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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Geophysics for Petroleum Engineers

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 60
    • Fred Aminzadeh + 1 more
    • English
    Geophysics for Petroleum Engineers focuses on the applications of geophysics in addressing petroleum engineering problems. It explores the complementary features of geophysical techniques in better understanding, characterizing, producing and monitoring reservoirs.This book introduces engineers to geophysical methods so that they can communicate with geophysicist colleagues and appreciate the benefits of their work. These chapters describe fundamentals of geophysical techniques, their physical bases, their applications and limitations, as well as possible pitfalls in their misuse. Case study examples illustrate the integration of geophysical data with various other data types for predicting and describing reservoir rocks and fluid properties. The examples come from all over the world, with several case histories from the fields in the Middle East.

  • Seismic Fracture Characterization

    Concepts and Practical Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Enru Liu
    • English
    During the last three decades, seismic anisotropy has evolved from a purely academic research topic into applications in the mainstream of applied geophysics. Today, nobody doubts that the earth is anisotropic and most (if not all) hydrocarbon reservoirs are anisotropic. Since shale accounts for 70% of sedimentary basins and fractures exist in all reservoirs, seismic anisotropy may be even more extensive than we think. Taking anisotropy into account in seismic processing has improved the quality of seismic images, even though it makes seismic processing more challenging since additional parameters are needed. At the same time, fracture characterization using the concept of seismic anisotropy has added value in reservoir characterization, reservoir management, and has increased recovery and optimized well locations. This book and the associated course provide an introduction to the fundamental concepts of seismic fracture characterization by introducing seismic anisotropy, equivalent-medium representation theories of fractured rock and methodologies for extracting fracture parameters from seismic data. We focus on practical applications using extensive field data examples.

  • Stratigraphic Reservoir Characterization for Petroleum Geologists, Geophysicists, and Engineers

    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 61
    • Roger M. Slatt
    • English
    Reservoir characterization as a discipline grew out of the recognition that more oil and gas could be extracted from reservoirs if the geology of the reservoir was understood. Prior to that awakening, reservoir development and production were the realm of the petroleum engineer. In fact, geologists of that time would have felt slighted if asked by corporate management to move from an exciting exploration assignment to a more mundane assignment working with an engineer to improve a reservoir’s performance. Slowly, reservoir characterization came into its own as a quantitative, multidisciplinary endeavor requiring a vast array of skills and knowledge sets. Perhaps the biggest attractor to becoming a reservoir geologist was the advent of fast computing, followed by visualization programs and theaters, all of which allow young geoscientists to practice their computing skills in a highly technical work environment. Also, the discipline grew in parallel with the evolution of data integration and the advent of asset teams in the petroleum industry. Finally, reservoir characterization flourished with the quantum improvements that have occurred in geophysical acquisition and processing techniques and that allow geophysicists to image internal reservoir complexities.

  • Precambrian Evolution of the North China Craton

    • 1st Edition
    • Guochun Zhao
    • English
    The North China Craton is one of the oldest cratonic blocks in the world, containing rocks as old as 3.85 billion years. Focusing on Neoarchean mantle plumes and Paleoproterozoic plate tectonics, this book combines the results from modern geological research to provide you with a detailed synthesis of the geology, structure, and evolution of the North China Craton. It will be of value to anyone interested in the evolution of cratonic blocks and Precambrian geology as well as geoscientists interested in applying tectonic models to other cratonic blocks globally. This work will also be of interest to geologists concerned with the problems of structure and evolution of the Precambrian continents and supercontinents.

