Oxidative Stress

Its Mechanisms and Impacts on Human Health and Disease Onset

1st Edition - October 23, 2022
Imprint: Academic Press
Author: Harold Zeliger
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 8 9 0 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 4 5 8 - 1

Oxidative Stress: Its Impact on Human Health and Disease Onset examines all factors known to elevate oxidative stress (OS) and the mechanism of OS disease causation… Read more

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Oxidative Stress: Its Impact on Human Health and Disease Onset examines all factors known to elevate oxidative stress (OS) and the mechanism of OS disease causation. Sections cover the causes and prevention of oxidative stress, the types of chemical exposures and environmental factors that precipitate disease, disease hallmarks and biomarkers, disease clusters, disease co-morbidities, free radical attacks at the cellular level, and the Oxidative Stress Index tool, its premise, and how it can be used to identify the primary causes of specific diseases and predict the likelihood of disease onset.

With comprehensive coverage of not only the impact of OS due to chemical exposure but also the consequences of environmental factors, this book is a valuable resource for researchers and scientists in toxicology and environmental science, health practitioners, public health professionals, and others who wish to broaden their knowledge on this topic.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Part I. Oxidative stress and disease
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Oxidative stress
1.2. Oxidative stress measuremnt
1.3. Major book topics
Chapter 2. Chemicals and chemical mixtures
2.1. Historical perspective
2.2. Chemical characteristics–octanol: water partition coefficients
2.3. Lipophilic organic chemicals
2.4. Hydrophilic organic compounds
2.5. Metals
2.6. Nonmetallic inorganic chemicals
2.7. Chemical mixtures
2.8. Traditional toxicology
2.9. Chemical mixtures
2.10. Unanticipated effects of mixtures
2.11. Lipophile–hydrophile mixtures
2.12. Lipophile–lipophile mixtures
2.13. Sequential absorption
2.14. Diseases caused by chemicals
2.15. Chemically caused disease and oxidative stress
Chapter 3. Particles and fibers
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Particle and fiber sources and content
3.3. Oxidative stress (OS)
3.4. Dust
Chapter 4. Air pollution and oxidative stress
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Ambient air pollutants
4.3. Confined air pollutants
4.4. Air pollution and oxidative stress
Chapter 5. Water and soil pollution
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Water polluting chemicals
5.3. Chemical reactions in groundwater
5.4. Disinfection bye-products
5.5. Soil pollution
5.6. Plant absorption of soil toxins and bioacculation
5.7. Effects of mixtures
5.8. Oxidative stress from polluted water and soil
Chapter 6. Alcohol
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Effect of alcohol on nutrients and pharmaceuticals
6.3. Effect of alcohol on toxicities of other chemicals
6.4. Alcohol metabolism
6.5. Alcohol and oxidative stress
Chapter 7. Tobacco
7.1. Tobacco toxicity: introduction
7.2. Tobacco and cancer
7.3. Tobacco smoke and disease rate synergism
7.4. Tobacco and oxidative stress
7.5. Electronic cigarettes
Chapter 8. Electromagnetic radiation
8.1. Introduction
8.2. The electromagnetic spectrum
8.3. Ionizing radiation
8.4. Ionizing radiation and chemical mixtures
8.5. Ultraviolet radiation
8.6. Ultraviolet radiation and toxic chemical mixtures
8.7. Nonionizing radiation
8.8. Visible light radiation
8.9. Radiation and oxidative stress
Chapter 9. Inflammation
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Acute inflammation
9.3. Chronic inflammation
9.4. Inflammation and oxidative stress
Chapter 10. Food
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Uptake from soil and plant surfaces
10.3. Animal ingestion
10.4. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
10.5. Mercury in food
10.6. Food preparation. Deliberate incorporation of additive chemicals into food
10.7. Chemical impurities in food - allowable xenobiotics
10.8. Allowable chemical impurities in food
10.9. Artificial colors
10.10. Flavor enhancers
10.11. Esthetic and storage additives
10.12. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in food
10.13. Chemicals in food packaging
10.14. Irradiated food
10.15. Chemical preservatives in food
10.16. Food chemicals and oxidative stress
10.17. Dietary choices and oxidative stress
Chapter 11. Sleep deprivation
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Temperature extremes
11.3. Sleep apnea
11.4. Circadian cycle interruption
11.5. Prevalent health conditions and lifestyle choices
11.6. Sleep deprivation and oxidative stress
Chapter 12. Pharmaceuticals
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Pharmaceutical use
12.3. Pharmaceutical adverse drug reactions
12.4. Excipients in pharmaceuticals
12.5. Pharmaceuticals and oxidative stress
Chapter 13. Psychological stress
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Chronic stress and disease
13.3. Psychological stress and oxidative stress
Chapter 14. Genetics and epigenetics
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Genetics
14.3. Epigenetics
14.4. Chemical environmental and other factors in epigenetic effects
14.5. Role of oxidative stress in genetic and epigenetic effects
Chapter 15. Aging
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Clinical conditions associated with aging
15.3. Lowering age of disease onset
15.4. Age-related disease and oxidative stress
15.5. Hallmarks of aging
15.6. Summary
Chapter 16. Diseases and comorbidities
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Systems, organs, oxidative stress and disease
16.3. Diseases associated with oxidative stress
