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Elsevier Science

Theory of the Earth's Shape
1st Edition
Volume 13
V.C. Dragomir + 3 more
English
Theory of the Earth's Shape considers the physical-mathematica... problems raised by the determination of the form of the planet, thereby making a significant contribution to the technological scientific literature in this field. This book is organized into six parts encompassing 29 chapters. The first part, entitled Physical Geodesy, presents the theory of the determination of the gravitational field, in the definition of which preference was given to the method of expansion in spherical harmonics recommended by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in establishing the international "Geodetic Reference System 1967". Part II deals with the principal aspects of Ellipsoidal Geodesy, such as the methods of solving the geodetic problems on the reference ellipsoid. Part III considers the main problems associated with Astro-geodetic Triangulation, particularly with the conception of materialization and the necessary measurements as the required adjustment procedures. This part also provides approaches regarding the controlled analysis of angular measurements and the description of some original calculation and measurement methods. Part IV concerns one of the methods of determining the spatial coordinates of the geodetic points in a unitary system, such as the three-dimensional geodesy, which has had more concrete applications since the launching of the Earth's first artificial satellites. Part V describes the methods for determining the terrestrial ellipsoid and the geoid, as well as the conventional methods and the methods of Dynamical Geodesy. Part VI discusses the geodetic methods for the determination of the movements of the Earth's crust, along with an overall examination of the theoretical and practical aspects which in principle constitute the object of such activities. This book will prove useful to geophysicists, astronomers, Earth scientists, and researchers.
Ground Freezing 1980
Selected Papers from the Second International Symposium on Ground Freezing, Trondheim, Norway, 24-26 June 1980
1st Edition
Volume 28
P.E. Frivik + 3 more
English
These papers cover mechanical properties and processes; thermal properties, processes and design; frost action in soils; and design and case histories.
Selected Topics in High Temperature Chemistry
Defect Chemistry of Solids
1st Edition
Volume 9
Ø. Johannesen + 1 more
English
The properties of materials at high temperature play a vital role in their processing and practical use. The real properties of materials at elevated temperatures are very often governed by defects in their structure. Lattice defects may consist of point defects like vacancies, interstitial atoms or substituted atoms. These classes are discussed in general and specifically for oxides, nitrides, carbides and sulfides. Defect aggregates, shear structures and adaptive structures are also described. Special attention is paid to hydrogen defects which seem to play an important role in several materials.Defects in solids lead to transport properties such as diffusion and conductivity. These themes are thoroughly treated in this book, with examples from various materials being provided. Special attention is paid to the transport properties of grain boundaries. In high temperature corrosion and other types of oxidation, the diffusion of atoms through the reaction products is often the rate limiting step of the reaction. This book takes the reader from the theoretical treatment of defects to applications in high temperature corrosion. Reactions between metals and pure oxygen lead to the formation of oxides on the surface, and the reaction rates may often be related to the diffusion coefficients of the oxide. However, in practical use alloys are subjected to other severe gaseous atmospheres which may often lead to accelerated attack on the material. The severest condition, namely where a salt deposit is combined with oxidizing gases, is called hot corrosion. This and other types of corrosion are also covered. Finally, a chapter is devoted to the prevention of corrosive attack on materials by the addition of rare earth metals.The book has been published in honour of Professor Per Kofstad on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Professor Kofstad has for many years been active in the field of high temperature chemistry in all its aspects, from basic and theoretical work to its application in high temperature corrosion of metals and alloys. The various chapters have been contributed by his friends and colleagues, all of whom are international experts in the field.
Solid Fuels and Heavy Hydrocarbon Liquids
Thermal Characterization and Analysis
2nd Edition
Rafael Kandiyoti + 3 more
English
Solid Fuels and Heavy Hydrocarbon Liquids: Thermal Characterisation and Analysis, Second Edition integrates the developments that have taken place since publication of the first edition in 2006. This updated material includes new insights that help unify the thermochemical reactions of biomass and coal, as well as new developments in analytical techniques, including new applications in size exclusion chromatography, several mass spectrometric techniques, and new applications of nuclear magnetic spectroscopy to the characterization of heavy hydrocarbon liquids The topics covered are essential for the energy and fuels research community, including academics, students, and research engineers working in the power, oil and gas, and renewable energy industries.
Microplastic Pollutants
1st Edition
Christopher Blair Crawford + 1 more
English
Microplastic Pollutants introduces the reader to the growing problem of microplastic pollution in the aquatic environment and is the first ever book dedicated exclusively to the subject of microplastics. Importantly, this timely full-colour illustrated multidisciplinary book highlights the very recent realization that microplastics may transport toxic chemicals into food chains around the world. Microplastic pollutants is currently an important topic in both industry and academia, as well as among legislative bodies, and research in this area is gaining considerable attention from both the worldwide media and scientific community on a rapidly increasing scale. Ultimately, this book provides an excellent source of reference and information on microplastics for scientists, engineers, students, industry, policy makers and citizens alike.