  • Geochemical Prospecting for Thorium and Uranium Deposits

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 16
    • R.W. Boyle
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 16: Geochemical Prospecting for Thorium and Uranium Deposits focuses on the analysis of various geochemical methods applicable in the search for all types of thorium and uranium deposits. The publication first ponders on the general chemistry and geochemistry of thorium and uranium, deposits of thorium and uranium and their indicator elements, and geochemical prospecting for thorium and uranium. Discussions focus on radiation surveys, selection of areas, primary mineralization, supergene oxidation, and secondary enrichment of endogenic thorium and uranium deposits, and equilibrium in the natural radioactive series. The book then ponders on lithochemical, pedochemical, hydrochemical, and biogeochemical surveys of the geochemical prospecting for thorium and uranium. Topics include heavy and light mineral surveys of stream, river, pond, and lake sediments, detailed litochemical surveys utilizing primary halos, and case histories. The text takes a look at sampling procedures and analytical methods for estimating thorium and uranium and miscellaneous methods and atmochemical surveys on the geochemical prospecting for thorium and uranium, including isotopic methods, remote sensing and geothermal methods, and liquid inclusion and thermoluminescent methods. The book is a valuable source of data for researchers wanting to explore geochemical prospecting for thorium and uranium deposits.

  • Mechanics of Particulate Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 30
    • J. Feda
    • English
    Mechanics of Particulate Materials

  • Graphics Gems

    • 1st Edition
    • Paul S. Heckbert
    • English
    Graphics Gems IV contains practical techniques for 2D and 3D modeling, animation, rendering, and image processing. The book presents articles on polygons and polyhedral; a mix of formulas, optimized algorithms, and tutorial information on the geometry of 2D, 3D, and n-D space; transformations; and parametric curves and surfaces. The text also includes articles on ray tracing; shading 3D models; and frame buffer techniques. Articles on image processing; algorithms for graphical layout; basic interpolation methods; and subroutine libraries for vector and matrix algebra are also demonstrated. Computer engineers and designers will find the book invaluable.

  • Case Studies in Oceanography and Marine Affairs

    Prepared by an Open University Course Team
    • 1st Edition
    • Joan Brown
    • Gerry Bearman
    • English
    This is the last volume in the six-volume Open University set. Each volume is required by students as a relevant part of the Open University course but designed so that it can equally be used as an individual textbook. This volume differs from the others in the series in that it does not draw specifically upon traditional scientific disciplines. The first part of the book provides an historical review of the Law of the Sea culminating in the present day situation. The second part is devoted to two case studies, covering not only the scientific aspects of a particular oceanographic environment, but also the social, political and legal consequences and implications of human interactions with that environment. Each volume in this set is well laid out and copiously illustrated with full colour photographs. Questions to help develop arguments can be found in the text with answers provided at the back. Each chapter concludes with a summary to help consolidate understanding before proceeding with the next section.

  • Atmospheric Transmission, Emission and Scattering

    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas G. Kyle
    • English
    Introduces the physical processes and meteorology required to understand the behaviour of light and radiation in the atmosphere. Integrating the treatment of atmospheric optics from the ultraviolet to the microwave, the book presents a detailed overview, together with discussions, on the associated meteorology and atmospheric composition, which gives the meteorological background necessary to deal with the varying conditions found in the real atmosphere. Mathematical details provide a concise description of results thus allowing readers with a knowledge of meteorology or a single wavelength region to comprehend the transmission, emission and scattering in all wavelength regions. Rayleigh and Mie scattering are covered as well as the aerosol and raindrop distributions found in the atmosphere. Detailed models of the atmosphere and the distribution of trace gases are supplied, and finally a chapter is devoted to standardised software and available data bases.

  • Structural Geology: Fundamentals and Modern Developments

    • 1st Edition
    • S.K. Ghosh
    • English
    Presents a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the fundamental aspects of structural geology, emphasising both classical concepts and modern developments. A detailed account of the techniques of geometrical analysis is provided, giving a sound background to principles of geological deformation and in-depth analysis of mechanisms of formation of geological structures. Many new features are included such as detailed discussions on rotation of rigid inclusions and passive markers, boudinage (including chocolate tablet boudins, foliation boudins and shear fracture boudins), structural implications of basement-cover relations and time-relation between crystallation and deformation. The book presents the methods of structural analysis from microscopic to map scale, describes modern techniques used in field and laboratory and offers a balanced picture of modern structural geology as it emerges from combined field, experimental and theoretical studies.

