
Oil Spill Science and Technology
- 3rd Edition - November 22, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Editor: Merv Fingas
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 7 0 3 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 7 0 2 - 9
Oil Spill Science and Technology, Third Edition delivers a multi-contributed view on the entire chain of oil-spill related topics from oil properties and behaviors to remote se… Read more

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Request a sales quoteOil Spill Science and Technology, Third Edition delivers a multi-contributed view on the entire chain of oil-spill related topics from oil properties and behaviors to remote sensing through the management side of contingency planning and communicating oil spill risk perceptions. This new edition compiles information on oil spills from a scientific point of view and with new case studies and examples. This book aims to serve both as an authoritative reference for individuals new to the field who need to understand the depth of science going into the fields of oil spill, recovery, assessment, and analysis, as well as those who have years of experience.
Written by over 24 experts in the field, this updated edition combines technology with case studies to identify the current state of knowledge surrounding oil spills that will encourage additional areas of research that are left to uncover in this critical sector of the energy industry.
- Updated with new chapters on: The Deepwater Horizon Spill; Oil Seeps; Processes: MOSSFA, Marine Snow, Tar Ball formation, and more
- Supported with technological advances evolved from the Deepwater Horizon/BP oil tragedy and events in the Arctic/Antarctic
- Multi-contributed from various industry experts to provide an extensive background in technical equipment and worldwide procedures used today
- Presents accurate, peer-reviewed topics with thorough literature review
Industry workers in the fields of oil spill, recovery, assessment, analysis; graduate students in oil spill pollution / offshore / environmental studies, Entry-level industry personnel interested in the field of oil spill studies and clean-up, academics in petroleum / offshore engineering, and environmental studies, general readers interested in oil spills
- Oil Spill Science and Technology
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- About the editor
- Author biography
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Introduction to the history of oil spills
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Some oil spill perspective from the history of oil production
- 1.3 Size matters (i.e., matters of size)
- 1.4 Torpedo Alley and the 1942 German U-Boat Campaign
- 1.5 The dark horse contender for “the big one”: Lakeview Gusher, 1910
- 1.6 The “first” oil spill
- 1.7 “First” spill candidate: The Thomas W. Lawson, 1907
- 1.8 The apparent first spill “winner”: S.S. Petriana, 1903
- 1.9 To err is human
- References
- Chapter 2 Photooxidation of oil at sea—Historical perspective, current state of the science and future direction
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 2.1 Introduction and history of oil photooxidation research
- 2.2 Mechanism of oil photooxidation
- 2.2.1 Principle of photochemistry
- 2.2.2 Precursors and products of oil photooxidation
- 2.2.3 Photochemical reaction mechanism of oil
- 2.3 Factors affecting oil photooxidation in the field and laboratory
- 2.3.1 Oil films
- 2.3.2 Oil composition and properties
- 2.3.3 Light source and intensity
- 2.3.4 Wave energy
- 2.3.5 Influence of water: Artificial vs natural water
- 2.3.6 Extrapolating laboratory data to field situations
- 2.4 Analysis of photoproducts
- 2.4.1 Bulk oil phase analytical techniques
