Metal Sulfide Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications

1st Edition - October 24, 2024
Imprint: Elsevier
Editors: Peter R. Makgwane, Naveen Kumar
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 4 6 4 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 4 6 5 - 4

Metal Sulfide Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications presents the fundamentals necessary to understand the latest developments and possibilities of applied use, specifica… Read more

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Metal Sulfide Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications presents the fundamentals necessary to understand the latest developments and possibilities of applied use, specifically for chemical detection/sensing and monitoring in air, soil, and water matrices as well as for chemical reaction engineering purposes (conversion, photocatalysis, adsorption) to facilitate removal of pollutants. Organic contaminants, volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals pose long-term threats to natural ecosystems and human health. Particularly in the last decade, metal sulfide nanomaterials have piqued researchers’ interest due to their outstanding physicochemical characteristics that make them amenable to modulation, as well as their qualitative and quantitative structure–activity relationship.

Metal Sulfide Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Part 1: Fundamentals of metal sulfide nanomaterials
Chapter 1 Introduction to metal sulfide
Abstract
Keywords
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification and basic properties of metal sulfides materials
1.3 Overview of structure properties of metal sulfides
1.3.1 Electronic structure properties
1.3.2 Defects and vacancy properties
1.3.3 Optical properties
1.3.4 Morphology and dimensions properties
1.3.5 Electrochemical and redox properties
1.4 Application scope of metal sulfides in environmental protection
1.4.1 Pollutant detection and monitoring
1.4.2 Pollutants removal
1.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Substitutional structural modifications and optoelectronic properties of metal sulfide nanomaterials
Abstract
Keywords
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition of figures of merits associated with optoelectronic devices
2.3 Overview of metal sulfides
2.4 Application of metal sulfides for optoelectronic application
2.5 Conclusion and future outlook
References
Chapter 3 Defects and band gap engineering in metal sulfides heterostructure nanomaterials
Abstract
Keywords
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Basic optical properties of metal sulfides
3.1.2 Heterostructure of metal sulfides
3.2 Metal sulfide defects and vacancies
3.3 Production and characterization of S-vacancies
3.3.1 Production of S-vacancies
3.3.2 Identification of defects
3.4 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Conventional synthetic routes and structural characterization of metal sulfide nanomaterials
Abstract
Keywords
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthesis method
4.2.1 Thermal evaporation
4.2.2 Electrochemical deposition method
4.2.3 Chemical bath deposition
4.2.4 Hydrothermal
4.3 Applications of metal sulfides
4.3.1 Wastewater treatment
4.3.2 Hydrogen production
4.3.3 Soil remediation
4.4 Summary
References
Chapter 5 Advances in biogenic synthesis of metal sulfide nanomaterials
Abstract
Keywords
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Biosynthesis of sulfur-based nanoparticles
5.3 Mechanisms of SNPs biosynthesis
5.4 Metal sulfide nanoparticle biosynthesis using metal and sulfide precursors
5.4.1 Biosynthesis of SNPs using microorganisms
5.4.2 Biosynthesis of SNPs using bacteria
5.4.3 Biosynthesis of SNPs using yeast
5.4.4 Biosynthesis of SNPs using fungi
5.4.5 Biosynthesis of SNPs using algae
5.4.6 Biosynthesis of SNPs using plants
5.4.7 Biosynthesis of SNPs using biomolecules
5.4.8 Biosynthesis of SNPs using viruses
5.5 Environmental protection applications of metal sulfide nanoparticles
5.5.1 Antimicrobial activity of metal sulfur nanoparticles
5.5.2 Environmental sensing and bioremediation using metal sulfur nanoparticles
5.5.3 Bioimaging, biodetection, and biosensing of metal sulfur nanoparticles
5.5.4 Other applications of metal sulfur nanoparticles
5.6 Summary
References
Part 2: Detection and monitoring of environmental pollutants
Chapter 6 Metal sulfide nanomaterials for gas sensing
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Classification of metal sulfides
6.3 Synthesis of metal sulfide
6.4 Alloyed metal sulfide nanocrystals
6.4.1 Cation-alloyed metal sulfide nanocrystals
6.4.2 Anion-alloyed metal sulfide nanocrystals
6.4.3 Cation- to anion-alloyed metal sulfide nanocrystals
6.4.4 Doping in metal sulfide nanocrystals
6.4.5 Hetero-nanostructured metal sulfide
6.5 Properties of metal sulfides
6.5.1 Optical properties
6.5.2 Magnetic properties
6.5.3 Electrical properties
6.6 Heterostructure metal sulfides
6.6.1 Application of metal sulfides in gas sensing
6.6.2 Gas sensing mechanisms of metal sulfides
6.6.3 Performance parameters based on DFT results
6.6.4 Pure metal sulfides
6.6.5 Doped metal sulfides
6.6.6 Defective metal sulfides
6.6.7 Metal sulfide-based heterojunctions
6.6.8 Sensing mechanism of metal sulfide/disulfide-based gas sensors
6.7 Advantages and disadvantages of metal sulfide gas sensors
6.7.1 Advantages
6.7.2 Disadvantages
6.7.3 Challenges
6.8 Summary
References