  • Comparative Planetology

    • 1st Edition
    • Cyril Ponnamperuma
    • English
    Comparative Planetology discusses the results of data obtained from the Viking mission to Mars along with other data from other planetary missions. The book considers the many aspects of the evolution of the solar system in a comparative fashion. The interiors of planets, crustal evolution, the origin of planetary atmospheres, and the question of the origin of life are discussed using the gathered information. Astronomers, geologists, chemists, and biologists will find the book an interesting read.

  • Atmospheric Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxides

    Eastern North American Source-Receptor Relationships
    • 1st Edition
    • George M. Hidy
    • English
    Atmospheric Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxides provides a thorough synthesis of the research on atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen oxide chemistry on geographically large scales, with special emphasis on the methods and difficulties of establishing source-receptor relationships. The book addresses the importance of long-range air transport, the role of ozone and oxidant chemistry, and it examines analytical methods and pollutant transport models. This text specifically covers:

  • Formulas and Calculations for Drilling, Production and Workover

    • 1st Edition
    • Norton J. Lapeyrouse
    • English
    This handy book gives you all the formulas and calculations you are likely to need in drilling operations. It is the most complete manual of its kind. Included are formulas for pressure gradient, specific gravity, pump output, annular velocity, and buoyancy factor. In addition, there are calculations for volume and stroke, slug weight, drill string design, cementing, depth of washout, bulk density of cuttings, and stuck pipe. Separate chapters deal with calculations for drilling fluids, pressure control, and engineering. Example calculations are provided throughout.Presented in easy-to-use, step-by-step order, Formulas and Calculations is a quick reference for day-to-day work out on the rig. It also serves as a handy study guide for drilling and well control certification courses.Virtually all the mathematics required out on the drilling rig is included here in one convenient source.

  • Refrigeration Processes

    A Practical Handbook on the Physical Properties of Refrigerants and their Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • N. S. Billington
    • English
    A comprehensive applications-oriente... treatment of the subject in two parts. The first part forms a useful introduction to basic principles dealing with the definitions of the physical properties and outlines the method of their calculation. The second part is devoted to calculated data on a range of refrigerants by means of extensive tables and diagrams. The treatment takes the form of a data sheet, one for each of about thirty refrigerants; this data sheet gives the essential information from which close approximations of pressure, temperature, volume and enthalpy can be made for any predicted conditions. Following this is a set of tables of saturation properties in both Imperial and SI/Metric Units, where they are available. Pressure Enthalpy charts follow the tables. The refrigerants are arranged in the order of the now almost universally accpeted numerical classification introduced by the American Standards Association and adopted by the British Standards Institution. All the information is clearly indexed and readily accessible, and will prove invaluable to all students who require a sound background knowledge and understanding of the subject, and practising engineers will find it an indispensable source of reference

  • Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions

    With Special Reference to Data from Fluid Inclusions
    • 1st Edition
    • N. P. Yermakov
    • Edwin Roedder
    • English
    Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions is the first book on the subject of fluid inclusions. This book contains observational data and studies of mineral-forming solutions done in the Soviet Union. The description and natural classification of inclusion in minerals according to their composition and state are discussed. Gaseous, liquefied, and solidified inclusions that are found in minerals and their significance are considered important in determining the presence and availability of the mineral. For example, any earlier or contemporaneous minerals that are found only in their host crystals can be determined by analyzing the presence of solid inclusions. The origin and genetic classifications of liquid and gaseous inclusions, being both abundant in hypogene ore deposits, are explained. Other less common methods in the study of inclusions, besides homogenization of inclusions by heating under the microscope, are forwarded. The authors believe that exact measurements of the homogenization temperature are possible and therefore can serve as a precise indicator in understanding the process of formation of individual crystals and hydrothermal deposits. Other studies of the All-Union Research Institute of Piezo-optical Mineral Raw Materials are also discussed. This collection of monographs will prove invaluable to mineralogists, geologists, and research-chemists studying minerals and ore deposits.

