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Elsevier

Books in Environmental sciences

The Environmental Sciences titles present critical research and insights into the complex interactions within natural ecosystems, climate systems, and human impacts on the environment. Covering areas such as biodiversity, sustainability, climate change, and resource management, these titles support scientific discovery and practical solutions for addressing today’s most pressing environmental challenges. This collection is essential for researchers, policymakers, and students dedicated to advancing environmental understanding and stewardship

  • Diversity of Environmental Biogeochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • J. Berthelin
    • W.S. Fyfe
    • English
    Biogeochemistry, still in its formative stage twenty years ago, is now a young, interdisciplinary subfield of earth sciences, life sciences and chemistry. An international scientific association (International Symposia on Environmental Biogeochemistry incorporated - ISEB) was founded to organize international symposia to bring together microbiologists, biologists, chemists, geochemists, soil scientists, oceanographers, ecologists and environmental engineers interested in the biogeochemistry of terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric environments.After the 8th ISEB held in Nancy, France, this volume was compiled. These fifty selected contributions from specialists of varying backgrounds and interests show the diversity and the common framework of the direct or indirect interactions of living organisms and their abiotic environments.

  • Oil in Freshwater: Chemistry, Biology, Countermeasure Technology

    Proceedings of the Symposium of Oil Pollution in Freshwater, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
    • 1st Edition
    • John H. Vandermeulen + 1 more
    • English
    Oil In Freshwater: Chemistry, Biology, Countermeasure Technology presents the proceedings of the Symposium of Oil Pollution held in Freshwater, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada represents a collection of scientific knowledge on state-of-the-art monitoring and cleanup of oil pollution in fresh waters. The book covers the major subject areas of the physical and chemical fates of oil and petroleum in freshwater environments; biological and ecological effects, biodegradability and microbiological considerations, fate in runoff and wastewater treatment, and aquifer contamination. The book discusses the solubilities of substances from tar sands and heavy oils; the physical and chemical behavior of oils; and the carcinogenic and toxic effects of oil and oil products, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on freshwater communities and ecosystems. The text also describes microbial biodegradability; oil related pollutants in road and urban runoff and during municipal and industrial wastewater treatment; and cleanup and disposal technologies. Oil pollution of aquifers has been thoroughly covered.

  • Colloids in the Aquatic Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • Th. F. Tadros + 1 more
    • English
    Colloids in the Aquatic Environment covers the proceedings of the International Symposium by the same title, held at the University College London on September 7-9, 1992, organized by the SCI Colloid and Surface Chemistry Group. This book is divided into 20 chapters and begins with an introduction to the fundamentals of surface structure and reactivity. The succeeding chapters deal with molecular mass determination of humic substances from natural waters, the biospecific mechanism of double layer formation, the dynamics of colloid deposition in porous media, and the evaluation of surface area and size distributions of soil particles. These topics are followed by discussions of the transport and capture of colloids; colloidal stability of natural organic matter; the hydrolytic precipitation and modeling ion binding by humic acids; and the thermodynamic aspects and photoelectrophoresis of colloids. Other chapters explore the colloidal transfer in several aquatic environments. The final chapters consider the mechanism of colloid detachment, speciation, partitioning, and stability. These chapters also look into a hybrid equilibrium model of solute transport in porous media in the presence of colloids. This book will be of great value to civil and environmental engineers.

  • Basic Water and Wastewater Treatment

    Butterworths Basic Series
    • 1st Edition
    • T H Y Tebbutt
    • English
    Basic Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses the water cycle, flow measurement, physical treatment processes, chemical treatment processes, biological treatment process, and sludge handling and treatment. The book also describes the use of the BASIC computer program to calculate problems involving water pollutants. Flow measurements involve the use of a gauging structure, velocity measurements of a known cross-section, or dilution gauging. To evaluate, in quantitative terms, the effects of a certain pollutant discharged and received by a body of water, the investigator can employ a tool in chemical dilution gauging—the mass balance analysis. Many microorganisms, organic and inorganic compounds degrade in a natural process of self-purification; their decay can be modeled as an exponential function. One standard of water treatment facility or wastewater treatment plant cannot be built to deal with all the various components of water pollution. The book cites relevant standards such as the EC Directive 80/778/EEC: "Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption" in the EU; the "Safe Drinking Water Act" in the U.S.A.; and the "Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality" issued by the World Health Organization. The book describes water quality parameters, water supply sources, and wastewater collection, including its treatment and disposal.

  • Underwater Scattering and Radiation

    Physical Acoustics
    • 1st Edition
    • Allan D. Pierce + 1 more
    • English
    Underwater Scattering and Radiation describes the relevant theoretical foundations of underwater scattering and radiation. Acoustic scattering from elastic solids is discussed, and variational formulations in acoustic radiation and scattering are presented. Surface waves and quasi-cylindrical modes are also explored, along with the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral corollaries. Comprised of two chapters, this volume begins with a comprehensive account of scattering by elastic objects, focusing on the classic idealized shapes of spheres and infinite cylinders. The reader is introduced to important concepts such as normal modes, the S-matrix, and the T-matrix as well as resonances, whispering gallery modes, Franz modes, and Stoneley waves. Subsequent sections describe methods for treating scattering by elastic bodies of more general shapes. The T-matrix formalism is discussed and then applied to spheroidal scatterers and finite cylinders. The second chapter analyzes how variational principles can be used in acoustics, with the choice of topics directed toward applications to underwater acoustic radiation and scattering. This book will be of interest to physicists.

