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Elsevier Science

Some Aspects of Oncology
1st Edition
Volume 1
G. Heppner + 1 more
English
The present volume is the first in the advances in oncobiology series. It is meant to be useful not only to clinical and non-clinical oncologists but also to graduate students and medical students. The individual chapters are presented as self-contained summaries of current knowledge rather than as reviews. The last chapter deals with the subject of chemotherapy.
Advances in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
1st Edition
Volume 1
D. LeRoith
English
Historically the field of endocrine research has always been at the forefront of scientific endeavors. The investigators of these important breakthroughs in research have been rewarded by numerous Nobel awards. In the field of diabetes alone, Nobel prizes have been awarded to researchers who discovered insulin, characterized the protein and invented radioimmunoassays using insulin as a paradigm. Not surprisingly, biomedical researchers have always been attracted by the endocrine system and other similar systems of intercellular communication.Over the past two decades, endocrine research has developed rapidly and adapted modern molecular and cellular biology techniques for its specific use. These changes have allowed researchers in the field to maintain their edge. Thus, endocrine disease-related genes have been characterized and mutations in these genes have helped explain common and less common endocrine disorders. Our understanding of the regulation of gene expression has been greatly enhanced by molecular techniques.In an attempt to bring investigators up to date with the recent advances in this exploding field we have decided to publish a series entitled Advances in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Internationally famous investigators have agreed to participate and their contributions are appreciated.Volume 1 has focused on aspects of the hypothalamic-pituita... axis including GnRH and GH gene regulation, molecular aspects of insulin, insulin-like growth factors and glucagon. In addition, reviews on the recently cloned calcium receptor and steroid receptor interactions with DNA are presented.
Instrumental Methods in Food Analysis
1st Edition
Volume 18
J.R.J. Paré + 1 more
English
Instrumental Methods in Food Analysis is aimed at graduate students in the science, technology and engineering of food and nutrition who have completed an advanced course in food analysis. The book is designed to fit in with one or more such courses, as it covers the whole range of methods applied to food analysis, including chromatographic techniques (HPLC and GC), spectroscopic techniques (AA and ICP), electroanalytical and electrophoresis techniques.No analysis can be made without appropriate sample preparation and in view of the present economic climate, the search for new ways to prepare samples is becoming increasingly important. Guided by the need for environmentally-frie... technologies, the editors chose two, relatively new techniques, the microwave-assisted processes (MAPTM (Chapter 10) and supercritical fluid extraction (Chapter 11).Features of this book:- is one the few academic books on food analysis specifically designed for a one semester or one year course-it contains updated information- the coverage gives a good balance between theory, and applications of techniques to various food commodities.The chapters are divided into two distinct sections: the first is a description of the basic theory regarding the technique and the second is dedicated to a description of examples to which the reader can relate in his/her daily work.
Natural Gas Conversion IV
1st Edition
Volume 107
M. de Pontes + 4 more
English
The Fourth International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium was attended by 180 delegates from 25 countries. Representation was evenly balanced between industry and academia. The opening address was delivered by Mr Roy Pithey, Chairman of South Africa's Central Energy Fund, who dealt with the importance and utilisation of natural gas in sub-Saharan Africa. Plenary lectures were presented by Professors E. Iglesia (Catalyst design and selectivity for F-T synthesis) and E.E. Wolf (Oxidative Coupling Methane). A number of keynote addresses were delivered:- Dr T. Fleisch (Amoco) described the use of DME as a transport fuel and the work which has been carried out in this area in collaboration with Haldor Topsoe- Professor L.D. Schmidt (Univ. of Minnesota) explained his work on the direct conversion of methane at high velocities- Dr B. Jager (SASTECH R & D) reported on the recent developments in slurry and fluidized bed F-T reactors as SASOL- Dr J. Rostrup-Nielsen (Haldor Topsoe) discussed the role of catalysis in the conversion of natural gas for power generation.Areas signalled for further research were: direct conversion of methane to intermediate monomers; methanol conversion to higher alcohols; CO/H2 conversion in a commercially viable route to higher alcohols; and CO/H2 conversion to high quality gasoline. It is obvious that such developments would fit into the energy cycle which has moved from wood, to coal, to oil, to gas, and will most probably move to hydrogen.