- 2.4.2 Molecular analysis of oil residues
- 2.4.3 Analysis of water phase under an irradiated oil sheen
- 2.5 Fate and effect of photooxidation
- 2.5.1 Solubility and volatility
- 2.5.2 Bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation
- 2.5.3 Dispersion and dispersibility
- 2.5.4 Emulsification
- 2.5.5 Toxicity
- 2.5.6 Future research needs
- References
- Chapter 3 How to model evaporation
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 The mechanism of oil and water evaporation
- 3.3 Development of diffusion-regulated models
- 3.3.1 Wind experiments
- 3.3.2 Saturation concentration
- 3.3.3 Variation with area
- 3.3.4 Variation with mass
- 3.3.5 Evaporation of pure hydrocarbons
- 3.4 Simplified explanation of the differences between water and oil evaporation
- 3.5 Development of generic equations
- 3.6 Complexities to the diffusion-regulated model
- 3.6.1 Oil thickness
- 3.6.2 The bottle effect
- 3.6.3 Skinning
- 3.6.4 Jumps from the 0-wind values
- 3.7 Use and comparison of evaporation equations in spill models
- 3.8 Practical guide to including oil evaporation
- 3.8.1 For very thick layers of oil
- 3.8.2 Prediction of evaporation using distillation data
- 3.8.3 Prediction of evaporation using physical oil properties
- 3.9 Summary
- References
- Chapter 4 Water-in-oil emulsions
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Formation of emulsions
- 4.2.1 The role of asphaltenes
- 4.2.2 The role of resins and other components
- 4.2.3 Methods to study emulsions
- 4.2.4 The overall theory of emulsion formation
- 4.2.5 The role of weathering
- 4.3 Models of emulsion formation
- 4.3.1 Model I
- 4.3.2 Model II
- 4.4 Development of an emulsion kinetics estimator
- 4.5 Model certainty
- 4.6 Simplified procedures to predict the type of water-in-oil formed
- 4.6.1 Simple relationships
- 4.6.2 Double relationships and more complex analysis
- 4.6.3 Analysis of starting oil properties and water-in-oil types with three-way graphs
- 4.6.4 Principal components analysis
- 4.6.5 Use of empirical data
- 4.6.6 A screening approach using only density and viscosity
- 4.7 Conclusions
- Appendix
- References
- Chapter 5 Introduction to spill modeling
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 An overview of weathering
- 5.3 Evaporation
- 5.4 Water uptake and emulsification
- 5.4.1 Regression model calculation
- 5.5 Natural dispersion
- 5.5.1 Summary of natural dispersion
- 5.6 Other processes/minority processes
- 5.6.1 Dissolution
- 5.6.2 Photooxidation
- 5.6.3 Sedimentation, adhesion to surfaces, and oil-fines interaction
- 5.6.4 Biodegradation
- 5.6.5 Sinking and over-washing
- 5.6.6 Formation of tar balls
- 5.6.7 Marine snow formation
- 5.6.8 Summary of minority processes
- 5.7 Movement of oil and oil spill modeling
- 5.7.1 Spreading
- 5.7.2 Movement of oil slicks
- 5.8 Spill modeling
- References
- Chapter 6 Review of oil spill remote sensing: The current state of the art
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Optical remote sensing
- 6.2.1 Optical properties of oil
- 6.2.2 Visible remote sensing
- 6.2.3 Thermal infrared
- 6.2.4 Near-infrared
- 6.2.5 Ultraviolet
- 6.2.6 Satellites operating in the optical region
- 6.3 Laser fluorosensors
- 6.4 Microwave sensors
- 6.4.1 Passive microwave sensors
- 6.4.2 Radar
- 6.4.3 Satellite radar systems
- 6.4.4 Radar image processing
- 6.4.5 Ship-borne radar oil spill detection
- 6.5 Slick thickness measurements
- 6.5.1 Passive microwave
- 6.5.2 Acoustic travel time
- 6.5.3 Visual
- 6.5.4 Infrared
- 6.6 Detection of oil in the water column and on the sea bottom
- 6.6.1 Ultrasonics
- 6.6.2 Laser fluorosensors
- 6.6.3 Cameras
- 6.6.4 Chemical analysis
- 6.7 Detection of oil with and under ice or snow
- 6.8 Platforms