  • Natural Resources, Uncertainty, and General Equilibrium Systems

    Essays in Memory of Rafael Lusky
    • 1st Edition
    • Alan S. Blinder + 1 more
    • English
    Natural Resources, Uncertainty, and General Equilibrium Systems: Essays in Memory of Rafael Lusky compiles a collection of works by economists who had been friends and colleagues of Rafael Lusky, a teacher in the University of Florida and contributor to theoretical resource economics. This book is divided into four sections— natural resources, uncertainty, general equilibrium systems, and policy and applications. In these sections, this text specifically discusses the resource depletion with technological uncertainty and the Rawlsian fairness principle; monopoly, uncertainty, and exploration; and price discrimination under uncertainty. The insurance theoretic aspects of workers' compensation; adverse selection and optimum insurance policies; and difficulty with Keynesian models of aggregate demand are also elaborated. This compilation likewise deliberates the exchange model of bilateral trade; optimal taxes on foreign lending; and extended linear permanent expenditure system (ELPES). This publication is a useful reference for economists and students concerned with theoretical resource economics.

  • Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Drinking Water

    • 1st Edition
    • Talbert N. Eisenberg + 1 more
    • English
    Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Drinking Water discusses the use of reverse osmosis in the treatment of drinking water, as well as the applications of reverse osmosis on industrial and municipal wastewater. The book covers topics such as the general principles of reverse osmosis; the removal of inorganic wastes, organic wastes, and microorganisms by reverse osmosis; the membranes of the reverse osmosis system, and its cleaning and maintenance. The book also includes topics such as the pretreatment for reverse osmosis installations; the approval criteria of regulatory agencies for reverse osmosis installations; and future possible developments in the use of reverse osmosis treatment. The text is recommended for those in water treatments who would like to know more about the processes involved in reverse osmosis treatment.

  • Pollution Prevention Pays

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael G Royston
    • English

  • Heavy Metals in the Aquatic Environment

    Proceedings of the International Conference Held in Nashville, Tennessee, December 1973
    • 1st Edition
    • P. A. Krenkel
    • English
    Heavy Metals in the Aquatic Environment contains the proceedings of an international conference held in Nashville, Tennessee in December 1973. This conference is co-sponsored by the International Association on Water Pollution Research, the Sport Fishing Institute, the American Fishing Tackle Manufacturers Association, and Vanderbilt University's Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering. Contributors focus on the hazards posed by heavy metals present in the aquatic environment and how to control them. This text consists of 45 chapters divided into eight sections. This book assesses the environmental impact of heavy metals found in the aquatic environment; the economic impact of removing them from waste effluents; and the costs vs. benefits attained by their removal. The social costs are also evaluated. After an introduction to dose-response relationships resulting from human exposure to methylmercury compounds, the discussion turns to the toxicity of cadmium in relation to itai-itai disease; the effects of heavy metals on fish and aquatic organisms; and the analytical methods used for measuring concentrations of methylmercury and other heavy metals. The next sections explore the transport, distribution, and removal of heavy metals, along with regulations, standards, surveillance, and monitoring aimed at addressing the problem. This book will be of interest to planners and policymakers involved in water pollution control.

  • Antarctica

    • 1st Edition
    • N. Bonner + 1 more
    • English
    Antarctica, a vast land remote from the other continents and still the least known of them all, provides a unique international laboratory for science. Despite the costs, a growing number of countries are supporting basic scientific research on the continent and in its surrounding seas. Our knowledge of life in this extreme environment, although limited, suggests that it is a key environment for many areas of science. Potential economic developments for food and minerals as well as increasing political complications might jeopardise the present scientific accord in the future. Now is the time to take stock: what do we know about Antarctic ecology? What are the threats and how can they be met? In this volume Antarctic scientists from six countries write about the Antarctic ecosystem.

  • Applications of New Concepts of Physical-Chemical Wastewater Treatment

    Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee September 18-22, 1972
    • 1st Edition
    • W.W. Eckenfelder + 1 more
    • English
    Applications of New Concepts of Physical-Chemical Wastewater Treatment deals with novel concepts of physical-chemical wastewater treatment, with particular reference to their engineering applications. Topics covered range from ultrahigh rate filtration of municipal wastewater to the applicability of carbon adsorption in the treatment of petrochemical wastewaters, along with regeneration of activated carbon and dewatering of physical-chemical sludges. Comprised of 31 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the use of physical-chemical methods for the treatment of municipal wastes and for direct wastewater treatment. The following chapters focus on the interrelationships between biological treatment and physicochemical treatment; some problems associated with the treatment of sewage by non-biological processes; treatment of wastes generated by metal finishing and engineering industries; and the principles and practice of granular carbon reactivation. The precipitation of calcium phosphate in wastewaters is also considered, together with the use of surface stirrers for ammonia desorption from ponds. This book will be a valuable resource for chemists, engineers, government officials, and environmental policymakers.

  • Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control

    Proceedings of the International Conference on the Use of Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control, Held in Cambridge, UK, 24–28 September 1990
    • 1st Edition
    • P. F. Cooper + 1 more
    • English
    Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control documents the proceedings of the International Conference on the Use of Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control, held in Cambridge, UK, 24-28 September 1990. This volume contains 70 papers that are organized into 12 parts. Part 1 includes papers such as the need for hydrophyte-based systems in the treatment of waste water from small communities and soil oxygenation in constructed reed beds. Part 2 contains studies on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The papers in Part 3 are devoted to sewage treatment while Part 4 deals with sludge treatment. Part 5 presents case studies on wetlands, wastewater, and reed bed treatment systems. Part 6 focuses on agricultural waste treatment. Part 7 contains papers on wetland and waste treatment for small populations. Part 8 covers industrial waste treatment while Parts 9 and 10 deal with mining waste treatment. Part 11 takes up the design of treatment systems. Part 12 contains 20 poster papers.

  • Water Pollution Research and Control Brighton

    Proceedings of the Fourteenth Biennial Conference of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control, held in Brighton, U.K., 18–21 July, 1988
    • 1st Edition
    • L. Lijklema + 2 more
    • English

  • Radiation Protection

    A Systematic Approach to Safety
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English

  • Urban Discharges and Receiving Water Quality Impacts

    Proceedings of a Seminar organized by the IAWPRC/IAHR Sub-Committee for Urban Runoff Quality Data, as Part of the IAWPRC 14th Biennial Conference, Brighton, U. K., 18–21 July 1988
    • 1st Edition
    • J. B. Ellis
    • English
    Urban Discharges and Receiving Water Quality Impacts covers the proceedings of a seminar organized by the IAWPRC/IAHR Sub-Committee for Urban Runoff Quality Data, as part of the IAWPRC 14th Biennial Conference. The book presents papers that discuss the methods and procedures for the control and management of urban discharges. The topics covered in the text include the impact of the quality and quantity of overflow on receiving water; impact of nonpoint pollution on a great lakes freshwater harbor-estuary; and microbiological impacts of storm sewer overflows. The book also tackles hydraulic performance and control of pollutants discharged from a combined sewer storage overflow; urban stormwater reduction and quality improvement through the use of permeable pavements; and water quality indices for the management of surface water quality. The text will be of great use to researchers and professionals concerned with effects of urban discharge on aquatic environment.

  • Red Sea

    • 1st Edition
    • Alasdair J. Edwards
    • English
    The Red Sea is a unique and fragile environment. All but landlocked between Africa and Arabia, its peculiar oceanographic conditions, its geographical position and its geological history all conspire to make it particularly vulnerable to the side-effects of human civilization. In places, it is already a key environment under threat. What makes the Red Sea unique? What are the threats to this environment? Where should future research be directed? These are just three of the major questions addressed by the scientists contributing to this book.

  • Municipal Solid Waste Recycling in Western Europe to 1996

    • 1st Edition
    • R. Reidy
    • English
    Please note this is a Short Discount publication.This market research Report provides essential information for all people involved in planning for waste disposal & recycling in the 1990's, including:★ Local authorities★ Waste Collection Equipment suppliers★ Consumers of recycled materials★ Engineering professionals★ Financial institutions considering this business★ Manufacturers of paper, glass & aluminiumIt presents market data and analysis for solid waste focusing on household/consumer waste, and provides information on the following key areas:★ The market for recycled waste by volume & value★ Demographic Data for West Europe★ Waste generation by type★ Separation & Recovery at source★ Quantity of non–hazardous solid waste generated each year until 1996★ Where it will be generatedPlus addressing current topical areas including:★ Current and forthcoming legislation★ Organisation of waste collection★ Central Waste Sorting★ Disposal Methods eg. Separation, Composting, Landfill, Incineration★ Recovery and recycling of specific materials including:Paper; Glass; Separated Fuel; Aluminium Cans; Plastic; Batteries; Other scrapped metals★ Acceptability of recycled materials★ Incentive schemes

  • Visualization in Modern Cartography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • A.M. MacEachren + 1 more
    • English
    Visualization in Modern Cartography explores links between the centuries-old discipline of cartography and today's revolutionary developments in scientific visualization. The book has three main goals: (1) to pass on design and symbolization expertise to the scientific visualization community - information that comes from centuries of pre-computer visualization by cartographers, and their more recent experiences with computerizing the discipline; (2) to help cartographers cope with the dramatic shift from print cartography to a dynamic virtual cartography for which their role is changing from that of map designer to one of spatial information display (and/or interface) designer; (3) to illustrate the expanded role for cartography in geographic, environmental, planning, and earth science applications that comes with the development of interactive geographic visualization tools. To achieve these goals, the book is divided into three parts. The first sets the historical, cognitive, and technological context for geographic/cartograp... visualization tool development. The second covers key technological, symbolization, and user interface issues. The third provides a detailed look at selected prototype geographic/cartograp... visualization tools and their applications.

