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Elsevier Science

Material and Energy Balancing in the Process Industries
From Microscopic Balances to Large Plants
1st Edition
Volume 7
V.V. Veverka + 1 more
English
This book represents the systematic coverage of mass and energy balancing in the process industries. The classical treatment of balances in the available literature is complemented in the following areas:- systematic analysis of large systems by Graph theory- comprehensive thermodynamic analysis (entropy and availability)- balancing on the basis of measured plant data (data reconciliation)- measurement design and optimisation- dynamic balancing- plant-wide regular mass and energy balancing as a part of company's information system.The major areas addressed are:- single- and multi-component balancing- energy balance- entropy and exergy (availability) balances- solvability of balancing problems- balancing with data reconciliation- dynamic balancing- measurement design and optimisation- regular balancing of large industrial systems.The book is directed to chemical engineers, plant designers, technologists, information technology managers, control engineers and instrumentation engineers in process industries. Major areas of applications are process industries and energy production, such as oil refining, natural gas processing, petrochemistry, chemical industries, mineral processing and utility production and distribution systems. University students and teachers of chemical engineering and control will also find the book invaluable.
Studies in Natural Products Chemistry
Indices Part A
1st Edition
Volume 31
Atta-ur- Rahman
English
The Studies in Natural Products Chemistry series is a valuable source for researchers and engineers working in natural product and medicinal chemistry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry Volume 31: Indices Part A encompasses the contents of the previous 30 volumes published in the Studies in Natural Products series. To make searching easier, the book is divided into four separate indices: Cumulative General Subject Index; Cumulative Organic Synthesis Index; Cumulative Pharmacological Activity Index and; Cumulative Biological Source Index, allowing readers to easily locate required information. This volume and the series remain an important addition to any library.
Hydraulic Handbook
9th Edition
Toby Hunt + 1 more
English
The first point of reference for design engineers, hydraulic technicians, chief engineers, plant engineers, and anyone concerned with the selection, installation, operation or maintenance of hydraulic equipment. The hydraulic industry has seen many changes over recent years and numerous new techniques, components and methods have been introduced. The ninth edition of the Hydraulic Handbook incorporates all these developments to provide a crucial reference manual for practical and technical guidance.
Cholinergic Mechanisms: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Significance
1st Edition
Volume 109
J. Klein + 1 more
English
This volume offers a comprehensive update and overview of the field of cholinergic transmission as presented by some thirty distinguished investigators who were recruited for their task from Germany, Great Britain, Canada, USA, Sweden, Israel, France and Italy. Exciting new discoveries, described in this volume, are due to recent methodological breakthroughs. These discoveries throw new light on many areas of cholinergic mechanisms.
The Polymodal Receptor - A Gateway to Pathological Pain
1st Edition
Volume 113
T. Kumazawa + 2 more
English
This volume is derived from a celebration of the career of Professor Takao Kumazawa at Nagoya University and includes papers from investigators throughout the world whose contributions are dedicated to his honour. Topics range from current studies and reviews of the impact of modern molecular biology on the contemporary knowledge of polymodal receptors, to reflections related to the career and lifetime achievements of a pioneer neurophysiologist who has focused on relatively simple modal systems, especially those concerned with deep or visceral sensing mechanisms and their role in the broad behavioral spectrum constituting pain.
Thermal Modeling of Petroleum Generation: Theory and Applications
1st Edition
Volume 45
C. Barker
English
Petroleum exploration has always been limited by the lack of adequate subsurface control. Exploration problems are usually problems of extrapolation i.e. to greater depth, to laterally equivalent rocks, or back through time.Models are widely used as a way of describing complex geological systems so that they can be treated quantitatively and used as the basis for extrapolations and predictions. Models consider, typically, a simplified geological system that can be described mathematically. It is very important to know what simplifying assumptions have been made, when these assumptions are valid, and under what conditions their use may not be appropriate. This requires an understanding of the concepts involved in building the model and how the model operates.Models are best used as a tool for probing the system and evaluating the sensitivity of the conclusions to possible uncertainties in the values of the input parameters. In a sense, models permit experimental petroleum geochemistry and allow the user to answer the What if? questions e.g. What if the geothermal gradient had been higher in the past? What if the organic matter type had been different?This book provides students, exploration geologists, and others who would like to use the available models, with a general idea of how the models work, what they can do, and what their limitations are.It also provides the information necessary to obtain the input data required by the commercial models.
