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Elsevier Science

Vibrational Intensities
1st Edition
Volume 22
B.S. Galabov + 1 more
English
The current volume is a single topic volume on the vibrational intensities in the infrared and Raman spectra. Vibrational intensities in infrared and Raman spectra are important physical quantities that are directly related to the distribution and fluctuations of electric charges in the molecule. These spectral parameters can be experimentally determined with good accuracy for many molecules. Additionally, infrared and Raman intensities are presently estimated theoretically by advanced analytical derivative ab initio molecular orbital methods. These fundamental molecular quantities are being used in structural, and other studies, on a limited basis.Features of this book- Presents in a systematic way, the theoretical approaches that are used in analyzing and predicting vibrational intensities- The formalisms developed are illustrated with detailed numerical examples- Most of the theoretical models described were obtained and then applied to chosen molecules- A consistent notation is used in presenting the different theoretical approaches, thus eliminating another barrier in understanding some methods, especially those developed by the Russian spectroscopic school.
Extrageniculostriate Mechanisms Underlying Visually-Guided Orientation Behavior
1st Edition
Volume 112
M. Norita + 2 more
English
The last few years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of areas known to be involved in mammalian vision. It has also seen a far greater understanding of the importance of reciprocal connections, intrinsic connections, structure-specific modules and modules which span different structures, as well as the introduction of parallel processing models within the thalamocortical and corticocortical streams.The body of knowledge has become so vast, and is growing so rapidly, that periodic updates are essential even for experts in the field. This volume is based on a satellite meeting of an international group of researchers. It emphasizes the most current information regarding midbrain and extrastriate mechanisms underlying vision and visually-guided behavior. The book also places these data into the larger context of how interrelated components of the visual system function to produce coherent visual experiences and behavior. New research findings are presented that are unavailable elsewhere, as well as reviews and broad perspectives in which existing data from multiple sources are brought together in order to help understand the structure and function of extrageniculostriate visual areas.
Molecular Electrostatic Potentials
Concepts and Applications
1st Edition
Volume 3
J.S. Murray + 1 more
English
Over the past 25 years, the molecular electrostatic potential has become firmly established as an effective guide to molecular interactions. With the recent advances in computational technology, it is currently being applied to a variety of important chemical and biological systems. Its range of applicability has expanded from primarily a focus on sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack to now include solvent effects, studies of zeolite, molecular cluster and crystal behavior, and the correlation and prediction of a wide range of macroscopic properties. Moreover, the increasing prominence of density functional theory has raised the molecular electrostatic potential to a new stature on a more fundamental conceptual level. It is rigorously defined in terms of the electron density, and has very interesting topological characteristics since it explicitly reflects opposing contributions from the nuclei and the electrons.This volume opens with a survey chapter by one of the original pioneers of the use of the electrostatic potential in studies of chemical reactivity, Jacopo Tomasi. Though the flow of the succeeding chapters is not stringently defined, the overall trend is that the emphasis changes gradually from methodology to applications. Chapters discussing more theoretical topics are placed near the end. Readers will find the wide variety of topics provided by an international group of authors both convincing and useful.
Environmental Geomorphology
1st Edition
Volume 4
Mario Panizza + 1 more
English
Geomorphology has now reached a certain level where the methodology, scientific content and resultsbeing published in the field make it worthy of being considered as a major environmental researcharea.In preparing Environmental Geomorphology, the author has given priority to methodology and illustrative case-histories. Schemes and classifications that would be ill-suited fora naturalistic, empirical and non-systematic discipline like geomorphology have been avoided.The concepts outlined in the text are based on a subdivision of geomorphological resources andhazards (as well as their links with man) together with the consequent risk and impactproblems.Each investigation, study or intervention concerning the environment, cannot ignoreeither the human context in which it occurs or man's history and prospects. It is necessary to have theright dialogue and relationship with the other disciplines making up this system so as to apply the mostsuitable methodologies and offer the most valid solutions.For some subjects covered in the book, specialists concerned with a particular section of environmental geomorphology were consulted. The text of eachchapter is accompanied by several illustrative schemes, figures and photographs, derived from realresearch and professional experiences.The volume is addressed both to university students studying topics of geomorphology as part of their syllabus, and to researchers and consultants(geologis... geographers, engineers, naturalists, etc.) working in the field.
Drugs and Human Lactation
A Comprehensive Guide to the Content and Consequences of Drugs, Micronutrients, Radiopharmaceuticals and Environmental and Occupational Chemicals in Human Milk
2nd Edition
A. Astrup-Jensen + 12 more
P.N. Bennett
English
Now in its second edition, Drugs and Human Lactation is a comprehensive guide to the content and consequences of xenobiotics and micronutrients in human milk, and remains by far the most thorough and extensive work available on this subject. The excellent methodology used for the compilation of the 1st edition has been retained.It begins with an outline of the processes by which substances enter milk during its formation, the effects of drugs on the milk production process, the main determinants of drug excretion into milk and their disposition in the child. There follows an analysis of current data on 234 individual drugs, describing the extent of their passage into human milk, and assessing the risk to the suckling infant. Vitamins and essential trace elements, and radiopharmaceuticals are similarly reviewed. Also included is an account of the factors that influence the passage of environmental and occupational chemicals into milk. The result is a complete overview of what is known and proven, with clear pointers to matters which require further study, and brings the various subject areas up to date. Risks, uncertainties and false alarms which exist have been defined in such a way that they can be avoided.Once again, Drugs and Human Lactation provides a comprehensive guide to the content and consequences of substances in milk. The volume will provide a rational basis for making therapeutic decisions in women who seek to breast-feed.Reproduc... Immunology on the first edition: ...a superbly written compendium of reliable information and sensible conclusions and recommendations.