  • Environmental Policy and the Economy

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 206
    • F.J. Dietz + 2 more
    • English
    This volume focuses on issues of vital interest in environmental policy making. Knowledge is needed about the impacts of economic processes on the environment and vice versa; people's preferences regarding the environmental quality (including the availability of (non)renewable natural resources) must be known; and knowledge concerning the effectiveness and efficiency of the available policy instruments is essential. These issues are dealt with in various contributions on environmental-econom... modelling, valuation of the environment, the design of environmental policies and the economic consequences of environmental policy.

  • Environmental Pollution and Control

    • 3rd Edition
    • P Aarne Vesilind + 2 more
    • English
    Environmental Pollution and Control, Third Edition focuses on the aspects of environmental engineering science and technology, including water pollution, wastewater, sludge treatment, and water pollution legislation. The book first elaborates on environmental and water pollution and measurement of water quality. Discussions focus on chemical oxygen demand, bacteriological measurements, heavy metals, effect of pollution on streams, lakes, and oceans, biodegradation, population responses, and exposure and latency. The publication also takes a look at water supply and water treatment, including disinfection, filtration, settling, coagulation and flocculation, water transmission, and groundwater and surface water supplies. The manuscript examines the collection and treatment of wastewater, sludge treatment and disposal, and nonpoint source water pollution. Topics include control technologies applicable to nonpoint source pollution, sources of sludge, ultimate disposal, onsite wastewater disposal, central wastewater treatment, and tertiary treatment. The text also elaborates on water pollution law, solid wastes, resource recovery, and hazardous wastes. The publication is a valuable reference for environmental pollution experts and readers interested in environmental pollution and control.

  • Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • Harold F. Hemond + 1 more
    • English
    Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment focuses on the basic principles of chemical behavior in the environment. The publication first offers information on basic concepts and surface waters. Discussions focus on abiotic chemical transformations, chemical and biological characteristics of surface waters, physical transport in surface waters, basic environmental chemistry, mass balance and the control volume, and chemical mass and concentration. The text then elaborates on the subsurface environment and the atmosphere. Topics include atmospheric chemical reactions, transport of chemicals in the atmosphere, atmospheric stability, physical removal of chemicals from the atmosphere, physics of groundwater movement, and flow in the unsaturated zone. The book takes a look at retardation, biodegradation, and dimensions and units for environmental quantities. The publication is a dependable reference for students and researchers interested in the fundamental principles of chemical behavior in the environment.

  • Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution

    Model Selection and Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • A. Giorgini + 1 more
    • English
    This volume contains most of the scientific contributions to the workshop ``Prediction of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: Model Selection and Application'' held in Venice, in the historic Ca' Vendramin Calergi, in June, 1984. Other contributions of specialists who were not able to attend the workshop have also been included in an attempt to make the work more complete.It is hoped that this collection will be useful to planners who operate in the field of agricultural diffuse source pollution, since several contributions are state-of-the-art presentations and others are specialized studies by American and European researcher.

  • Relative Radiation Sensitivities of Human Organ Systems

    Advances in Radiation Biology, Vol. 12
    • 1st Edition
    • John T. Lett + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in Radiation Biology, Volume 12: Relative Radiation Sensitivities of Human Organ Systems covers articles on the response of selected human organ and tissue systems to exposure to ionizing radiation. The book presents articles on the relative radiosensitivities of the thymus, spleen, lymphohemopoietic systems, small and large intestines, oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, and esophagus. The text also includes articles on the relative radiation sensitivity of the integumentary system, as well as the relative radiosensitivity of the human lung and fetal tissues. The tolerance of the central and peripheral nervous system to therapeutic irradiation is also encompassed. Radiation biologists, oncologists, physicians, pediatricians, and medical students will find the book useful.

  • The Museum Environment

    • 2nd Edition
    • Garry Thomson
    • Andrew Oddy + 1 more
    • English
    The Museum Environment, Second Edition deals with the behavior and conservation of the various classes of museum exhibit. This book is divided into six sections that provide museum specifications for conservation. This text highlights the three contributing factors in the deterioration and decay of museum exhibits, namely light, humidity, and air pollution. Each section describes the mechanism of deterioration and the appropriate “preventive conservation”. The changes in this edition from the previous include the electronic hygrometry, fluorescent lamps, buffered cases, air conditioning systems, and data logging and control in historic buildings. This book is of great value to conservation researchers and museum workers.

  • A Review of the Radiosensitivity of the Tissues in Bone

    A Report Prepared for Committees 1 and 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and Received by the Committees on April 3, 1967
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    A Review of the Radiosensitivity of the Tissues in Bone is a report prepared by the Task Group for the International Commission on Radiological Protection Committees 1 and 2. The book reviews a biological indicator of the maximum permissible radiation dose. Data shows that an induction of malignant change should be considered as the limiting factor in maximum permissible levels for the bone. The risk of carcinogenesis in cells is connected with the proliferative potential of the cells. These cells are on bone marrow surfaces, in hematopoietic marrow, and in certain epithelial cells close to bone surfaces. The text also reviews the changes in the patterns of distribution resulting from growth and remodeling of bone. The book examines the effect of distribution of alkaline earth, of plutonium, of thorium, of americium, and of phosphorus in bone growth. The book also evaluates the comparative tumorigenic effects of external and internal irradiation of bone and the factors to be considered in determining the dose limitation from bone-seeking radionuclides. This book can prove beneficial to researchers and practitioners in the fields of radiology, internal medicine, or oncology.