Chapter 7 Metal sulfide-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of organic water contaminants
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Metal sulfide materials and their fabrication
7.3 Detection of organic water contaminants
7.3.1 Pesticides
7.3.2 Pharmaceuticals
7.4 Summary
References
Chapter 8 Metal sulfide nanomaterial composites for electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions
Abstract
Keywords
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Negative health impacts and guidelines
8.3 Metal sulfide nanomaterial composite-based electrochemical sensors for detection of HMIs
8.3.1 Electrodes used
8.3.2 Electrochemical techniques
8.3.3 Electrochemical detection of Pb (II)
8.3.4 Electrochemical detection of Cu (II)
8.3.5 Electrochemical detection of Hg (II)
8.3.6 Electrochemical detection of As (III) and Cr (VI)
8.3.7 Electrochemical detection of multiple metal ions
8.4 Summary
References
Part 3: Removal of environmental pollutants
Chapter 9 Interface dynamics in metal sulfides and metal oxides for photodegradation of organic contaminants
Abstract
Keywords
9.1 Introduction
9.2 General mechanism of photocatalysis
9.3 Metal sulfide photocatalysts for degradation of organic water pollutants
9.3.1 Binary metal sulfides photocatalysts
9.3.2 Ternary metal sulfides photocatalysts
9.3.3 Heterostructure metal sulfide photocatalysts
9.4 Heterostructured-interfaced metal sulfides and metal oxides for photodegradation of organic contaminants
9.4.1 Binary metal sulfides/metal oxides heterostructures
9.4.2 Ternary metal sulfides/metal oxides heterostructures
9.5 Summary
References
Chapter 10 Carbon-metal sulfide nanomaterial photocatalysts for environmental remediation
Abstract
Keywords
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Metal sulfides in photocatalytic environmental remediation
10.2.1 Photochemical properties of metal sulfides
10.2.2 Photocatalytic active sites
10.2.3 Photocorrosion
10.3 Improving the photoactivity of metal sulfides using nanocarbonaceous materials
10.3.1 Synthesis strategies
10.3.2 Hybrid-interfaced metal sulfide-carbon heterostructures
10.4 Performance comparison of the different metal sulfide-interfaced g-C3N4 photocatalysts
10.4.1 Type I heterojunction
10.4.2 Type II heterojunction
10.4.3 p-n Heterojunction
10.5 Metal sulfide with conductive nanocarbonaceous
10.6 Metal sulfide composited with graphene
10.6.1 Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in photocatalysis
10.6.2 Metal sulfides and reduced graphene oxide by chemical reduction method
10.6.3 Metal sulfides and reduced graphene oxide by hydrothermal reduction method
10.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Metal sulfide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for remediation of gaseous air pollutants
Abstract
Keywords
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Synthesis of metal sulfides and their hybrid nanocomposites
11.2.1 Hydrothermal and solvothermal methods
11.2.2 Sol-gel technique
11.2.3 Precipitation and coprecipitation methods
11.2.4 Green synthesis
11.3 Metal sulfide material properties for improved photocatalysis
11.4 Photocatalytic remediation process for gaseous pollutants
11.4.1 Photocatalytic removal of gaseous pollutants by metal sulfide materials
11.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Hybrid metal sulfide nanomaterials for the removal of heavy metal water contaminants
Abstract
Keywords
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Classification and composition of hybrid metal sulfide nanomaterials
12.2.1 Choice of metal sulfide
12.2.2 Choice of support matrix
12.3 Synthesis of hybrid metal sulfide nanomaterials
12.3.1 Physical mixing
12.3.2 Coprecipitation
12.3.3 Hydrothermal synthesis
12.3.4 Solvothermal synthesis
12.3.5 Colloidal thermolysis
12.3.6 Other methods
12.3.7 Combined methods
12.4 Adsorption of heavy metals by HMSNs
12.4.1 Iron sulfide hybrid nanomaterial
12.4.2 Molybdenum disulfide hybrid nanomaterials
12.4.3 Metal sulfide/graphene hybrid nanomaterial
12.4.4 Metal sulfide/biochar hybrid nanomaterial
12.4.5 Metal sulfide/MOFs hybrid nanomaterial
12.4.6 Metal sulfide/graphitic carbon nitride hybrid nanomaterial
12.4.7 Other emerging HMSNs
12.5 Summary
References
Chapter 13 Recent advances in metal sulfide nanomaterials for antimicrobial activity and disinfection self-cleaning
Abstract
Keywords
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Synthesis and characterization of MSN
13.3 Antimicrobial activity of MSN
13.4 Disinfection self-cleaning activity of MSN
13.5 Summary
References
Chapter 14 Advances in sulfur-doped nanomaterials for environmental remediation
Abstract
Keywords
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Overview of sulfur-doped nanomaterials
14.3 Photocatalysis mechanism
14.4 Materials used as sulfur-doped photocatalysts
14.4.1 S-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
14.4.2 S-doped titanium dioxide (S-TiO2)
14.4.3 S-doped zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles
14.4.4 S-doped carbon-based materials
14.4.5 S-doped MoO2
14.4.6 S-doped ZnO
14.5 Overview of sulfur-doped nanomaterials
14.5.1 Thermal polymerization
14.5.2 In-situ synthesis of S-doped materials
14.5.3 Green synthesis methods
14.6 Application of S-doped nanomaterials
14.6.1 Water and air remediation
14.6.2 Removal of heavy metal ions
14.6.3 Mercury pollution
14.6.4 Degradation of dyes and organic materials
14.7 Summary
References
Index

