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Elsevier

Elsevier Science

  • Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 105
    • A.C.H. Yu + 5 more
    • English
    Gene expression is an active ongoing process that maintains a functional CNS, as proteins are being made on a continual basis. Processes such as learning and memory, nerve cell repair and regeneration and its response to stress are critically dependent on gene expression. This volume highlights the role of gene expression in normal CNS function, and presents many research methods at the cutting edge of neuroscience, which will provide insight into therapeutic approaches through which the control of gene expression may be used in the treatment of many nervous system diseases.

  • Side Effects of Drugs Annual

    A Worldwide Yearly Survey of New Data and Trends
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 18
    • English
    Under the supervision of the series editors, an international team of expert authors have gathered together the latest information on adverse drug effects from the international literature. In addition to describing new reports of adverse drug effects, the authors have subjected those reports to critical analysis, setting them into context in terms of clinical relevance and importance, and cross-referring to previous reports where necessary. New adverse effects are reported and evaluated and previously reported adverse effects are re-evaluated in the light of the most recent information. A special feature is the reviews, in which selected adverse effects are discussed in depth. The use of the book is enhanced by three separate indexes, allowing the reader to enter the text by drug name, adverse effect name, or drug interaction.

  • Adaption of Simulated Annealing to Chemical Optimization Problems

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 15
    • J.H. Kalivas
    • English
    Optimization problems occurring regularly in chemistry, vary from selecting the best wavelength design for optimal spectroscopic concentration predictions to geometry optimization of atomic clusters and protein folding. Numerous optimization tactics have been explored to solve these problems. While most optimizers maintain the ability to locate global optima for simple problems, few are robust against local optima convergence with regard to difficult or large scale optimization problems. Simulated annealing (SA) has shown a great tolerance to local optima convergence and is often called a global optimizer. The optimizaton algorithm has found wide use in numerous areas such as engineering, computer science, communication, image recognition, operation research, physics, and biology. Recently, SA and variations thereof have shown considerable success in solving numerous chemical optimization problems. The main thrust of this book is to demonstrate the use of SA in a wide range of chemical problems.The potentiality of SA, GSA and other modifications of SA to serve specific needs in a variety of chemical disciplines are covered. A detailed discussion on SA and GSA is given in Chapter 1, presenting the theoretical framework from which a computer program can be written by the reader. The remainder of the book describes applications of SA type algorithms to a diverse set of chemical problems. The final chapter contains an algorithm for GSA written in the MatLab programming environment. This program can be easily adapted to any optimization problem and with only slight modifications, can be altered to perform SA. A general flowchart is also given.

  • Studies in Natural Products Chemistry

    Structure and Chemistry (Part D)
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 17
    • Atta-ur Rahman
    • English
    Rapid advances in chromatographic procedures, spectroscopic techniques and pharmacological assay methods have resulted in the discovery of an increasing number of new and interesting natural products from terrestrial and marine sources. The present volume contains comprehensive reviews on some of the major advances in this field which have taken place in recent years. The reviews include those on: novel metabolites from marine gastropods; the chemistry of marine natural products of the Halenaquinol family; secondary metabolites from Echinoderms and Bryozoans; triterpenoids and aromatic compounds from medicinal plants; chemistry and activity of sesquiterpenes from the genus Lactarius; the chemistry of bile alcohols; antifungal sesquiterpene dialdehydes; annonaceous acetogenins; nargenicin macrolides; and lignans and diarylheptanoids. Tropane alkaloids and phenolides formed by root cultures are also reviewed. Articles on natural Diels-Alder type adducts, the use of computer aided overlay for modelling the substrate binding domain of HLADH, applications of 170 NMR spectroscopy to natural product chemistry and the role of biological raw materials in synthesis are included. Volume 17 provides material of interest to natural products chemists.

  • Global Optimization Methods in Geophysical Inversion

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • M.K. Sen + 1 more
    • English
    One of the major goals of geophysical inversion is to find earth models that explain the geophysical observations. Thus the branch of mathematics known as optimization has found significant use in many geophysical applications.Both local and global optimization methods are used in the estimation of material properties from geophysical data. As the title of the book suggests, the aim of this book is to describe the application of several recently developed global optimization methods to geophysical problems. • The well known linear and gradient based optimization methods have been summarized in order to explain their advantages and limitations• The theory of simulated annealing and genetic algorithms have been described in sufficient detail for the readers to understand the underlying fundamental principles upon which these algorithms are based• The algorithms have been described using simple flow charts (the algorithms are general and can be applied to a wide variety of problemsStudents, researchers and practitioners will be able to design practical algorithms to solve their specific geophysical inversion problems. The book is virtually self-contained so that there are no prerequisites, except for a fundamental mathematical background that includes a basic understanding of linear algebra and calculus.

