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Elsevier

Books in Risk assessment

This collection emphasizes hazard identification, dose-response analysis, and exposure evaluation. Supporting regulators and industry, it features methodologies and case studies that drive informed decision-making to protect public health and the environment.

  • Micro(nano)plastics in Organ Systems

    Health Impacts, Challenges, and Future Prospects
    • 1st Edition
    • Charan Singh + 4 more
    • English
    Micro(nano)plastics in Organ Systems: Health Impacts, Challenges, and Future Prospects comprehensively discusses the impact of micro(nano)plastics on human health, analyzing their sources, classification, and exposure pathways, while also exploring their interactions with biological systems, their potential effects on various organ systems, and concerns related to bioaccumulation and toxicity. The book begins with an in-depth analysis of their classification, sources, and exposure pathways, and progressing through interactions with biological systems and the resulting toxicological effects. Furthermore, the book delves into recent advances in detection technologies, the development of more sustainable advances such as bioplastic-based nanoparticles, and the need for regulatory frameworks.The text meticulously examines the implications of these particles on various organ systems—including the gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, neurological, reproductive, and metabolic systems—while addressing critical issues such as bioaccumulation, immunological responses, and their potential harmful impact on health. It is an essential resource for toxicologists, environmental scientists, healthcare professionals, public health advocates, and others interested in the implications of micro(nano)plastics on health.

  • Hazardous Chemicals in Medical Devices

    Safety, Risk Analysis, and Regulations
    • 1st Edition
    • Prakash Srinivasan Timiri Shanmugam + 1 more
    • English
    Hazardous Chemicals in Medical Devices: Safety, Risk Analysis, and Regulations provides a comprehensive overview of the hazardous chemicals used in medical device manufacturing. The book discusses the basics of these chemicals, their presence in various components, and the regulations that govern their use. It also delves into the processes involved in manufacturing and the added chemicals during these stages. With a focus on risk assessment and analysis, the book emphasizes the importance of safety in medical devices and outlines the types of hazards associated with these substances.The book further explains the regulatory classification of hazardous chemicals and the labeling and safety data sheet requirements. It includes a list of notified bodies that discuss hazardous substance data, aiding in risk assessment and toxicological profiling. Additionally, it underscores the critical understanding of toxicological profiles of materials used in medical devices, ensuring that readers are well-informed about the safety measures and regulations in place to protect both manufacturers and users.

  • Computational Methods in Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

    • 1st Edition
    • Muhammad Ishfaq
    • English
    Computational Methods in Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology is a comprehensive resource that offers an advanced overview of computational techniques employed in drug discovery, design, and toxicity prediction. The book discusses various topics, including molecular modeling, virtual screening, machine learning, and network pharmacology. It serves as an essential guide for researchers, practitioners, and students in pharmacology, toxicology, medicinal chemistry, bioinformatics, and systems biology fields, showcasing practical applications and future perspectives on new technologies. In addition to covering computational approaches, the book provides real-world examples of drug discovery, candidate optimization, and safety assessment.Other sections explore computer applications in pharmacology and toxicology and discusses the importance of these methods in advancing medicinal research.

  • Public Health and Toxicology Issues in Drug Research, Volume 2

    Toxicity and Toxicodynamics
    • 1st Edition
    • Rakesh K. Tekade
    • English
    Public Health and Toxicology Issues in Drug Research: Toxicity and Toxicodynamics, Volume Two examines implications on public health and the impact of pharmaceuticals, chemical and food toxicants, dietary phytochemicals, and medical treatments. The book cover topics on pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics, such as population pharmacokinetics/tox... the design of toxicokinetic studies, and the use of toxicokinetic data in preclinical safety assessments. In addition, it investigates the health effect caused by the bioaccumulation of pharmaceutical and personal care products and the impact of drug-induced toxicity on different systems of the body.Final sections discuss the mechanistic pathways of food toxicants and illustrate the molecular mechanisms of the chemopreventive role of dietary phytochemicals. Ethical, legal, societal, and professional issues in toxicology round off coverage, making this a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning more about the health impact and public health issues related to the toxicity of pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, personal care products, and medical treatments.