- 6.9 Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 7 In situ burning: A summary
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 An overview of in situ burning
- 7.2.1 The science of burning
- 7.2.2 What burns and doesn’t burn
- 7.2.3 Summary of in situ burning research and trials
- 7.2.4 The Deepwater horizon burn
- 7.2.5 Burning in different situations
- 7.2.6 Advantages and disadvantages
- 7.2.7 Comparison of burning to other response measures
- 7.2.8 Safety
- 7.3 Detailed science
- 7.3.1 Process of burning
- 7.3.2 Soot formation
- 7.3.3 Slick thickness
- 7.3.4 Oil weathering/volatile content
- 7.3.5 Heavy oils
- 7.3.6 Oil emulsification
- 7.3.7 Scale of burning
- 7.4 Burn emissions
- 7.4.1 Particulate matter
- 7.4.2 Organic compounds
- 7.4.3 Gases
- 7.4.4 Other compounds and emission factors
- 7.4.5 The behavior and distribution of emissions
- 7.4.6 Residue
- 7.4.7 Safe distances
- 7.5 Assessment of feasibility of burning
- 7.5.1 Burn evaluation process
- 7.5.2 Areas where burning may be prohibited
- 7.5.3 Regulatory approvals
- 7.5.4 Environmental and health concerns
- 7.5.5 Weather and ambient conditions
- 7.6 Burning on water
- 7.7 Burning on land, wetlands, and shorelines
- 7.8 Burning on or in marshes
- 7.9 Burning in or on ice
- 7.10 Equipment—Selection, deployment, and operations
- 7.10.1 Burning without containment
- 7.10.2 Oil containment and diversion methods
- 7.10.3 Ignition devices
- 7.10.4 Treating agents
- 7.10.5 Support vessels/aircraft for at-sea burns
- 7.10.6 Equipment checklist
- 7.11 Monitoring, sampling, and analytical equipment
- 7.12 Final recovery of residue
- 7.13 Postburn actions
- 7.13.1 Follow-up monitoring
- 7.13.2 Estimation of burn efficiency
- 7.13.3 Calculation of burning area in a boom
- 7.13.4 Burn rate
- 7.14 Health and safety precautions during burning
- 7.14.1 Worker health and safety precautions
- 7.14.2 Public health and safety precautions
- 7.14.3 Monitoring burn emissions
- References
- Chapter 8 Laser fluorosensors for oil spill detection
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 8.1 Principles of operation
- 8.1.1 Active vs passive sensors
- 8.1.2 Sensor features
- 8.1.3 Advantages/disadvantages
- 8.2 Oil classification
- 8.2.1 Real-time analysis
- 8.2.2 Sensor outputs
- 8.3 Existing operational units
- 8.3.1 Airborne
- 8.3.2 Ship-borne
- 8.4 Aircraft requirements
- 8.4.1 Power
- 8.4.2 Weight
- 8.4.3 Operational altitude
- 8.5 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 9 Shoreline countermeasures
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.1.1 Control of a spill at or near to the source
- 9.1.2 Control on water
- 9.1.3 Control at the shoreline: Nearshore and onshore protection
- 9.1.4 Shoreline treatment
- 9.2 Shoreline Response Programs, shoreline surveys, and the shoreline treatment decision process
- 9.2.1 Shoreline oiling assessment surveys
- 9.2.2 A Shoreline Response Program and the shoreline treatment decision process
- 9.3 Shoreline treatment strategies and techniques
- 9.3.1 Natural attenuation and recovery
- 9.3.2 Physical removal
- 9.3.3 In situ treatment
- 9.3.4 Chemical or biological treatment
- 9.4 Treatment by shore type
- 9.5 Waste generation
- References
- Chapter 10 Remediation of oiled mangroves: Lessons from the Niger Delta
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Mangroves under threat
- 10.3 Oil toxicity on mangroves
- 10.4 Previous cases of oil spills in mangroves
- 10.5 Area description
- 10.6 Area oiling and mangrove damage
- 10.7 Habitat status before cleanup
- 10.8 Cleanup criteria and end points
- 10.8.1 Application of a grid tracking system
- 10.8.2 Setting site-specific target levels (chemical) for close-out
- 10.8.3 SCAT evaluation criteria
- 10.8.4 Chemical verification sampling
- 10.9 Cleanup methods considered