  • Air Pollution

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Meteorology Division
    • 1st Edition
    • R. S. Scorer
    • R. S. Scorer
    • English
    Air Pollution describes the basic mechanisms of how air pollution is transported and diffused in the atmosphere. The book discusses topics on pollution over flat country, formula and mechanisms of dilution; high level, ground and valley inversions; thermal, mechanical, and optical effects which influence air pollution; flow which leaves a solid surface or separation; and the effects and repercussions of air pollution. Physicists, meteorologists, environmentalists, and researchers will find the book insightful.

  • Clays and Clay Minerals

    Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals
    • 1st Edition
    • Ada Swineford
    • English
    Clays and Clay Minerals, Volume 8 contains the proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals held in Norman, Oklahoma, on October 11-14, 1959 and sponsored by the Clay Minerals Committee of the National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council in cooperation with the University of Oklahoma. The papers explore research findings as well as problems related to clays and clay minerals in many diverse disciplines. This volume is comprised of 22 chapters and begins with a description of clays and clay minerals present in Wichita Mountain area, southwestern Oklahoma, followed by an analysis of the correlations of kaolinite crystallinity with chemical and physical properties. An evaluation of the amount and distribution of montmorillonite in some kaolins found in Georgia and South Carolina is then presented. Subsequent chapters focus on the geology, mineralogy, and genesis of selected fireclays from Latah County, Idaho; chemical weathering of layer silicate clays in loess-derived Tama silt loam of southwestern Wisconsin; possible uses of clay minerals in the search for oil; and a geochemical method for determining paleosalinity. The final chapter presents the results of a mineralogical analysis of soil clays involving vermiculite-chlorite... differentiation. This book will appeal to geologists, geochemists, and mineralogists.

  • Weather and Life

    An Introduction to Biometeorology
    • 1st Edition
    • William P. Lowry
    • English
    Weather and Life: An Introduction to Biometeorology provides information pertinent to the interactions between and among the various parts of an organism-environment system. This book discusses the ways of analyzing information to permit an understanding of the whole and to allow intelligent management of the system. Organized into four sections encompassing 17 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the fundamental environmental factors of radiation, moisture, wind, and temperature and heat. This text then analyzes the environmental factors with a philosophical excursion into matters of data collection and instrumentation. Other chapters consider some of the more widely accepted biological concepts. This book discusses as well the problems of urban climate and air pollution. The final chapter deals with the advances in biometeorology in terms of routine weather observations, of statistical methods, and of high-speed computers. This book is a valuable resource for biometeorologists, meteorologists, biologists, ecologists, scientists, and plant physiologists.

  • Applied Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers

    The Elements of Geophysical Prospecting
    • 2nd Edition
    • D. H. Griffiths + 1 more
    • English
    Covers the fundamentals of all currently used methods (seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, borehole logging and remote sensing) and pays special attention to the seismic refraction and electrical resistivity techniques which are the ones most commonly used in engineering and groundwater geophysics. The main changes in this new edition of Applied Geophysics for Engineers and Geologists, apart from a general updating, and conversion to SI units, is a more extensive treatment of electromagnetic and induced polarisation methods, and of geophysical borehole logging. The seismic reflection method is also treated more fully in view of its great importance in petroleum prospecting. Problems, with answers are also included. Taken together, the changes are so great that this is virtually a new book, as is suggested by the change in title

  • Photogeology and Regional Mapping

    • 1st Edition
    • J. A. E. Allum
    • Robert Maxwell
    • English
    Photogeology and Regional Mapping covers the geological interpretation of aerial photographs, the compilation of the interpretations on to maps, the use of aerial photographs in the field, and the use of aerial photography for the production of the final geological map. This book is organized into 10 chapters and starts with an introduction to the aerial photograph. The subsequent chapters deal with the properties of the aerial photograph, including the scale, parallax and their difference. These chapters also survey the process of stereoscopy, the stereoscopic vision, pseudoscopic vision, and setting up the aerial photographs. These topics are followed by discussions on interpretation of the aerial photographs encoded into a map. Other chapters describe the production of the photogeological map and field mapping with the use of aerial photographs. The last chapters consider the compilation of the encoded aerial photographs made into maps and the photogrammetry for geologists that explains the minor control plot, detail plotting, measurement of height differences using a stereometer. This book will be of value to geologists.