  • Oxidative Stress

    Its Mechanisms and Impacts on Human Health and Disease Onset
    • 1st Edition
    • Harold Zeliger
    • English
    Oxidative Stress: Its Impact on Human Health and Disease Onset examines all factors known to elevate oxidative stress (OS) and the mechanism of OS disease causation. Sections cover the causes and prevention of oxidative stress, the types of chemical exposures and environmental factors that precipitate disease, disease hallmarks and biomarkers, disease clusters, disease co-morbidities, free radical attacks at the cellular level, and the Oxidative Stress Index tool, its premise, and how it can be used to identify the primary causes of specific diseases and predict the likelihood of disease onset. With comprehensive coverage of not only the impact of OS due to chemical exposure but also the consequences of environmental factors, this book is a valuable resource for researchers and scientists in toxicology and environmental science, health practitioners, public health professionals, and others who wish to broaden their knowledge on this topic.

  • Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals: Volume II: Specific Metals

    • 5th Edition
    • Gunnar F. Nordberg + 1 more
    • English
    Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, Volume II: Specific Metals, Fifth Edition provides complete coverage of 38 individual metals and their compounds. This volume is the second volume of a two-volume work which emphasizes toxic effects in humans, along with discussions on the toxic effects of animals and biological systems in vitro when relevant. The book has been systematically updated with the latest studies and advances in technology. As a multidisciplinary resource that integrates both human and environmental toxicology, the book is a comprehensive and valuable reference for toxicologists, physicians, pharmacologists, and environmental scientists in the fields of environmental, occupational and public health.

  • Toxicological Aspects of Medical Device Implants

    • 1st Edition
    • Prakash Srinivasan Timiri Shanmugam + 2 more
    • English
    Toxicological Aspects of Medical Device Implants provides comprehensive information on the use of medical implant and devices and the balance between the application of the devices in relation to any potential adverse effects. In order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medical devices, many international policies, regulations, and standards have been established, and the book also discusses medical devices within this regulatory framework. The book covers a broad range of disease topics and disease-specific implants and an interdisciplinary team of experts brings a wealth of information on implants used in various disease models and associated risk factors. Toxicological Aspects of Medical Device Implants is a comprehensive resource for toxicologists, biomedical engineers, immunologists, medical staff, regulators, and manufacturers working in the field who need to be aware of the potential toxicity and device management of such a wide variety of implants and devices and their health risks.

  • Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling

    Methods and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment
    • 1st Edition
    • Jeffrey W. Fisher + 2 more
    • English
    Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling: Methods and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment presents foundational principles, advanced techniques and applications of PBPK modeling. Contributions from experts in PBPK modeling cover topics such as pharmacokinetic principles, classical physiological models, the application of physiological models for dose-response and risk assessment, the use of in vitro information, and in silico methods. With end-of-chapter exercises that allow readers to practice and learn the skills associated with PBPK modeling, dose-response, and its applications to safety and risk assessments, this book is a foundational resource that provides practical coverage of PBPK modeling for graduate students, academics, researchers, and more.

  • History of Risk Assessment in Toxicology

    • 1st Edition
    • Sol Bobst
    • English
    History of Risk Assessment in Toxicology guides the reader through the historical narrative of the evolution of risk assessment thinking in human and environmental practices. Risk assessment concepts are used in many different professional practice areas. In the health and environmental practices of risk assessment, the critical issue is often what chemical concentration in air, water, food, or a solid substance is acceptable, or considered not to result in any adverse effect. The book reviews examples from early scientific and health studies to showcase the foundations of risk assessment. The book also explores the development of risk assessment as practiced by major regulatory bodies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reveal how risk assessment has evolved in the 20th and 21st centuries. Modern technology has created opportunities in silicon in vitro, computational modeling, omics, and big data techniques to assess the toxicity of chemicals, while traditional approaches to risk assessment are being challenged with new and innovative approaches. Finally, current issues being debated and tested in risk assessment are outlined with possible future avenues suggested.

  • Neurotoxicity of Nanomaterials and Nanomedicine

    • 1st Edition
    • Xinguo Jiang + 1 more
    • English
    Neurotoxicity of Nanomaterials and Nanomedicine presents an overview of the exciting research in neurotoxicity and nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have been extensively used in medicine, including diagnosis probes, drug carriers, and embedded materials. While some have been approved for clinical use, most nanomaterials are waiting to be transferred from lab to clinic. However, the toxicity is a main barrier that restricts the translation. This comprehensive book includes chapters on the most commonly used individual nanoparticles, with information on the applications, neurotoxicity, and related mechanisms of each, providing the most in-depth and current information available. The book examines the pathways that nanomaterials enter into, and eliminate, from the brain, along with the strategies that could reduce the neurotoxicity of nanomaterials. Providing a background to the subject, detailed information, and ideas for future directions in research, the book is essential for students and researchers in toxicology, and for those in medicine, neurology, pharmacology, pharmaceutical science, and materials science who are researching nanomaterials.