  • Subband Compression of Images: Principles and Examples

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • T.A. Ramstad + 2 more
    • English
    Sixth in the book series, Advances in Image Communication, which documents the rapid advancements of recent years in image communication technologies, this volume provides a comprehensive exploration of subband coding.Originally, subband coding and transform coding were developed separately. The former, however, benefitted considerably from the earlier evolution of transform coding theory and practice. Retaining their own terminology and views, the two methods are closely related and this book indeed aims to unify the approaches. Specifically, the volume contributes effectively to the understanding of frequency domain coding techniques. Many images from coding experiments are presented, enabling the reader to consider the properties of different coders.Chapter 1 introduces the problem of image compression in general terms. Sampling of images and other fundamental concepts, such as entropy and the rate distortion function, are briefly reviewed. The idea of viewing coding techniques as series expansions is also introduced. The second chapter presents signal decomposition and the conditions for perfect reconstruction from minimum representations. Chapter 3 deals with filter bank structures, primarily those displaying the perfect reconstruction property. Quantization techniques and the efficient exploitation of the bit resources are discussed from a theoretical perspective in Chapter 4 and this issue is further examined in Chapter 6, from a more practical point of view. Chapter 5 provides a development of gain formulas, i.e. quantitative measures of the performance of filter banks in a subband coding context, and these are then employed in a search for optimal filter banks. A number of examples of coded images using different subband coders are presented in Chapter 7, these indicating that subband coders give rise to some characteristic types of image degradations. Accordingly, Chapter 8 presents several techniques for minimizing these artifacts. The theory and practice of subband coding of video, at several target bit rates, is discussed in the last chapter.

  • Symbiosis of Human and Artifact

    Volume A: Future Computing and Design for Human-Computer Interaction. Volume B: Human and Social Aspects of Human-Computer Interaction
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 20A
    • Y. Anzai + 2 more
    • English
    Presented here are papers selected from those submitted to the Sixth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International '95) held in Tokyo, July 1995. A total of 1,298 individuals from 36 countries submitted their work for presentation at this first major international meeting on human-computer interaction held in Asia. Volume A covers the latest advances in the research of future computing and system design, as well as their relevant application, in the wide field of human-computer interaction.Volume B contains selected papers in the areas of ergonomics, and social aspects of computer systems.

  • Sequence Stratigraphy on the Northwest European Margin

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • R.J. Steel + 3 more
    • English
    Sequence Stratigraphy, presently one of the most rapidly growing areas in geology, is concerned with the documentation and prediction of how sandstones (potential hydrocarbon reservoirs) and shales (potential source rocks) are distributed in time and space within sedimentary basins. The book takes a critical look at some of the sequence stratigraphy concepts, and provides an account of how these have been applied recently in NW Europe (North Sea, mid Norway and E. Greenland, Barents Sea and Svalbard), mainly in connection with the exploration for oil and gas.There is currently no similar book available.

  • Membrane Protein Transport

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • S.S. Rothman
    • English
    This is the first volume in a series on membrane protein transfer. Membrane protein transport underlies the topological disposition of many proteins within cells and it is this disposition that allows for the co-ordination of the central cellular processes, such as metabolism.

  • General Principles

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • A.G. Lee
    • English
    Progress in understanding the nature of the biological membrane has been very rapid over a broad front, but still pockets of ignorance remain. Application of the techniques of molecular biology has provided the sequences of a very large number of membrane proteins, and has led to the discovery of superfamilies of membrane proteins of related structure. In turn, the identification of these superfamilies has led to new ways of thinking about membrane processes. Many of these processes can now be discussed in molecular terms, and unexpected relationships between apparently unrelated phenomena are bringing a new unity to the study of biological membranes. The quantity of information available about membrane proteins is now too large for any one person to be familiar with anything but a very small part of the primary literature. A series of volumes concentrating on molecular aspects of biological membranes therefore seems timely. The hope is that, when complete, these volumes will provide a convenient introduction to the study of a wide range of membrane functions. This first volume is devoted to general surveys of the structure and synthesis of membrane proteins and lipids, of the interactions between lipids and proteins, and of the functions of biological membranes.

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