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Academic Press

  • The Visual Process

    The Eye
    • 1st Edition
    • Hugh Davson
    • English
    The Eye: Volume 2, The Visual Process is a compendium of papers that describes the physiology of the eye, particularly the visual functions, the photobiology of the visual process, and the visual pathway. One paper describes the light stimuli used in physiological experiments concerning vision in terms of their spectral energy distribution, particularly the amounts of light absorbed by the photosensitive substances contained in the retinal receptors. Another paper explains the mosaic-like arrangement of the receptors and the variations of this mosaic in the different regions of the retina, including the Purkinje phenomenon which can cause errors in visual measurements. One paper examines the directional properties of the rods at long wavelengths and the theory of the Stiles-Crawford effect. Other papers investigate the limits of the visible spectrum, the scotopic luminous efficiency, theories of dark-adaptation, as well as the minimum retinal illumination, the minimum flux of energy, and the minimum amount necessary for vision. One paper notes that whereas one rod can be stimulated by one quantum (a discrete process involving one pigment molecule), it is not sufficient to make a human subject see a light stimulus. The compendium is invaluable for researchers and investigators involved in physiology, psychology, ophthalmology, and in all branches of ocular physiology.

  • A Course in Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations

    • 1st Edition
    • Zalman Rubinstein
    • English
    A Course in Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations discusses ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations. The book reviews the solution of elementary first-order differential equations, existence theorems, singular solutions, and linear equations of arbitrary order. It explains the solutions of linear equations with constant coefficients, operational calculus, and the solutions of linear differential equations. It also explores the techniques of computing for the solution of systems of linear differential equations, which is similar to the solutions of linear equations of arbitrary order. The text proves that if the coefficients of some differential equations possess certain restricted types of singularities, the solution will have Taylor series expansions about the singular points. The investigator can calculate a divergent series whose partial sums numerically approximate the solution for large x if the point in question is infinity, of which the series will be a Taylor series of negative powers of x. The book also explains the Fourier transform, its applications to partial differential equations, as well as the Hilbert space approach to partial differential equations. The book is a stimulating material for mathematicians, for professors, or for students of pure and applied mathematics, physics, or engineering.

  • Computing Methods in Optimization Problems

    Proceedings of a Conference Held at University of California, Los Angeles January 30-31, 1964
    • 1st Edition
    • A. V. Balakrishnan + 1 more
    • English
    Computing Methods in Optimization Problems deals with hybrid computing methods and optimization techniques using computers. One paper discusses different numerical approaches to optimizing trajectories, including the gradient method, the second variation method, and a generalized Newton-Raphson method. The paper cites the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and compares the second variation method (a direct method) with the generalized Newton-Raphson method (an indirect method). An example problem illustrates the application of the three methods in minimizing the transfer time of a low-thrust ion rocket between the orbits of Earth and Mars. Another paper discusses an iterative process for steepest-ascent optimization of orbit transfer trajectories to minimize storage requirements such as in reduced memory space utilized in guidance computers. By eliminating state variable storage and control schedule storage, the investigator can achieve reduced memory requirements. Other papers discuss dynamic programming, invariant imbedding, quasilinearization, Hilbert space, and the computational aspects of a time-optimal control problem. The collection is suitable for computer programmers, engineers, designers of industrial processes, and researchers involved in aviation or control systems technology.

  • Computer Programming

    A Mixed Language Approach
    • 3rd Edition
    • Marvin L. Stein + 1 more
    • English
    Computer Programming: A Mixed Language Approach describes computer programming from a mixed language perspective. More specifically, it examines how to make effective use of the hardware and software aspects of the total system using the mixed languages that are a composite of the absolute machine languages and the more facile problem-oriented languages. In addition to the absolute machine language required by the computer "hardware" and the problem-oriented language provided by the "software" of symbolic assembly programs and compilers, a third kind of programming language is considered, namely, the symbolic machine language. Comprised of nine chapters, this book illustrates mixed language programming using Fortran and the Fortran Symbolic Assembly Program. The discussion begins by describing a modern digital computer and introducing the general theory of number systems. Subsequent chapters focus on the way in which computing machines are organized to perform their functions; how a computer executes the sequence of instructions and performs a given calculation, a process known as coding; and non-arithmetic instructions used on computers. Subroutines, input-output, and assembly of complete programs are also explored. The final chapter is devoted to Fortran and programs written completely in Fortran, as well as executive programs and programs in mixed languages. This monograph is intended for both professional programmers-to-be and non-professionals in computer programming.

  • College Algebra and Trigonometry

    • 2nd Edition
    • Bernard Kolman + 1 more
    • English
    College Algebra and Trigonometry, Second Edition provides a comprehensive approach to the fundamental concepts and techniques of college algebra and trigonometry. The book incorporates improvements from the previous edition to provide a better learning experience. It contains chapters that are devoted to various mathematical concepts, such as the real number system, the theory of polynomial equations, trigonometric functions, and the geometric definition of each conic section. Progress checks, warnings, and features are inserted. Every chapter contains a summary, including terms and symbols with appropriate page references; key ideas for review to stress the concepts; review exercises to provide additional practice; and progress tests to provide self-evaluation and reinforcement. The answers to all Review Exercises and Progress Tests appear in the back of the book. College students will find the book very useful and invaluable.