Peter R. Makgwane

Peter R. Makgwane is a full professor at the University of South Africa, Institute of Catalysis and Energy (ICES) of the College of Science Engineering and Technology. He previously worked as a Principal Scientist at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa and as a scientist for SASOL. He earned his MSc in Chemistry from the University of Pretoria, South Africa, in 2006 and his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Nelson Mandela University, in 2010, specialising in heterogeneous catalysis. He has held visiting scientist positions at the Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Physical Chemistry (PAS-IPC), Poland, in 2017, and the National Research Centre, Egypt, in 2026. Prof. Makgwane has authored numerous books and articles in the field of catalysis and photocatalysis, with specific applications in renewable chemicals conversion, environmental remediation, energy, and semiconductor gas chemical sensing.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Institute of Catalysis and Energy Solutions, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

Naveen Kumar

Dr. Naveen Kumar has 18 years of research experience and is currently working as Associate Professor in Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India, while holding other academic positions in the same institute. He is actively engaged in the field of material chemistry, with photocatalysis and luminescent materials as the focus of his research activities. He has published more than 55 articles in journals of high repute. At the Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain, he also participated in an international research project, Development of a new generation CIGS-based solar cells [NANICIS-269279], in 2013 and 2014. He has been appointed as a reviewer for various reputed journals and was invited as guest editor by MPDI Catalyst (2021) for an issue on nanocatalysis and photocatalysis. He has presented research papers at national and international conferences and delivered lectures at various institutes. He is presently also working as a book editor for both Elsevier and CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health