  • The Planet Earth

    • 2nd Edition
    • D. R. Bates
    • English
    The Planet Earth, Second Edition focuses on the advances in geophysical sciences and fundamental laws of nature. This edition introduces a new chapter (Chapter 17), which discusses Van Allen radiation belts. The rest of the chapters have also been modified and updated with additions on the work and achievements of the International Geophysical Year (IGY); Mohole project; continental drift and polar wandering; exosphere; state of the theory of magnetic storms and aurorae; and possibility of extra-terrestrial sources of life. Topics also deliberated in this book include origin, age, and possible ultimate fate of the earth; general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans; aurorae and magnetic storms; and genesis of life. This publication is a good reference for students and researchers conducting work on geophysics.

  • Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits

    Centre for Natural Resources, Energy and Transport, United Nations, New York
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits reviews advances in the mining and processing of low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits, taking into account the environmental considerations that increasingly are being regarded as a necessary prerequisite to acceptable mineral resources development. The focus is on marginal and sub-marginal ores, as well as ores of above normal cut-off grades which for some reason cannot be mined and/or processed economically at current technological or economic levels. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of low-grade ore potential, followed by a discussion on the theoretical and practical aspects of in situ mining. Block cave-in place leaching, biological leaching of sulfide ores, and nuclear chemical mining of primary copper sulfides are also considered. Subsequent chapters explore the economics and safety of nuclear chemical copper mining; hydrometallurgy of low-grade copper ores; trends in process metallurgy; and environmental aspects of mining and processing low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits. This monograph should be of interest to mining officials and professionals.

  • Selected Readings in Mineral Economics

    • 1st Edition
    • F.J. Anderson
    • English
    Selected Readings in Mineral Economics reviews the economic principles of mineral investment activities and mining decisions. Topics range from mineral reserves and exploration to the economics of mineral projects, taxation issues, and marketing and finance. This text is comprised of 27 chapters. After explaining the distinction between resources and reserves, this book proposes a concept of mineral reserves. The chapters that follow explore the conversion of resources into reserves through the exploration process, while focusing on the flow from resources to reserves and metal production based on the concept of the ""monitoring curve,"" along with the process of depletion and reserves replacement. The next section illustrates the range of issues associated with rational project evaluation in the minerals sector, considering the discounted cash flow techniques and option pricing as an approach to mine valuation. The effects of Canada's tax system on the mineral supply process are then examined, together with international mineral markets and finance. This text concludes with a chapter that analyzes financing methods for large-scale mining projects, including innovative methods of debt finance involving risk sharing. This book will be of interest to those working in the mining and metallurgical industries.

  • A Geography of the Soviet Union

    Pergamon Oxford Geographies
    • 3rd Edition
    • John C. Dewdney
    • W. B. Fisher
    • English
    A Geography of the Soviet Union, Third Edition presents the significant geographical elements of the contemporary U.S.S.R. This book explores the human, economic, and political conditions and problems posed by the various geographical features. Organized into 11 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the comparison of the relative sizes of U.S.A, U.K., and U.S.S.R. This text then provides a detailed account of the main features of the geological structure of the Soviet Union. Other chapters consider the latitude distribution of the land area of the U.S.S.R. that is extremely significant in the effect it has on climatic conditions. This book discusses as well the historical geography of Soviet Union, tracing the stages by which so large an area has been brought within the frontiers of a single political unit. This book is intended to be suitable for fifth and sixth level pupils in school as well as for first-year university students.