  • Genetic Interactions Among Microorganisms in the Natural Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • E.M.H. Wellington + 1 more
    • English
    This book gives an overview of gene transfer and stability in those aquatic and terrestrial environments where bacteria and fungi can survive and interact genetically. It examines the role played by sex between microbes in the evolution of populations and their survival. Special emphasis is placed on methodology, including the analysis by novel techniques of genetic material extracted directly from soils, rivers and lakes. The natural spread of antibiotic resistance and the safe use of genetically manipulated microbes are matters of considerable scientific, medical and public concern upon which the investigations presented here have direct bearing. This unique collection will be of value to specialist researchers in applied microbiology, ecology and biotechnology as well as biomedical scientists interested in the environmental risks of genetic engineering.

  • Landfill Closures

    Geosynthetics, Interface Friction and New Developments
    • 1st Edition
    • R.M. Koerner
    • English
    It is toward investigating, discussing and presenting the various issues involved in solid waste closure that this book is focused. It consists of invited papers presented at the 4th Annual Geosynthetic Research Institute Seminar.The closure [capping] of completed or abandoned solid waste facilities present particular challenges, for example:★ there usually exists a very uncertain and random subsidence behaviour of the existing waste beneath the closure,★ the friction behaviour of the various interfaces that are involved in solid waste facilities is not established,★ there are numerous long term geosynthetic stability and durability issues that must be addressed, and★ there are an extremely large number of sites that require proper closure.These topics are addressed in the three sessions Geosynthetics in Landfill Closures, Interface Friction Considerations and Geocomposites Systems and New Materials. Current materials and basic techniques are reviewed and innovations discussed. Owners' perspectives and design considerations raised and specific problems such as liquid intrusion are addressed. The area of landfill closure simply begs innovation and the manufacturing sector is meeting the challenge. This gathering of expert opinions is an important document of the proper use of geosynthetics in landfill closure systems.

  • Persistent Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems

    • 1st Edition
    • Colin H. Walker + 1 more
    • English
    This new volume from the SETAC (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) Special Publications Series examines the phenomenon of persistent pollutants in the seas and oceans. Unlike the highly visible and obvious effects caused by oil, certain chemicals have unseen but long-term and far-reaching effects on the marine ecosystem. They often have long half-lives, are carried great distances and pass easily through the food chain from prey to predator. The behaviour and effects of these persistent pollutants on each type of marine animal (invertebrates, vertebrates, fish, mammals and fish-eating birds) are described. A final overview draws the observations and conclusions together presenting a work that provides a foundation for understanding the behaviour of persistent pollutants in the marine environment.

  • Air Pollution by Nitrogen Oxides

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • L. Grant + 1 more
    • English
    Studies in Environmental Science, Volume 21: Air Pollution by Nitrogen Oxides presents the proceedings of the US–Dutch International Symposium on Nitrogen Oxide, held in Maastricht, The Netherlands on May 24–28, 1982. This book provides research and development information related to the national and international policies on nitrogen oxides in the United States, The Netherland, Japan, and elsewhere in Europe. Organized into five sessions encompassing 94 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the atmospheric cycle of nitrogen oxide in terms of source strength, destruction rates, and atmospheric chemistry. This text then examines the fundamental physical and chemical processes involved in the formation of nitrogen oxides. Other chapters consider the regional pulmonary deposition of nitrogen dioxide in man, guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits by using a general mathematical model formulation for the transport of gases in the lungs. This book discusses as well the emission control methods and systems with low nitrogen oxide capability for possible application in The Netherlands and other parts of Europe. This book is a valuable resource for government administrative officials, research scientists, air pollution control experts, and students.

  • Marine Mammals and the Exxon Valdez

    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas R. Loughlin
    • English
    The oil spill disaster that occurred when the Exxon Valdez ran aground has become part of the iconography of ecological disaster. This book synthesizes previously confidential data only recently released by the U.S. government. The data concerns the effects of this nightmarish spill on marine mammals, such as sea otters, harbor seals, killer whales, and humpback whales. Because many of the book's contributors were on site within 24 hours of this 11 million gallon catastrophe, the book is a unique longitudinal study of the demise of an ecosystem due to a single acute environmental perturbation.These certain-to-be-influe... results reported here should assist marine biologists, pathologists, toxicologists, environmentalists, engineers, and coastal planners in assessing the nature of this now legendary disaster.

  • Oil Spill Response in the Marine Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • J.W. Doerffer
    • English
    The rapid economic development of many countries since World War II has resulted in a considerable increase in the marine transport of raw materials, especially of crude oils, and in offshore activities. Inevitably, operational discharges from ships (ballast and bilge water), incidents such as collisions and groundings, and offshore exploration of oil and gas, lead to a significant amount of oil going into the sea. So far, understanding of marine environments, of oil and its behaviour when released onto the water surface, and of the methods and means of response to an oil spill, has been rather limited. This book introduces the reader to these problems and reflects the levels and trends of development in the field. The author has played an active role in combating marine pollution in the international arena since the 1970s and was awarded the International Maritime Prize for 1989 by the International Maritime Organisation.

