reads this book and elects to apply its wisdom would not address a person's complaint of anxiety with the question, What is the cause of the anxiety? but rather with questions of this sort: What are the antecedent and concurrent interpersonal conditions that influence a person as agent to turn his or her attention to vaguely defined internal events, to choose the sick role or to describe perplexing happenings with particular metaphors or metonymies? What are his or her concerns about death and dying, being abandoned or loss of face? What are the person's power relations and how does the sick role influence his or her relative power? How does the person's self-narrative fit into the self-narratives of significant others?**In my own experience, I have found it useful to look upon complaints of anxiety as a form of attention deployment, not unlike the attention deployment of the classical hypochondriac. The broad focus on bodily symptoms, besides providing the basis for adopting the sick role, effectively supports efforts in the context of significant social relationships not to spell out certain imagined or perceived flaws in one's character. The question that guides the search for understanding is, What are the client's reasons for turning attention to complaints of anxiety? In this respect, the clinician might entertain the hypothesis of self-deception and its implications for discovering and formulating reasons for the client's attention deployment to events described as anxiety.**The foregoing remarks are but a sample of the clinical and theoretical notions generated in my reading of Hallam's treatise. A bountiful harvest of insights awaits both the practicing clinician and the laboratory scientist engaged in solving the mystery of anxiety. The rich yield is due in no small measure to the author's ability simultaneously to reflect his experience as clinician and as scientist. As clinician*b1scientis... he illuminates many puzzling observations and opens the way for a better understanding of human problems.

  • Children as Teachers

    Theory and Research on Tutoring
    • 1st Edition
    • Vernon L. Allen
    • English
    Children as Teachers: Theory and Research on Tutoring covers topics on the use of children to tutor other children in school; helping relationships in general; and cross-age interaction by children. The book discusses the basic theoretical and empirical foundations for practical programs; original empirical research relevant to cross-age interaction and the impact of tutoring on both the tutor and the tutee; and a wide range of tutoring programs that operate in the schools. The text also reviews existing research on tutoring by children, as well as research and experience on the advantages and disadvantages of several alternative decisions when establishing a tutoring program in the school. Some of the papers in the book report interesting scientific information on topics having obvious practical implications: social class and ethnic differences in tutoring by young children; teaching by siblings; nonverbal skills and consequences of tutoring for the tutor; and the use of a variety of nonprofessionals as helpers. Educators, social scientists, psychologists, and policy makers will find the book invaluable.

  • The Ethics of Psychological Research

    • 1st Edition
    • J. D. Keehn
    • English
    The Ethics of Psychological Research contains expanded versions of original presentations reported in a two-day symposium on Ethics in Psychological Research held at Atkinson College, York University, near Toronto in September 1980. The book is organized into three major sections, wherein the first deals with ethical principles and regulations, the second with ethics of research with special populations, and the third with problems associated with applications of scientific knowledge. A concluding section then details the results of a psychological research method applied to the question of a psychological ethic.

  • Human Memory

    Basic Processes
    • 1st Edition
    • Gordon H. Bower
    • English
    Human Memory: Basic Processes provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of human memory. This book provides a general theoretical framework for human memory, information processing, and retrieval. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the permanent features of memory. This text then outlines several experimental findings that support a multiple-store model of memory, with emphasis on the free recall with extension made to other recall tasks. Other chapters describe the results of a number of experiments designed to test specific models that can be obtained from the overall theory. This book discusses as well the permanent, structural features of the memory system. The final chapter deals with the representation of the memory trace of an event in terms that are compatible with the multicomponent theory. This book is a valuable resource for advanced students in experimental psychology. Psychological researchers will also find this book useful.

  • Early Childhood Education

    An International Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Gilbert R. Austin
    • Allen J. Edwards
    • English
    Early Childhood Education: An International Perspective presents the summarized outcomes of a five-year cross-cultural survey of early childhood education in the Western world. It provides understanding of some of the topics of debate surrounding preschool education. The text approaches the argument by centering on the history of philosophical thought in early childhood education and offers information on the political and social-cultural changes that have inspired interest in facilitating children’s early learning experience. The book discusses the historical background of early childhood education in the United States. It focuses on the ideas and evidence showing the significance of cooperation in international research. Another topic of interest is the early childhood education in England, Wales, Canada, and Sweden. The section that follows is a review of the aims and objectives of early childhood education. The text will provide valuable insights for teachers, educators, students, and researchers in the field of social sciences.

  • Neuropsychology

    A Textbook of Systems and Psychological Functions of the Human Brain
    • 1st Edition
    • Stuart J. Dimond
    • English
    Neuropsychology: A Textbook of Systems and Psychological Functions of the Human Brain provides a comprehensive account of the physiography of the brain and its working systems. This textbook explores how the human brain produces behavior and mental function out of identifiable systems or subcomponents. Comprised of 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the systems of the brain as well as the architecture of the brain and nervous system. The discussion then turns to the micropsychology of the brain; the fabric of the nervous system; and how the brain becomes modified by experience. The following chapters focus on the motor and auditory functions of the brain; the physiological mechanisms of sexual behavior; how emotion is generated out of the activity of specific mechanisms of the brain; and how the brain conducts vision. The regions of the brain involved in space perception, sleep, memory, learning, and language are also considered. The final chapter is devoted to discrete centers of the brain responsible for mental functions. This monograph will be a useful source of knowledge for neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, physiologists, neurosurgeons, and others interested in the human brain and its behavior.

  • Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Charles D. Spielberger
    • English
    Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology, Volume 2 covers the need of scientific work in the field of clinical and community psychology to the problems of modern society. The book discusses a new area of specialization - clinical neuropsychology; and the behavior deficits that result from brain damage in humans that may result from agents such as mind-altering drugs, alcohol, tranquilizers, and inadequate diet. The text also describes the sequential system for personality scale development; the prediction of violence with psychological tests; the relationship between depression and oral contraception. The quest for valid preventive interventions is also considered. Clinical psychologists, community psychologists, psychiatrists and students taking related courses will find the book useful.

  • Invitation to Psychology

    • 2nd Edition
    • John P. Houston + 2 more
    • English
    Invitation to Psychology provides an introduction to fundamental concepts in psychology. It seeks to address the need of both teachers and students by offering two different kinds of chapters. The first variety covers the basic data and research within each of the traditional areas of psychology. In these "basic" chapters, the authors provide up-to-date and complete coverage of important developments in each area. The second type of chapter is innovative. These "exploring" chapters examine some of the practical applications and implications of the findings discussed in the basic chapters. These describe how basic psychological data are being used in the outside world, and discuss ongoing, often controversial explorations into some frontier areas of psychology. In other words, information about explorations and applications that is often scattered through the pages of other texts is brought together into systematic chapters in this text. The dual-chapter approach helps resolve the dilemma of differing expectations of teachers and students. Key topics covered include the definition of psychology; the psychological basis of behavior; sensation and perception; states of awareness; learning, memory, and cognition; motivation and emotion; abnormal psychology and social behavior.

  • Progress in Behavior Modification

    Volume 17
    • 1st Edition
    • Michel Hersen + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 17 covers the developments in behavior modification. The book discusses psychophysiological assessment; behavioral counseling; and applications of behavioral medicine with children at risk of coronary heart disease. The text also describes the intervention for behavioral risk factors in coronary heart disease in children; behavioral medicine in children with pain disorders, seizures, neuromuscular disorders, diabetes, and pediatric oncology; and the training of behavior change agents. The private practice of behavior therapy is also considered. Psychologists and paediatricians will find the book invaluable.

  • Boundary Areas in Social and Developmental Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • John C. Masters + 1 more
    • English
    Boundary Areas in Social and Developmental Psychology is based largely on the proceedings of a conference at Vanderbilt University in June 1981. One of the goals is to highlight some examples of research that illustrate facets of the important boundary area between social and developmental psychology. The book opens with a chapter that deals with the broad issues of boundary areas in psychology, ending with specific consideration of the boundary between social and developmental psychology. This is followed by separate chapters that consider general propositions regarding the importance of integrating concepts and methods from social and developmental psychology in the study of social relationships; show how integrating social and developmental considerations can assist in the understanding of relationships between parents and children; and apply developmental and social concepts to identify and study some of the aspects of the marital relationship that may lead to its dissolution. Subsequent chapters deal with boundary area issues focusing primarily on children's social behavior. These include the complexity of social processes inherent in children's peer relationships and the role of social exchange processes in social relationships from infancy to adulthood.

  • Personality Differences and Biological Variations

    A Study of Twins
    • 1st Edition
    • Gordon Claridge + 2 more
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    Personality Differences and Biological Variations: A Study of Twins details a study aimed to discover the genetic uniqueness of twins and the biological basis of their individual differences. Coverage of the book includes the details of the project – its aims, method, its theoretical background, sample selection and the description of the sample; personality traits in twins the sociability/impulsiv... and the Foulds hostility scale; and the influence of age and separation. The book also covers some aspects of cognitive function in twins – divergent thinking and the analysis of its measures; conceptual thinking; and the relationship of personality and cognitive function. The book also includes twins' physiological measures; their sedative drug tolerance; and a nervous typological analysis of their personal variaton. The text is recommended for psychologists who wish to learn more and study about how twins think and how they get along with one another.

  • Personality and National Character

    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Lynn
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    Personality and National Character analyses the underlying factors that contribute to the national character of a people from the point of view of modern psychology. The book focuses mainly in the manifestations of the level of anxiety. Chapters discuss such topics as anxiety and psychosis; suicide and alcoholism; the relation between anxiety and sex; anxiety and economic growth; climatic effects on anxiety; and anxiety and race. Psychiatrists, sociologists, economists, psychologists, and educators will find the book invaluable.

  • Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • Alan N. Epstein + 1 more
    • English
    Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology: Volume 13 provides continuing information and a cumulative archive in physiological psychology through papers contributed by experts from related fields. The text covers topics such as the weaning from milk of infants; the effect of tachykinins on the regulation of body fluids; the brain mechanisms of aggression by electrical and chemical stimulation; and the behavioral and cardiovascular components of the defense reaction. Also covered are topics such as the behavioral neurobiology of circadian pacemakers, as well as the mechanisms of brain-stimulation reward. The book is recommended for medical doctors and psychologists who would like to know more about studies in the field of psychobiology and physiological psychology.

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