  • Engineered Nanoparticles

    Structure, Properties and Mechanisms of Toxicity
    • 1st Edition
    • Ashok K. Singh
    • English
    Engineered Nanoparticles: Structure, Properties and Mechanisms of Toxicity is an indispensable introduction to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Although research in the area of pharmacology and toxicology of ENM is rapidly advancing, a possible correlation between their physicochemical properties and biomedical properties or toxicity is not yet fully understood. This understanding is essential to develop strategies for the safe applications and handling of ENM. The book comprehensively defines the current understanding of ENM toxicity, first describing these materials and their physicochemical properties, and then discussing the toxicological theory and methodology before finally demonstrating the potential impact of ENM on the environment and human health. It represents an essential reference for students and investigators in toxicology, pharmacology, chemistry, material sciences, medicine, and those in related disciplines who require an introduction to ENM and their potential toxicological effects.

  • Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern

    • 1st Edition
    • Marc Williams + 3 more
    • English
    Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a compendium of chemical-specific toxicity information with discussions on the rationale and development of Wildlife Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) intended for use on terrestrial wildlife for risk assessment applications. Substances covered include military-related chemicals including explosives, propellants, pesticides and metals. Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a much-needed resource designed to meet the needs of those seeking toxicological information for ecological risk assessment purposes. Each chapter targets a specific chemical and considers the current knowledge of the toxicological impacts of chemicals to terrestrial wildlife including mammalian, avian, amphibian and reptilian species.

  • Therapeutic Risk Management of Medicines

    • 1st Edition
    • Stephen J. Mayall + 1 more
    • English
    Therapeutic risk management of medicines is an authoritative and practical guide on developing, implementing and evaluating risk management plans for medicines globally. It explains how to assess risks and benefit-risk balance, design and roll out risk minimisation and pharmacovigilance activities, and interact effectively with key stakeholders.A more systematic approach for managing the risks of medicines arose following a number of high-profile drug safety incidents and a need for better access to effective but potentially risky treatments. Regulatory requirements have evolved rapidly over the past decade. Risk management plans (RMPs) are mandatory for new medicinal products in the EU and a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) is needed for certain drugs in the US.This book is an easy-to-read resource that complements current regulatory guidance, by exploring key areas and practical implications in greater detail. It is structured into chapters encompassing a background to therapeutic risk management, strategies for developing RMPs, implementation of RMPs, and the continuing evolution of the risk management field.The topic is of critical importance not only to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, but also regulators and healthcare policymakers.Some chapters feature contributions from selected industry experts.

  • Fire Toxicity

    • 1st Edition
    • A A Stec + 1 more
    • English
    Toxic fire effluents are responsible for the majority of fire deaths, and an increasing large majority of fire injuries, driven by the widespread and increasing use of synthetic polymers. Fire safety has focused on preventing ignition and reducing flame spread through reducing the rate of heat release, while neglecting the important issue of fire toxicity. This is the first reference work on fire toxicity and the only scientific publication on the subject in the last 15 years.Assessment of toxic effects of fires is increasingly being recognised as a key factor in the assessment of fire hazards. This book raises important issues including the types of toxic effluents that different fires produce, their physiological effects, methods for generation and assessment of fire toxicity, current and proposed regulations and approaches to modelling the toxic impact of fires.The contributors to Fire toxicity represent an international team of the leading experts in each aspect of this challenging and important field. This book provides an important reference work for professionals in the fire community, including fire fighters, fire investigators, regulators, fire safety engineers, and formulators of fire-safe materials. It will also prove invaluable to researchers in academia and industry.

  • Foodborne Pathogens

    Hazards, Risk Analysis and Control
    • 2nd Edition
    • Clive de W Blackburn + 1 more
    • English
    Effective control of pathogens continues to be of great importance to the food industry. The first edition of Foodborne pathogens quickly established itself as an essential guide for all those involved in the management of microbiological hazards at any stage in the food production chain. This major edition strengthens that reputation, with extensively revised and expanded coverage, including more than ten new chapters.Part one focuses on risk assessment and management in the food chain. Opening chapters review the important topics of pathogen detection, microbial modelling and the risk assessment procedure. Four new chapters on pathogen control in primary production follow, reflecting the increased interest in safety management early in the food chain. The fundamental issues of hygienic design and sanitation are also covered in more depth in two extra chapters. Contributions on safe process design and operation, HACCP and good food handling practice complete the section.Parts two and three then review the management of key bacterial and non-bacterial foodborne pathogens. A new article on preservation principles and technologies provides the context for following chapters, which discuss pathogen characteristics, detection methods and control procedures, maintaining a practical focus. There is expanded coverage of non-bacterial agents, with dedicated chapters on gastroenteritis viruses, hepatitis viruses and emerging viruses and foodborne helminth infections among others.The second edition of Foodborne pathogens: hazards, risk analysis and control is an essential and authoritative guide to successful pathogen control in the food industry.

  • Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents

    • 1st Edition
    • Ramesh C. Gupta
    • English
    This groundbreaking book covers every aspect of deadly toxic chemicals used as weapons of mass destruction and employed in conflicts, warfare and terrorism. Including findings from experimental as well as clinical studies, this one-of-a-kind handbook is prepared in a very user- friendly format that can easily be followed by students, teachers and researchers, as well as lay people. Stand-alone chapters on individual chemicals and major topics allow the reader to easily access required information without searching through the entire book.This is the first book that offers in-depth coverage of individual toxicants, target organ toxicity, major incidents, toxic effects in humans, animals and wildlife, biosensors, biomarkers, on-site and laboratory analytical methods, decontamination and detoxification procedures, prophylactic, therapeutic and countermeasures, and the role of homeland security.

  • Hazardous Substances and Human Health

    Exposure, Impact and External Cost Assessment at the European Scale
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • Till M Bachmann
    • English
    There is widespread public concern about hazardous chemicals that are contained in air, soil, water and food. Policy has therefore adopted a series of laws and regulations concerning emissions into and concentration levels in different media including food. As policy makers do not only have to consider the protection of the environment but also need to ensure a well-functioning economy at the same time, these limit or target values need to be set in a balanced way. The main problem, however, is to compare the costs for achieving these targets with the benefits to society by having a smaller exposure to hazardous substances (cost-benefit analysis). This book sets out to improve the reliability of cost-benefit analyses particularly of hazardous substances present in air, water, soil and food. It suggests that the human health risk assessment of chemicals is performed in a bottom-up analysis, i.e., following a spatially resolved multimedia modelling approach. In order to support cost-benefit analyses, the approach is accompanied by monetary valuation of human health impacts, yielding so-called external costs. Results for selected priority metals show that these external costs are small compared to those by the classical air pollutants and involve rather long time horizons touching on the aspect of intergenerational equity within sustainable development. When including further hazardous substances, the total external costs attributable to contaminants are expected to be more substantial.

  • Pesticide, Veterinary and Other Residues in Food

    • 1st Edition
    • David Watson
    • English
    This wide-ranging text reviews the wealth of recent research on assessing and managing the risks from pesticide, veterinary and other chemical residues in food. After an introductory chapter on the key issues in food toxicology,Part one covers the assessment and management of risks, with individual chapters on genetic susceptibility to dietary carcinogens, good agricultural practice and HACCP systems, targeted and rapid methods for analysing residues in food and ways of assessing the mutagenicity of chemicals in food. Part two looks at veterinary residues, covering their safety, toxicology and detection. Part three examines pesticides, with chapters on surveillance and detection methods for fungicides and herbicides. In the final part, there are chapters summarising a wide range of other chemical residues in food, from xenostrogens/endocri... disruptors and dietary estrogens to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls.Pesticide, veterinary and other residues in food is a standard reference for all those concerned with ensuring the safety of food.

  • Mycotoxins in Food

    Detection and Control
    • 1st Edition
    • N Magan + 1 more
    • English
    Mycotoxins, toxic compounds produced by fungi, pose a significant contamination risk in both animal feed and foods for human consumption. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Mycotoxins in food summarises the wealth of recent research on how to assess the risks from mycotoxins, detect particular mycotoxins and control them at differing stages in the supply chain.Part one addresses risk assessment techniques, sampling methods, modelling and detection techniques used to measure the risk of mycotoxin contamination and the current regulations governing mycotoxin limits in food. Part two looks at how the risk of contamination may be controlled, with chapters on the use of HACCP systems and mycotoxin control at different stages in the supply chain. Two case studies demonstrate how these controls work for particular products. The final section details particular mycotoxins, from ochratoxin A and patulin to zearalenone and fumonisins.Mycotoxin... in food is a standard reference for all those concerned with ensuring the safety of food.

  • Tissue-Specific Toxicity

    Biochemical Mechanisms
    • 1st Edition
    • Wolfgang Dekant + 1 more
    • English
    This volume provides an up-to-date review of the molecular mechanisms of toxicity. Individual chapters deal with specific aspects of toxicity problems associated with selected organs.