  • Disaster Preparedness and the United Nations

    Advance Planning for Disaster Relief
    • 1st Edition
    • Barbara J. Brown
    • English
    Disaster Preparedness and the United Nations: Advance Planning for Disaster Relief examines the roles and relationships of programs being implemented by the United Nations in the area of disaster relief and preparedness. The study focuses on the disaster preparedness activities of the United Nations; the programs designed to improve the preparedness posture of disaster-prone developing countries; and the programs designed to improve the disaster relief capabilities of the organizations. The book also provides a brief review of the relationship between disasters and development; a description of the international disaster relief system; and strategies for overcoming pitfalls in internal organizational arrangements. Researchers, international program administrators, and international studies students will find the book invaluable.

  • State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling

    Proceedings of the Conference on Ecological Modelling, Copenhagen, Denmark 28 August - 2 September 1978
    • 1st Edition
    • S. E. Jørgensen
    • English
    State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling covers the proceedings of the Conference on Ecological Modeling, held in Copenhagen, Denmark from August 28 to September 2, 1978. The book focuses on ecological modeling, particularly prey-predator models, lake and river models, toxic substances models, and holistic approaches to ecological modeling. The selection first discusses review presentations of ecological modeling, including river models, prey-predator models, application of graphical methods, and lake models. The application of microcosms in ecological modeling; water quality and irrigation in agriculture models; and distribution and effect of toxic substances models are also elaborated. The text then takes a look at the models of sea and coastal areas, atmospheric pollution, ecosystems in the lithosphere, and water management. The book surveys multi-species of planktons and nutrients model of lake eutrophication and modeling of vertical temperature distribution and its implication on biological processes in lakes. Topics include mathematical expression of multi-species of planktons and nutrients model in lake ecosystem; observation data on water quality and planktons; and models for vertical temperature distribution. The selection is a dependable reference for readers wanting to dig deeper into ecological modeling.

  • Energy Resources and Conservation Related to Built Environment

    Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy Resources and Conservation Related to Built Environment, December 7-12, 1980, Miami Beach, Florida
    • 1st Edition
    • Oktay Ural
    • English

  • Fish and River Pollution

    • 1st Edition
    • J. R. Erichsen Jones
    • English
    Fish and River Pollution deals with experimental and field research connected with the effects of pollution in fish, and the useful data gathered from these studies. After reviewing some experiments made on the effects of pollution on fish, the author discusses pollution by oxygen-reducing effluents such as sewage, milk washing, and other solutions that can be broken down by microorganisms, a process that uses up dissolved oxygen in the water. The experiments conducted by Shelford and Allee, which the author cites, studies the reactions of fish to different concentrations of atmospheric gases, particularly as fish detect low concentrations of oxygen more sensitively than man. The paper also discusses the time-effect relationship of a toxic substance to fish as immersion time, time needed for advancement, minimum time of exposure, and immersion time to fatality. The effect of thermal pollution such as that generated in thermal plants to produce electricity, though chemically toxic-free, can significantly change the temperature of the water where fish live. Such temperature change can affect water viscosity, rate of water oxygen absorption, development of sewage fungus, and changes in natural invertebrate fauna. This book can be appreciated by environmentalists, aquatic researchers, zoologists, and marine biologists.

  • Modelling in the Technology of Wastewater Treatment

    • 1st Edition
    • Imre Horváth
    • English
    Modeling in the Technology of Wastewater Treatment discusses the application of scale-up methods, similarity theory approaches, and dimensional analysis to problems of wastewater treatment. The book first introduces the formulation of the problems, and then proceeds to reviewing literatures that tackle the subject matter. In the third chapter, the text discusses the applications of similitude in activated sludge system. The text then details the concept of economic similarity. The book will be of great use to scientists, engineers, and technicians involved in water sanitation process.

  • Analysis of Ecological Systems: State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • W.K. Lauenroth + 2 more
    • English
    The International Society for Ecological Modelling (ISEM) sponsors conferences, workshops and training courses with the aim of advancing the development of ecological and environmental modelling. The 3rd International Conference on the state-of-the-art in ecological modelling was sponsored by the ISEM in cooperation with the National Park Service Water Resources Laboratory and hosted by the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University. Its theme was the application of ecological modelling to environmental management and this book contains the full texts of the three invited papers presented in the five general sessions, plus the final summaries and syntheses of the topics covered during those sessions.

  • Lake and Reservoir Restoration

    • 1st Edition
    • G. Dennis Cooke + 2 more
    • English
    Lake and Reservoir Restoration deals with the eutrophication process and the methods to protect, restore, and manage lakes and reservoirs. The most common in-lake techniques or procedures, plus nutrient diversion, are reviewed with regard to their scientific basis, methods of application, known effectiveness, feasibility, drawbacks, and costs. Areas for further research and development are also highlighted. This book is comprised of 16 chapters organized into four sections. After an introduction to the theory of the problem and the restoration technique, the discussion turns to the various restoration methods such as those used for physical and chemical control of nutrients. Diversion and advanced waste treatment, hypolimnetic withdrawal, and dilution and flushing are considered along with phosphorus precipitation and inactivation, sediment oxidation, sediment removal, and hypolimnetic aeration. Case studies and success stories are presented and the costs and potential negative impacts of the methods are examined. The following chapters focus on methods to control plant biomass, including artificial circulation, water-level drawdown, harvesting, biological control, and surface and sediment covers. A chapter on liming acidified lakes concludes this text. This monograph will be useful to professional limnologists and engineers, on-site lake or reservoir managers, and those who are interested in learning about the problems and management of lakes and reservoirs.