16.4. Multimorbidity
16.5. Conclusion
Chapter 17. Total oxidative stress and disease
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Diseases and oxidative stress
17.3. Malondialdehyde as an indicator of oxidative stress
17.4. Oxidative stress additivity - infectious disease
17.5. Multimorbidity
17.6. Disease prevention strategies
17.7. Obesity
17.8. Limits to oxidative stress-mediated disease prevention
17.9. Disease onset prediction
17.10. Conclusions
Chapter 18. Free radicals
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Free radical stability
18.3. The Fenton reaction
18.4. Free radical reactions with DNA
18.5. Free radical reactions with proteins
18.6. Free radical reactions with lipids
18.7. Free radical signaling
18.8. Diseases associated with free radicals
18.9. Antioxidants
18.10. Immune system and free radicals
18.11. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
18.12. Summary
Part II. Mechanisms of oxidative stress driven disease
Chapter 19. Aging mechanism
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Hallmarks of aging
19.3. Summary
Chapter 20. Obesity
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Statistics
20.3. Causes of obesity
20.4. Biomarkers of obesity
20.5. Comorbidities
20.6. Obesity, adipose tissue and chemical toxicity
20.7. Obesity and oxidative stress
20.8. Psychological impact of obesity
20.9. Summary
Chapter 21. Cancer
21.1. Introduction
21.2. Hallmarks of cancer—Hanahan and Weinberg
21.3. Other hallmarks
21.4. Cancer initiation promotion and progression
21.5. Exogenous carcinogens
21.6. Metals, metalloids and cancer
21.7. Food and cancer
21.8. Metastasis
21.9. Mechanisms associated with specific cancers
21.10. Summary
Chapter 22. Atherosclerosis
22.1. Introduction
22.2. Hallmark of atherosclerosis
22.3. Atherosclerosis risk factors
22.4. Atherosclerosis progression
22.5. Mechanism of onset
22.6. Oxidative stress and Artherosclerosis
Chapter 23. Alzheimer's disease
23.1. Introduction
23.2. Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease
23.3. Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease
23.4. Alzheimer’s disease co-morbidity data
23.5. Mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease onset
Chapter 24. Type 2 diabetes (T2D)
24.1. Introduction
24.2. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes
24.3. Chemical exposure as a cause of type 2 diabetes
24.4. Mechanisms of type 2 diabetes onset
24.5. Effects of ROS
24.6. Type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress
24.7. Type 2 diabetes complications
24.8. Diabetes outlook
Chapter 25. Rheumatoid arthritis
25.1. Introduction
25.2. Complications of rheumatoid arthritis
25.3. Biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis
25.4. Risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis
25.5. Mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis onset
25.6. Oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis
Chapter 26. Asthma
26.1. Introduction
26.2. Phenotypes of asthma
26.3. Biomarkers of asthma
26.4. Risk factors for asthma
26.5. Cross sensitization
26.6. Mechanisms of asthma and oxidative stress
26.7. Summary
Chapter 27. Liver cirrhosis
27.1. Introduction
27.2. Liver fibroproliferative diseases
27.3. Oxidative stress and liver disease
Chapter 28. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
28.1. Introduction
28.2. Causes of chronic kidney disease
28.3. Hallmarks of chronic kidney disease
28.4. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease
28.5. Mechanisms of chronic kidney disease and oxidative stress
Chapter 29. Disease comorbidities
29.1. Introduction
29.2. Comorbidity
29.3. Oxidative stress, the common thread
Part III. Disease onset prediction
Chapter 30. Oxidative stress index
30.1. Introduction
30.2. Oxidative Stress Index (OSI)
30.3. OSI basis
30.4. Oxidative Stress Index questionnaire
30.5. OSI score and disease
30.6. Additional applications
Chapter 31. OSI condensed questionnaire
31.1. Introduction
31.2. Age
31.3. Weight
31.4. Preexisting chronic conditions
31.5. Medications regularly taken
31.6. Genetics
31.7. Education level
31.8. Place of residence
31.9. Chronic psychological stress
31.10. Condensed OSI form
31.11. Condensed OSI applications
31.12. Conclusions
Chapter 32. OSI and Alzheimer's disease
32.1. Introduction
32.2. Alzheimer's disease and oxidative stress
32.3. Alzheimer's disease and dose response relationship (DRR)
32.4. Parameters known to increase likelihood of AD onset
32.5. Late onset AD
32.6. The OSI and AD
32.7. AD prevention
32.8. Questionnaire use
32.9. Strengths and limitations
32.10. Conclusions
Chapter 33. OSI public health surveys
33.1. Introduction
33.2. Toxicity as a function of emission distance
33.3. Disease impact as a function of exposure time
33.4. Summary
Chapter 34. Predicting COVID-19 severity
34.1. Introduction
34.2. Oxidative stress and COVID-19 severity
34.3. Oxidative stress index and COVID-19 severity
34.4. Validation of OSI use in predicting COVID-19 severity
34.5. Covid-19 as a cause of oxidative stress
34.6. Summary
Part IV. Prevention
Chapter 35. Disease prevention: oxidative stress control, antioxidants, and social factors
35.1. Introduction
35.2. Oxidative stress overproduction control
35.3. Antioxidants
35.4. Antioxidants and disease prevention
35.5. Diet
35.6. Treating prevalent illness
35.7. Psychological stress
35.8. Exercise
35.9. Treating illness
35.10. Inequalities
35.11. Summary
Chapter 36. Global warming, oxidative stress and disease
36.1. Introduction
36.2. Global warming, oxidative stress
36.3. Stress
36.4. Human extinction?
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Oxidative Stress

Its Mechanisms and Impacts on Human Health and Disease Onset

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Harold Zeliger

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