Specifications of Photovoltaic Pumping Systems in Agriculture
Sizing, Fuzzy Energy Management and Economic Sensitivity Analysis
1st Edition
Imene Yahyaoui
English
Specifications of Photovoltaic Pumping Systems in Agriculture: Sizing, Fuzzy Energy Management and Economic Sensitivity Analysis is the first book of its kind to discuss the physical installation and sizing of PV pumping systems, also providing a successful energy management operation and economic sensitivity analysis. In order to balance production with consumption, and to improve the lifetime of batteries, Imene Yahyaoui offers a complete study through sensitive analysis of system components and sizing algorithms, providing guidance for efficient energy conversion and management for off-grid systems. From this single source, readers will be equipped with all the necessary data they need to understand, plan, and implement cost reduced systems.
Short-Wavelength Magnetic Recording
New Methods and Analyses
1st Edition
J.J.M. Ruigrok
English
Short-wavelength magnetic recording presents a series of practical solutions to a wide range of problems in the field of magnetic recording. It features many new and original results, all derived from fundamental principles as a result of up-to-date research.A special section is devoted to the playback process, including the calculations of head efficiency and head impedance, derived from new theorems.Features include:A simple and fast method for measuring efficiency; a simple method for the accurate separation of the read and write behaviour of magnetic heads; a new concept - the bandpass head.Other types of head covered include: the metal-in-gap head; the amarphous head; the thin-film head; the magneto-resistive head; and probe-type heads for perpendicular recording.The introduction includes an invaluable historical summary of magnetic recording, and the book also features an extensive subject index, complete author index, and a glossary of symbols."The scope and mathematical rigour of this book can only be compared with W.K. Westmijze's 1953 landmark "Studies in Magnetic Recording""The easy writing style (renders) the mathematical treatments readily understandable as physical propositions... A careful study of this book cannot help but provide the reader with the most profound insights into the limits of short-wavelength recording." John C. Mallinson, Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Dictionary of Physical Metallurgy
In Five Languages: English, German, French, Russian and Spanish
1st Edition
R. Freiwillig + 5 more
English
This dictionary reflects developments in physical metallurgy, namely the growth of strong ties to the physics of metals. Thus the terms relating to lattice defects and their properties and to laboratory tests revealing their effects on macroscopic behaviour of metallic materials, are extensively covered. Theory of dislocations and work hardening, high temperature deformation, fatigue and fracture, metallography and phase changes are all broadly covered, whilst terms related to technical operations such as heat and mechanical treatment as well as the corresponding equipment have been incorporated to a lesser extent.The work is based on the Dictionary of Scientific Terms from Physical Metallurgy published in parts during the years 1968-1976 in the Czechoslovak journal Metallic Materials and on its revised and extended version published in 1981 by Veda, the publishing house of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. The Czech and Slovak languages of the two preceding versions have been omitted, and Spanish has been included; the Russian part has been substantially complemented by synonyms.The dictionary provides university students, research workers and engineers with the vocabulary of basic terms used in this branch of science. It is also a useful tool for translators.
Analysis and Synthesis of Chemical Process Systems
1st Edition
K. Hartmann + 1 more
L.M. Rose
English
The methods used by chemists and chemical engineers for the conception, design and operation of chemical process systems have undergone significant changes in the last 10 years. The most important of modern computer-aided techniques are process analysis and process system synthesis, both of which are closely related. The first part of the book presents the principles of model building, simulation and model application. On the basis of an appropriate set of hierarchical levels of chemical systems, the general strategy of analysis by deterministic and statistical methods is treated. The second part deals with process system synthesis beginning with reaction path analysis. One of the major features of this part are new methods for the synthesis of reactor networks, separation sequences, heat-exchanger systems and entire chemical process systems by a combined procedure of heuristic rules and fuzzy set algorithms. This procedure, which is known as knowledge engineering, is an efficient combination of human creativity and theoretically based knowledge. This book, which is illustrated by examples, should prove extremely useful as a text for a senior/graduate course for students of chemistry and chemical engineering and will also be invaluable for chemists and chemical engineers in research and industry, and specialists dealing with the analysis and synthesis of process systems.
NMR of Paramagnetic Molecules
Applications to Metallobiomolecules and Models
2nd Edition
Volume 2
Ivano Bertini + 3 more
English
NMR of Paramagnetic Molecules: Applications to Metallobiomolecules and Models, Second Edition is a self-contained, comprehensive reference for chemists, physicists, and life scientists whose research involves analyzing paramagnetic compounds. Since the previous edition of this book was published, there have been many advancements in the field of paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. This completely updated and expanded edition contains the latest fundamental theory and methods for mastery of this analytical technique. Users will learn how to interpret the NMR spectra of paramagnetic molecules, improve experimental techniques, and strengthen their understanding of the underlying theory and applications.

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