  • Advances in Water Pollution Research

    Proceedings of the International Conference Held in London, September 1962
    • 1st Edition
    • B. A. Southgate
    • English

  • Water Pollution Research and Development

    Proceedings of a Conference Held in Toronto, Canada, 23 - 27 June, 1980
    • 1st Edition
    • S. H. Jenkins
    • English

  • Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries

    • 1st Edition
    • Asit K. Biswas + 1 more
    • English
    Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries is based on selected papers presented at the 1991 International Conference on Environment Impact Assessment, held at New Delhi, India. This work is organized into four parts encompassing 18 chapters. Part I provides an overview and general considerations of balance environmental impact assessment (EIA), with particular emphasis in the developing countries in Asia. Part II highlights various EIA performed in different industry, including chemical plants, coal mining, thermal and power plant, and solid waste disposal. This part also describes the simulation modeling in EIA. Part III discusses the national experiences in EIA. This part elaborates on EIA of development projects in Netherlands, Sweden, Philippines, Tanzania, Canada, India, and United Kingdom. Part IV provides a summary and recommendations. This book will prove useful to environmental and research scientists.

  • Ecology and Change

    Rural Modernization in an African Community
    • 1st Edition
    • C. Gregory Knight
    • English
    Ecology and Change: Rural Modernization in an African Community focuses on the geographical study of agricultural practices and agricultural change on the society of the Nhiha of Mbozi Area in southwestern Tanzania, East Africa. The book presents the people; the models of the environment; traditional and evolved agricultural systems operating within a man-modified landscape; population and economic growth; and sources of change of Mbozi. The applications of the four models of change and the implications of those changes to the society of Mbozi are elucidated as well. Sociologists, political scientists, economists, and political leaders will find the book insightful.

  • Modelling in Ecotoxicology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 16
    • S.E. Jorgensen
    • English
    Ecotoxicology is the science of toxic substances in the environment and their impact on living organisms. Today we use many more chemicals in everyday life than we did 30-40 years ago. Our knowledge of the fate and effect of such chemicals in the environment has not yet followed the rate of chemical innovation in spite of our expanding knowledge of ecotoxicology. About 50,000 different chemicals are produced on an industrial scale, but we have only sufficient data to evaluate the environmental consequences of a few per cent of these. The need for ecotoxicological knowledge has never been more pronounced than it is today. Even more resources must be allocated in this field in the near future, if we are to be able to cope with the threat of more toxic chemical compounds in our environment.This book outlines the state of the art of modelling the fate and effects of toxic substances in the environment. Modelling in ecotoxicology differs from modelling in other fields by the great lack of data. The quality of the models is very dependent on the parameters used, and as we do not have a wide knowledge of parameters in ecotoxicological processes, good parameter estimation methods are crucial for ecotoxicolocal models. A comprehensive review of available parameter estimation methods is therefore included in this volume. Model examples and case studies have also been included to illustrate the difficulties and short comings in practical modelling.

  • Nuclear Energy and the Environment

    Environmental Sciences and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Essam E. El-Hinnawi
    • English
    Nuclear Energy and the Environment provides an assessment, based on the opinions and findings of international experts in the field of atomic energy, of the environmental impact of the different stages of the nuclear fuel cycle. Chapters in the book cover different subjects in the use of nuclear energy such as the environmental impacts of energy production and use; the environmental impact of mining and milling of radioactive ores, upgrading processes, and the fabrication of nuclear fuels; none radiological environmental implications of nuclear energy; and the technology and environmental hazards of nuclear waste disposal. Nuclear scientists, environmentalists, ecologists, nuclear engineers, and policy makers will find the book interesting.

  • Environmental Medicine

    • 2nd Edition
    • G Melvyn Howe + 1 more
    • English
    Environmental Medicine, Second Edition stresses the importance of the medicine of the environment and emphasizes the advantages which must emanate from a multidisciplinary approach to the method in which environmental factors impinge on the health and wellbeing of the human race. The selection first offers information on the environment, its influences, and hazards to health and trace element concentrations in various environments. Discussions focus on the possible relationships between trace element imbalances and diseases; biological concentration of trace elements; variable relationships between trace elements in soils and vegetables; and trace element concentrations in mining areas. The text then ponders on radiation and health hazards and water in relation to human disease. The manuscript underscores the relationship of weather and climate to health and disease and air pollution in relation to human disease. Topics include effect of meteorological stimuli on normal physiological processes in healthy subjects; effect of weather and climate on miscellaneous biological phenomena in man; and therapeutic applications of human biometeorology. The ecological approach to pesticides and its importance to human disease and the patterns of infectious diseases in developed countries in relation to environmental factors are also discussed. The selection is a dependable source material for health experts and readers interested in environmental medicine.