  • Arid Land Irrigation in Developing Countries

    Environmental Problems and Effects
    • 1st Edition
    • E. Barton Worthington
    • English
    Arid Land Irrigation in Developing Countries: Environmental Problems and Effects covers the proceedings of the International Symposium on Arid Land Irrigation, held in Alexandria, Egypt on February 16-21 1976. This book is organized into eight sections encompassing 46 chapters. The opening section deals first with the benefits of arid land irrigation and the effective use of water in irrigated agriculture. This section also tackles the public health and socio-economic impacts of irrigation, as well as the planning and managing of irrigation and drainage systems. The next section discusses the results of some case studies on arid land irrigation, such as in districts in Mexico, Iran, and Egypt. Other sections explore the influence of irrigation on changes in hydrological processes and cycle, soil fertility, water quality, and biological balances. The closing sections consider the human problems in irrigation areas, with an emphasis on the problem of schistosomiasis and malaria. These sections also look into the viewpoints of specialist agencies of the United Nations on arid land irrigation. This book will be of value to agriculturists, economists, and researchers.

  • Lunar Science: A Post - Apollo View

    Scientific Results and Insights from the Lunar Samples
    • 1st Edition
    • Stuart Ross Taylor
    • English
    Lunar Science: A Post-Apollo View: Scientific Results and Insights from the Lunar Samples examines the scientific data and discoveries provided by the manned Apollo lunar missions as they are understood. The interpretative aspects of the study are given emphasis in order to present a coherent story of the evolution and origin of the moon based on the lunar samples collected by Apollo. This text has seven chapters; the first of which discusses studies and observations of the moon, particularly its surface, prior to Apollo. Attention then turns to the beginning of the Apollo missions, six of which were successful and one was aborted. The next chapter outlines the broad framework of the lunar landscape and the stratigraphic relations, focusing on lunar topography and other geologic features such as craters, rilles, central peaks and peak rings, wrinkle ridges, and maria lava flows. The reader is also introduced to the nature of the moon's surface, highlighting features such as microcraters and micrometeorites, along with maria basalts, the highlands, and the lunar interior. A chapter on the state of knowledge about the evolution and origin of the moon based on evidence gathered by the Apollo missions concludes the book. An epilogue assesses the usefulness of manned space flight. This book will be valuable to lunar scientists as well as to those with an interest in astronomy and space exploration.

  • Earth and Cosmos

    A Book Relating the Environment of Man on Earth to the Environment of Earth in the Cosmos
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert S. Kandel
    • English
    Earth and Cosmos presents a comprehensive view of the many connections between the environment of Man on Earth and the environment of the Earth in the cosmos. Topics covered range from matter, radiation, and the basic forces of nature to Earth's relation to the universe, the galaxy, and the sun. The energy balance and global circulation of the atmosphere are also discussed, along with continents, oceans, and climate. This book is comprised of 13 chapters and begins with an overview of the environment of Man on Earth, with emphasis on the Earth's chemical composition and how it is related to both cosmic and terrestrial processes; the radiation environment at the Earth's surface and above; how the atmosphere interacts with both solar and terrestrial radiation; and climate. The following chapters explore matter, radiation, and the laws of nature in relation to the universe; how the terrestrial environment is related to the structure of the universe as a whole; how the composition of the solar system and the Earth reflects the history of the galaxy; and the stability of the Earth's environment. The origins of life on Earth and the impact of human activities on the planet are also considered. The last chapter speaks of the future of humanity, and notably of the problem of the population explosion and its consequences. This monograph will be of interest to students, astronomers, planetary scientists, astrophysicists, biologists, chemists, and geologists.

  • Clays and Clay Minerals

    Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference, Berkeley, California
    • 1st Edition
    • S. W. Bailey
    • English
    Clays and Clay Minerals documents the proceedings of the 14th National Conference in Berkeley, California. This book focuses on the structure and quantitative analysis, surface reactivity, genesis, and synthesis of clays and clay minerals. Topics discussed include status of clay mineral structures; layer charge relations in clay minerals of micaceous soils and sediments; mechanical force fields in a clay mineral particle system; and kinetics of decomposition of cobalt coordination complexes on montmorillonite surfaces. The factors affecting the frequency distribution of clay minerals in soils; stability of brucite in the weathering zone of the new Idria serpentinite; and interrelationships of physical and chemical properties of kaolinites are also elaborated in this publication. This compilation is beneficial to students and researchers conducting work on clay mineral studies.