Transmembrane Receptors and Channels
1st Edition
Volume 6
A.G. Lee
English
Volume 6 of Biomembranes covers transmembrane receptors and channels. A particularly important role for the membrane is that of passing messages between a cell and its environment. Part I of this volume covers receptors for hormones and growth factors. Here, as in so many other areas of cell biology, the application of the methods of molecular biology have led to the recognition of a number of families of receptors. Typically, such receptors contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular catalytic domain whose activation, as a result of ligand binding, leads to generation of second messengers within the cell and stimulation of a range of cytosolic enzymes. An alternative signaling strategy, exploited in particular in the nervous system, is to use ion channels to allow controlled movement of monovalent (Na+, K+) or divalent (Ca2+) cations in or out of the cell, resulting in changes in membrane potential or alterations in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+. Part II of this volume is concerned with these ion channels and with other, often simpler, ion channel systems whose study can throw light on channel mechanism.
Protein Targeting to Mitochondria
1st Edition
Volume 17
F.U. Hartl
English
A large number of newly-synthesized polypeptides must cross one or several intracellular membranes to reach their functional locations in the eukaryotic cell. The mechanisms of protein trafficking, in particular the post-translational targeting and membrane translocation of proteins, are of fundamental biological importance and are the focus of intensive research world-wide. For more than 15 years, mitochondria have served as the paradigm organelle system to study these processes. Although key questions, such as how precisely proteins cross a membrane, still remain to be answered, exciting progress has been made in understanding the basic pathways of protein import into mitochondria and the components involved. In addition to a fascinating richness and complexity in detail, the analysis of mitochondrial protein import has revealed mechanistic principles of general significance: Major discoveries include the demonstration of the requirement of an unfolded state for translocation and of the essential role of molecular chaperones on both sides of the membranes in maintaining a translocation-compet... conformation and in protein folding after import. It is becoming clear how a polypeptide chain is "reeled" across the membrane in an ATP-dependent process by the functional cooperation of membrane proteins, presumably constituting part of a transmembrane channel, with peripheral components at the trans-side of the membrane.In this volume, eminent experts in the field take the time to review the central aspects of mitochondrial biogenesis. The logical order of the 16 chapters is determined by the sequence of steps during protein import, starting with the events taking place in the cytosol, followed by the recognition of targeting signals, the translocation of precursor proteins across the outer and inner membranes, their proteolytic processing and intramitochondrial sorting, and finally their folding and oligomeric assembly. In addition, the mechanisms involved in the export of mitochondrially encoded proteins as well as recent advances in understanding the division and inheritance of mitochondria will be discussed.
Cell Adhesion
1st Edition
Volume 16
D.R. Colman
English
One prerequisite for the evolution of multicellular organisms was the invention of mechanisms by which cells could adhere to one another. At some point in our history, dividing cells no longer went their separate protozoic ways in the primordial oceans, but instead found that by maintaining an association, by sticking together but not fusing, numerous evolutionary advantages became possible. The subsequent development of specialized tissues and organs depended on the elaboration of incredibly sophisticated, regulatable cell-to-cell adhesion mechanisms which are known to operate in biological processes as diverse as the growth of the embryo, the immune response, the establishment of connections between nerve cells, and arteriosclerosis, to name just a few. Although we can only guess at the ancestral mechanisms that fostered the first primitive intercellular unions, some one billion years ago, we now recognize contemporary molecular "themes" with presumably ancient origins that mediate cell-cell interactions. The chapters in this book serve as useful, thought-provoking, but not exhaustive, commentaries on contemporary topics within the broad field of cell adhesion. If the reader detects a slight tilt toward those adhesion molecules that function in the nervous system, this is merely a reflection of this editor's interests, biases, and of course, limitations.
Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Processes of Fractured Media
Mathematical and Experimental Studies
1st Edition
Volume 79
O. Stephanson + 2 more
English
This work brings together the results, information and data that emerged from an international cooperative project, DECOVALEX, 1992-1995. This project was concerned with the mathematical and experimental studies of coupled thermo(T) -hydro(H) -mechanical(M) processes in fractured media related to radioactive waste disposal.The book presents, for the first time, the systematic formulation of mathematical models of the coupled T-H-M processes of fractured media, their validation against theoretical bench-mark tests, and experimental studies at both laboratory and field scales. It also presents, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of continuum, and discrete approaches to the study of the problems of (as well as a complete description of), the computer codes applied to the studies.The first two chapters provide a conceptual introduction to the coupled T-H-M processes in fractured media and the DECOVALEX project. The next seven chapters give a state-of-the-art survey of the constitutive models of rock fractures and formulation of coupled T-H-M phenomena with continuum and discontinuum approaches, and associated numerical methods. A study on the three generic Bench-Mark Test problems and six Test Case problems of laboratory and field experiments are reported in chapters 10 to 18. Chapter 19 contains lessons learned during the project.The research contained in this book will be valuable for designers, practising engineers and national waste management officials who are concerned with planning, design and performance, and safety assessments of radioactive waste repositories. Researchers and postgraduate students working in this field will also find the book of particular relevance.
Hydrotreatment and Hydrocracking of Oil Fractions
1st Edition
Volume 106
B. Delmon + 2 more
English
The symposium on Hydrotreatment and Hydrocracking of Oil Fractions aims to provide a global perspective and an inspection of the state-of-the-art of these processes. New American, European and Japanese environmental regulations call for advanced hydrotreatment processes for HDS and HDN for the removal of S- and Ni-components from oil fractions. These will alter the product slate of the oil refineries and the hydrocarbon composition of these products. Hydrocracking will play an important part in this shift.Adapting the operating conditions will not suffice to reach the desired product specifications and yields. Adequate catalysts will have to be developed. Powerful tools are now available for this, e.g. surface science techniques, molecular modeling and new types of reactors operated in a nonsteady mode.Another instrument in the improvement of hydrotreatment and hydrocracking units is the availability of more realistic kinetic models. These are based on a judicious insight into the reaction mechanism, also provided by the above-mentioned tools. Progress in the analytical techniques has allowed the reduction of the lumping of components in these kinetic models and first order kinetic equations are gradually replaced by equations accounting for the adsorption of the various components.More detailed and more realistic reactor models are now based on rigorous hydrodynamic models and their application has become possible through the rapidly increasing possibilities of computers.
Non-Invasive Monitoring of Multiphase Flows
1st Edition
J. Chaouki + 2 more
English
Non-Invasive Monitoring of Multiphase Flows is a result of the latest advances realized in non-invasive measurement of multiphase systems by means of various tomographic and velocimetric techniques. Written by experts on special topics within the realm of this subject, the book reviews in 15 chapters the theoretical background and the physics of the measurement process for each of a number of techniques. In addition, the mathematical modeling related to the measured property, such as in the image reconstitution problem for tomography, successful application of the techniques for measurement in various multiphase systems and their advantages and limitations are described.Features of this book:- Comprehensive and Complete. Covers both theoretical and application viewpoints of noninvasive measuring techniques in multiphase systems. There is no book available on this subject in the field of multiphase flows- Versatile. Material is presented in such a way that the book can be used either for research or for teaching graduate students specializing in the topic of multiphase flows- Awareness and Uniformity. The engineering community is made aware of advantages of these new techniques and they are presented in a uniform package.The editors strive to provide a comprehensive compendium of all the relevant information essential for practising engineers, consultants, university professors, graduate students and technicians who are involved in the study of multiphase flow phenomena. The book, although directed to the study of multiphase systems of interest to the chemical engineer, also provides valuable information for all other engineering disciplines that deal with multiphase systems.

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