  • Environmental Protection of the North Sea

    • 1st Edition
    • P J Newman + 1 more
    • English
    Environmental Protection of the North Sea focuses on measures and initiatives for the protection of the North Sea. The book first discusses the physical features, North Sea resources, and biological considerations. The compilation then takes a look at the distribution of anthropogenic organic compounds in the North Sea, including analytical aspects and reporting format for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); transport of PCB in abiotic phases in rivers, estuaries, and the North Sea; and PCB in biota. The text examines the environmental impacts of organic chemicals. History of pollution; environmental effects of chemicals; effects of chemicals on marine biota; and chemicals of potential concern are described. The compilation also underscores the sources of pesticides in the North Sea; environmental impacts of PCBs in the marine environment; and contamination of the North Sea by the production and utilization of organic chemicals. The book also looks at environmental protection strategies for organic chemicals; assessment of environmental impacts of nutrients in the North Sea from the perspectives of the fertilizer and detergents industries; and pathology of fish diseases in the North Sea. The compilation is a good source of data for readers interested in environmental protection.

  • Renewable Resources in Our Future

    Environmental Sciences and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Alden D. Hinckley
    • Asit K. Biswas + 1 more
    • English
    Renewable Resources in Our Future is a collection of illustrated papers that discusses various renewable energy sources. The opening chapter discusses the concepts involved in relying solely on renewable energy, including the advantages and disadvantages. The succeeding chapters cover various renewable resources, such as solar, water, and soil. The book also details both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The last chapter talks about alternative future, such as nuclear-powered society and space cities. The text will be of great interest to individuals concerned with the world energy situation.

  • Water Pollution Research and Control Brighton

    Proceedings of the Fourteenth Biennial Conference of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control, held in Brighton, U.K., 18–21 July, 1988
    • 1st Edition
    • L. Lijklema
    • English
    Water Pollution Research and Control Brighton 1988, Part 1 covers the proceedings of the 14th Biennial Conference of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control, held in Brighton, U.K. on July 18-21, 1988. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 37 chapters. The first part deals first with the practical performance of various systems for small-scale wastewater treatment and the application of dimensioned aerated grit chambers as a highly loaded activated sludge process. This part also considers the incidence of Sphaerotilus natans in laboratory scale activated sludge systems and he direct solid-liquid separation using hollow fiber membrane in an activated sludge aeration tank. The succeeding parts discuss the theoretical and operational benefits of anaerobic and industrial wastewater treatment. These topics are followed by presentation of activated sludge models, with particular emphasis on nitrification and precipitation modeling, as well as dynamic modeling of trace contaminant removal in a municipal sewage treatment plant. The last part explores the characteristics of biological phosphorus and phosphate removal process. This book will prove useful to chemical and environmental engineers and researchers in the related fields.

  • Radiation Protection

    A Systematic Approach to Safety
    • 1st Edition
    • Gyoujin Cho
    • English
    Radiation Protection: A Systematic Approach to Safety is a collection of papers that deals with the control, management, and prevention of toxic agents. One paper presents design measures, evaluated in a balanced program, as a practicable method to lessen occupational radiation exposure. Another paper cites the radiation protection aspects practiced in the decommissioning of the Fuel Reprocessing Plant at Trombay, which was designed to chemically process irradiated nuclear fuel. One paper describes a methodology to evaluate a collective dose of exposure through different routes following the release of radioactive material into the atmosphere. These routes include: (1) inhalation of the material from the initial cloud or that arising from the ground; (2) external irradiation from radioactive decay of the material in the cloud or in the air; (3) and as ingestion of radionuclides transferred through the food chain. One paper compares the chemical and radiation hazards to man using an analytical model, based on radiation biological concepts at the molecular level, to show the effects of other agents. The analytical model is also capable of predicting that a synergistic interaction between two different mutagenic agents can occur at the molecular level. The collection will prove useful for nuclear physicists and scientists, occupational health professionals, and researchers in the field of nuclear medicine and engineering.

  • Advances in Water Pollution Research

    Proceedings of the International Conference Held in London, September 1962
    • 1st Edition
    • B. A. Southgate
    • English
    Advances in Water Pollution Research, Volume 1 contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Water Pollution Research held in London in September 1962. The conference provided a forum for assessing advances in water pollution research and tackled a wide array of topics, from biological extraction and accumulation in stream self-purification to recovery and identification of organics in water, as well as the effect of heated effluents on fish and the role of aquatic actinomycetes in self-purification of freshwater streams. Comprised of 16 chapters, this volume begins with a description of a working theory of the mode of action of biological extraction and accumulation in stream self-purification. The discussion then turns to the oxygen regime and the processes of self-purification in reservoirs with retarded discharge; the effect of current on the composition of biocenoses in flowing water streams; and prediction of stream re-aeration rates. Subsequent chapters focus on a small watercourse accidentally polluted by phenol compounds; determination and charting of waste load in a flowing stream; effects of domestic and industrial discharges on the ecology of riffles in Midland streams; and effects of plants and animals on the conditions in freshwater streams with particular reference to their oxygen balance. This book will appeal to practitioners and research workers with interest in the problems of water pollution.

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