Towards the Neurobiology of Chronic Pain
1st Edition
Volume 110
G. Carli + 1 more
English
This excellent volume provides a well-balanced review of activity-dependent modifications of synaptic efficacy which follow noxious events, and is based on the symposium "Towards the Neurobiology of Chronic Pain", organized in Siena, at the Certosa di Pontignano. The book will contribute to the continuing interest in understanding pain reinforcement by the brain. This emerging new concept can in turn be expected to have a great impact on the development of clinical paradigms of pain prevention and rehabilitation.
Immunobiology
1st Edition
Volume 6
Edward Bittar
English
As this volume demonstrates, immunobiology is a young science which is undergoing explosive growth. Judged by results, it is already an elaborate discipline which cuts across every other area in biomedical research and even has its own vocabolary (e.g., the "veto" effect). Rather than inculcate the habit of superficial learning by having the student go through a maze of details, we have sought to gather together sixteen essays that range from T-cells to psyhoneuroimmunology... This is keeping with the growing understanding that the student is expected to read and think far more for herself/himself.Next to nothing is known about innate immunity. However, recent evidence suggests that collectins might bridge the gap between innate immunity and specific clonal immune responses. Collectins are soluble effector proteins that include serum mannose-binding protein, and lung surfactants A and D. They are considered to be ante-antibodies.
Some Aspects of the Aging Process
1st Edition
Volume 1
P.S. Timiras + 1 more
English
In this volume, it is attempted to combine two approaches: the first chapters deal with cellular, endocrine, cardiovascular, and neural aging with emphasis on molecular and genetic mechanisms, while the last chapters deal with medical and physciatric interventions. Indeed, the two approaches are not only complementary but they may provide an integrated understanding of the aging process.The elderly are particularly heterogeneous in terms of physiologic competence and pathologic involvement: "successful"aging is clearly distinguishable from "usual" aging. Therefore, progress in molecular biology and genetics can be extremely helpful in indicating appropriate regimens for continuing "wellness" and disease treatment for each aged individual, perhaps more so for the old than for any other age period of the life span. Studies such as the current Human Genome Project are expected to identify genes responsible for rare, obscure diseases and, more importantly, to provide guidelines for optimizing the physiologic potential of all individuals, particularly the elderly. Medicine as it is currently practices may be viewed as a "mass" medicine: everyone receives the same regimen for maintenance of good health and the same treatment for the same diseases. Yet, we know that all diseases do not manifest in the same manner in all individuals, and, in the elderly, symptoms of a given disease often differ markedly from those in the young and adults. Many of these differences depend on the genes with which each individual is born; for example, genes which are adversely affected by excessive smoking or nutrition or lack of physical exercise and poor hygienic habits. The impact of our advancing knowledge of genetics will make it possible to discover which genes are in which form in a particular individual and use this information to refine and individualize prevention and treatment. In other words, in a not too distant future, we may witness a shift from "mass" to "custom" medicine. The individuals most likely to benefit from customized medicine are the elderly, often afflicted simultaneously with multiple diseases and with the side effects of polypharmacy. By presenting a book in which we have included chapters in both basic and clinical studies, we have taken a modest but innovative step toward strengthening communication between molecular and medical sciences.
Equilibria and Dynamics of Gas Adsorption on Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces
1st Edition
Volume 104
W.A. Steele + 2 more
English
The fact that the surfaces of real solids are geometrically distorted and chemically non-uniform has long been realized by the scientists investigating various phenomena occurring on solid surfaces. Even in the case when diffraction experiments show a well-organized bulk solid structure, the surface atoms or molecules will usually exhibit a much smaller degree of surface organization. In addition to the results obtained from electron diffraction, this can be seen in the impressive images obtained from STM and AFM microscopies. This geometric and chemical disorder is the source of the energetic heterogeneity for molecules adsorbing on real solid surfaces. Hundreds of papers have been published showing that this heterogeneity is a major factor in determining the behaviour of real adsorption systems.Studies of adsorption on energetically heterogeneous surfaces have proceeded along three somewhat separate paths, with only minor coupling of ideas. One was the study of adsorption equilibria on heterogeneous solid surfaces. The second path was the study of time evolution of adsorption processes such as surface diffusion or adsorption-desorptio... kinetics on heterogeneous surfaces, and the third was the study of adsorption in porous solids, or more generally, adsorption in systems with limited dimensions. The present monograph is a first attempt to provide a synthesis of the ways that surface geometric and energetic heterogeneities affect both the equilibria and the time evolution of adsorption on real solids. The book contains 17 chapters written by a team of internationally recognized specialists, some of whom have already published books on adsorption.

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