Fundamentals of Inorganic Membrane Science and Technology
1st Edition
Volume 4
A.J. Burggraaf + 1 more
English
Inorganic membrane science and technology is a new field of membrane separation technology which until recently was dominated by the earlier field of polymer membranes. Currently the subject is undergoing rapid development and innovation.The present book describes the fundamental principles of both synthesis of inorganic membranes and membrane supports and also the associated phenomena of transport and separation in a semi-quantitative form.Features of this book:- Examples are given which illustrate the state-of-the-art in the synthesis of membranes with controlled properties- Future possibilities and limitations are discussed- The reader is provided with references to more extended treatments in the literature- Potential areas for future innovation are indicated.By combining aspects of both the science and technology of inorganic membranes this book serves as a useful source of information for scientists and engineers working in this field. It also provides some observations of important investigators who have contributed to the development of this subject.
The Language of Shape
The Role of Curvature in Condensed Matter: Physics, Chemistry and Biology
1st Edition
S. Hyde + 6 more
English
This book develops the thesis that structure and function in a variety of condensed systems - from the atomic assemblies in inorganic frameworks and organic molecules, through molecular self-assemblies to proteins - can be unified when curvature and surface geometry are taken together with molecular shape and forces. An astonishing variety of synthetic and biological assemblies can be accurately modelled and understood in terms of hyperbolic surfaces, whose richness and beauty are only now being revealed by applied mathematicians, physicists, chemists and crystallographers. These surfaces, often close to periodic minimal surfaces, weave and twist through space, carving out interconnected labyrinths whose range of topologies and symmetries challenge the imaginative powers.The book offers an overview of these structures and structural transformations, convincingly demonstrating their ubiquity in covalent frameworks from zeolites used for cracking oil and pollution control to enzymes and structural proteins, thermotropic and lyotropic bicontinuous mesophases formed by surfactants, detergents and lipids, synthetic block copolymer and protein networks, as well as biological cell assemblies, from muscles to membranes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The relation between structure and function is analysed in terms of the previously neglected hidden variables of curvature and topology. Thus, the catalytic activity of zeolites and enzymes, the superior material properties of interpenetrating networks in microstructured polymer composites, the transport requirements in cells, the transmission of nerve signals and the folding of DNA can be more easily understood in the light of this.The text is liberally sprinkled with figures and colour plates, making it accessible to both the beginning graduate student and researchers in condensed matter physics and chemistry, mineralogists, crystallographers and biologists.
Recent Developments and Applications of Modern Density Functional Theory
1st Edition
Volume 4
Jorge M. Seminario
English
The present status of Density Functional Theory (DFT), which has evolved as the main technique for the study of matter at the atomistic level, is described in this volume. Knowing the behavior of atoms and molecules provides a sure avenue for the design of new materials with specific features and properties in many areas of science and technology. A technique based on purely first principles allowing large savings in time and money greatly benefits the specialist or designer of new materials.The range of areas where DFT is applied has expanded and continues to do so. Any area where a molecular system is the center of attention can be studied using DFT.The scope of the 22 chapters in this book amply testifies to this.
Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice
1st Edition
Volume 5
S.S. Bhojwani + 1 more
English
Since the publication of the first edition in 1983, several new and exciting developments have taken place in the field of plant tissue culture, which forms a major component of what is now called plant biotechnology. The revised edition presents updated information on theoretical, practical and applied aspects of plant tissue culture. Each chapter has been thoroughly revised and, as before, is written in lucid language, includes relevant media protocols, and is profusely illustrated with self-explanatory diagrams and original photographs. This book includes three new chapters: "Variant selection", "Genetic Engineering" and "Production of Industrial Compounds" and contains a complete bibliography and a glossary of terms commonly used in tissue culture literature.This updated version proves to be an excellent text for undergraduate, postgraduate students and teachers in various fields of plant sciences and a useful reference book for those interested in the application of any aspect of this aseptic technology.
Embankments on Organic Soils
1st Edition
Volume 80
J. Hartlén + 1 more
English
More and more civil engineering constructions are being built on soft soils. As areas with better foundations are used up the necessity to be able to build structures on soft soils increases.The most troublesome of soft soils are organic soils due mainly to their high compressibility (much higher than in mineral soils), and also their very low shear strength. The large diversity of organic soils with respect to their origin as well as their properties make classification, testing, and engineering prediction of behaviour, very difficult. For this reason, engineers try, in general, to avoid constructing on deep layers of organic soils. If forced, by necessity, to do so, they manage with light structures e.g. embankments or low buildings.The authors of this book have been involved in a joint research project on the testing of embankments on organic soils. This was carried out in the North-Western part of Poland by the Swedish Geotechnical Institute and the Department of Geotechnics of Warsaw Agricultural University.The results of their research is presented in this new book and provides a valuable insight into this growing area in the field of engineering geology.

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