- 10.9.1 Guidelines considered
- 10.9.2 Consideration of previous mangrove cleanups
- 10.9.3 Net environmental benefit analysis
- 10.9.4 Bioremediation considered
- 10.10 Cleanup methods applied
- 10.10.1 Summary of method applicability to the project area
- 10.10.2 Workforce requirements
- 10.10.3 Finding subsurface oil
- 10.10.4 Methods applied
- 10.10.5 Waste quantities and treatment
- 10.11 Cleanup efficiency verification
- 10.11.1 Need to repeat cleanup activities
- 10.11.2 Verification by SCAT visual assessment
- 10.11.3 Verification by chemical analyses
- 10.12 Planting considerations
- 10.12.1 Previous plantings after a spill
- 10.12.2 Experimental planting in the study area
- 10.12.3 Plant spacing
- 10.12.4 Stage of plant development
- 10.12.5 Fertilizer and insecticides
- 10.13 Planting methods applied
- 10.13.1 Where to plant—Applied
- 10.13.2 Spacing—Applied
- 10.13.3 Life stage, plant source, and species—Applied
- 10.13.4 Fertilizer and insecticides
- 10.14 Planting monitoring and results
- 10.15 Community discord and security
- 10.16 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 11 Rapid forensic oil identification by direct analysis in real time (DART) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.1.1 Background and chemical analysis of oil spill
- 11.1.2 Current qualitative chemical analysis limitations
- 11.1.3 A new era in oil spill prescreening and DART/TOFMS overview
- 11.2 DART/TOFMS discriminate analysis for weathered oil
- 11.3 DART/TOFMS analysis in unknown spill source identification
- 11.4 Oil spill forensics gold standard qualitative GC/MS
- 11.5 GC/QTOF discriminate analysis scenario
- 11.6 Materials and methods
- 11.6.1 GC/QTOF summarized analysis conditions
- 11.6.2 DART/TOFMS summarized analysis conditions
- 11.7 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 12 Fates of petroleum compounds from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Petroleum and spill chemistry primer
- 12.3 Composition of Macondo well (MW) source oil
- 12.4 Overview of environmental fates of MW oil
- 12.5 MW oil fate in the water column
- 12.6 MW oil fate on the GoM surface
- 12.7 MW oil fate in coastal environments
- 12.7.1 MW oil fate on beaches
- 12.7.2 MW oil fate in salt marshes
- 12.8 MW oil fate in the deep-water sediments
- 12.9 Summary, research needs, and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 13 Bioremediation strategies for diesel-contaminated Antarctic soils
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.1.1 Context and justification
- 13.1.2 Objectives
- 13.2 Antarctic environmental characteristics
- 13.2.1 Climate and geology
- 13.2.2 Biodiversity
- 13.3 Oil spills in Antarctica
- 13.3.1 Oil-derived fuels used in Antarctica
- 13.3.2 Types of spills
- 13.3.3 Environmental effects
- 13.3.4 Existing treatments
- 13.4 Regulatory standards in Antarctica
- 13.4.1 Requirements from the protocol
- 13.4.2 The Committee of Environmental Protection
- 13.4.3 Regulation of marine pollution prevention
- 13.4.4 Recommendations from advisory bodies
- 13.4.5 Challenges ahead: Annex VI of the protocol
- 13.5 Bioremediation as an alternative
- 13.5.1 General concepts
- 13.5.2 Bioremediation in extreme cold environments
- 13.6 Assessment of bioremediation effectiveness in Antarctica
- 13.6.1 Methodologies
- 13.7 Case studies
- 13.7.1 Carlini Station
- 13.7.2 Other cases
- 13.8 Conclusions and perspectives
- 13.8.1 Challenges, opportunities and future research directions
- References
- Index
- Edition: 3
- Published: November 22, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier
- No. of pages: 1100
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN: 9780443217036
- eBook ISBN: 9780443217029
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