  • Multi-Objective Programming in the USSR

    • 1st Edition
    • Elliot R. Lieberman
    • Gerald J. Lieberman + 1 more
    • English
    Statistical Modeling and Decision Science: Multi-Objective Programming in the USSR provides information pertinent to multi-objective programming that has emerged as an increasingly active area of research in the fields of applied mathematics, operations research, and decision and management science. This book traces and analyzes the development of Soviet multi-objective programming. Organized into 24 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the research institutes most actively involved in multi-objective programming research. This text then presents an analytical framework for grouping and classifying the diverse Soviet methods. Other chapters consider the methods and then evaluated according to the significance and soundness of its basic approach and its kinship to other methods. This book discusses as well some significant Soviet theoretical research and several distinctive approaches proposed by Soviet researchers for comparing the effectiveness of alternative interactive multi-objective programming method. The final chapter deals with distinctive Soviet tendencies in multi-objective research. This book is a valuable resource for economists.

  • Calcium Physiology

    An Advanced Treatise
    • 1st Edition
    • C. L. Comar + 1 more
    • English
    Mineral Metabolism, Volume III: Calcium Physiology focuses on the processes, reactions, and approaches involved in calcium metabolism and study of bones. The selection first underscores the measurements and models of skeletal metabolism and advances in the physical biology of bone and other hard tissues, including measurements and concepts, composition and structure of bone minerals, and dynamic studies of bone minerals. The text then takes a look at calcium and striated muscle and renal excretion of alkaline earths. Topics include physicochemical state of alkaline earth cations in plasma and urine, effects of drugs, renal diseases, calcium and contractile proteins, resting potential and action potential, calcium and muscle contraction, and coupling of excitation and energy synthesis. The book examines the aspects of intestinal absorption of calcium, with special reference to vitamin D, as well as the physiological mechanism of the intestinal absorption of calcium; effect of other nutritional and physiological factors on calcium absorption; and structure of the intestinal epithelial cell. The selection is a dependable source material for physiologists and readers interested to pursue research on calcium physiology.

  • Axial Flow Fans

    Design and Practice
    • 1st Edition
    • R. A. Wallis
    • English
    Axial Flow Fans: Design and Practice focuses on the design of axial flow fans and the practices involved in their applications. The manuscript first offers information on the fluid mechanics of ducted fans, boundary layer and skin friction relations, and aerofoil data for blade design. Discussions focus on flow deflection in cascade of aerofoils, pitching moment, lift, surface roughness in turbulent boundary layers, turbulent boundary layers in pressure gradients, laminar skin friction, viscosity and boundary layers, and similarity and non-dimensional numbers. The text then ponders on vortex flows in ducting and fan, ducts, and introduction to fan design methods. The book takes a look at the momentum and blade element considerations on free vortex flow of rotor and rotor losses. Topics include momentum considerations, profile drag, tip clearance losses, optimum conditions in terms of the flow and swirl coefficients, pressure relations and velocity vectors, and thrust and torque gradients. Tail fairing design and associated losses, overall efficiencies, torque, thrust, and power, and the design of fan unit with arbitrary vortex flow are also discussed. The publication is a dependable source of information for engineers and readers interested in the design of axial flow fans and practices involved in their operation.

  • Space Trajectories

    A Symposium Sponsored by the American Astronautical Society, the Advanced Research Projects Agency, and Radiation Incorporated
    • 1st Edition
    • The Technical Staff, Research Division, + 1 more
    • English
    Space Trajectories covers the proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the American Astronautical Society, Advanced Research Projects Agency, and Radiation Incorporated, held on December 14-15, 1959. The book focuses on the field of trajectory analysis, including orbital and trajectory computations, tracking of satellites, and the use of computer programs in space missions. The selection first tackles satellite and probe orbit determination, general survey of the field, and astrodynamics, as well as theoretical, computational, and operational problems, application to lunar orbits, and contributions of satellite observations. The book then examines trajectory constants and trajectory computation and optimization. Discussions focus on the classical method of orbital computation, effect of uncertainty on interplanetary orbits, masses, diameter, and flattening of planets, and determination of the physical constants of the moon. The manuscript takes a look at trajectory computation and optimization, trajectory computation in systems design, and computer programs for space missions. Topics include simulation and targeting programs, satellite tracking methods, direct numerical integration, classical methods of orbital computation, and references on trajectory computation and optimization. Space-born computer design, space maneuvers, and re-entry trajectories and problems of hypersonic flow are also mentioned. The selection is a valuable source of data for astronauts and readers interested in space trajectories.

  • Evolving Genes and Proteins

    A Symposium Held at the Institute of Microbiology of Rutgers • the State University with Support from the National Science Foundation
    • 1st Edition
    • Vernon Bryson + 1 more
    • English
    Evolving Genes and Proteins covers the proceedings of the "Evolving Genes and Proteins" symposium, held at the Institute of Microbiology of Rutgers, The State University on September 17 and 18, 1964, with support from the National Science Foundation. The book focuses on the structural and functional features of proteins and nucleic acids. The selection first offers information on lysine biosynthesis and evolution, lipid patterns in the evolution of organisms, and evolution of heme and chlorophyll. Discussions focus on the evolution of the genes of the porphyrin biosynthetic chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants and animals, and diagnostic radiocarbon tracers. The text then examines evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins; evolution of hemoglobin in primates; and constancy and variability of protein structure in respiratory and viral proteins. The publication takes a look at the comparative aspects of the structure and function of phosphoglucomutase, evolution of dehydrogenases, and enzymatic homology and analogy in phylogeny. The text also ponders on the evolution of an enzyme, role of mutations in evolution, enzyme catalysis and color of light in bioluminescent reactions, and evolution of the lactose utilization gene system in enteric bacteria. The selection is a valuable reference for microbiologists and readers interested in the study of genes and proteins.

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