  • Geological Maps

    • 1st Edition
    • B. Simpson
    • F. H. T. Rhodes
    • English
    Designed for use by students studying geological maps for the first time and principally concerned with the sheet-like bodies of sedimentary and igneous rocks. Although it is an introductory volume, the student can use it with the minimum of supervision and teaching because, contrary to other books, the approach adopted is the actual presentation of the process of solution of geological maps rather than the presentation of geological map exercises. The book is intended for Geology students in schools and technical colleges, and for first-year geology and civil engineering courses.

  • Transformation of Petroleum in Nature

    International Series of Monographs in Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • P. F. Andreev + 2 more
    • Dean Earl Ingerson
    • English
    Transformation of Petroleum in Nature is a a comprehensive account of the thermodynamic principles governing petroleum transformations in nature. Topics covered range from the dependence of petroleum properties on geologic-geochemical conditions to processes of spontaneous alteration of organic matter. A considerable section of the book is devoted to the thermodynamic transformation of hydrocarbons. Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the connection between the properties of petroleum and its geologic age, as well as the basic aspects of the natural phenomenon and the many observed deviations from this basic phenomenon. The role played by a number of catalysts in connection with the transformable material is also considered, along with geochemical transformations of petroleum during the process of migration into the reservoir rocks. Subsequent chapters focus on the phenomenology of spontaneous transformation processes of organic matter; thermodynamics of low-temperature transformation of hydrocarbons; oxidative transformations of petroleum in nature; and the significance of clays in the formation and conversion of petroleum in the earth's crust. The thermocatalytic transformations of heterogeneous organic compounds are also analyzed. This book will be of interest to petroleum geologists and geochemists.

  • Predictive Geology

    With Emphasis on Nuclear-Waste Disposal
    • 1st Edition
    • Ghislain De Marsily + 1 more
    • English
    Predictive Geology: With Emphasis on Nuclear-Waste Disposal covers the proceedings of papers presented at sessions sponsored by the International Association for Mathematical Geology. The topics that this book tackles are issues relevant to nuclear-waste disposal. The first chapter discusses the use of plate tectonics as a catastrophe theoretic model, and the second chapter covers geologic predictions and radioactive waste disposal. Chapter 3 also talks about radioactive waste disposal, with emphasis on the application of predictive geology. Chapter 4 discusses salt domes and Chapter 5 tackles the use of fault-tree analysis for probabilistic assessment of radioactive-waste segregation. The sixth chapter covers predictive geology in nuclear-waste management, while the seventh chapter tackles nuclear power on unstable ground. The eighth chapter deals with long-term thermohydrologic behavior of nuclear-waste repositories. Chapter 9 discusses the influence of faulting on groundwater flow and contaminant transport, while chapter 10 covers the influence of microfissures in crystalline rock on radionuclide migration. The eleventh chapter tackles the long-term prediction of the fate of nuclear waste deeply buried in granite, and the twelfth chapter talks about the use of quantitative evaluation of the contribution of geologic knowledge in exploration for petroleum. The last chapter deals with resource-estimation models and predicted discovery. Researchers and professionals concerned with the effects of radioactive materials to the environment will find this book a great source of information.

  • Complexing and Hydrothermal Ore Deposition

    International Series of Monographs on Earth Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Harold C. Helgeson
    • Dean Earl Ingerson
    • English
    Complexing and Hydrothermal Ore Deposition provides a synthesis of fact, theory, and interpretative speculation on hydrothermal ore-forming solutions. This book summarizes information and theory of the internal chemistry of aqueous electrolyte solutions accumulated in previous years. The scope of the discussion is limited to those aspects of particular interest to the geologist working on the problem of hydrothermal ore genesis. Wherever feasible, fundamental principles are reviewed. Portions of this text are devoted to calculations of specific hydrothermal equilibriums in multicomponent solutions at elevated temperatures, including a general examination and evaluation of the solution chemistry and geochemical parameters involved in aqueous transport and deposition of the ore-forming metals. This publication is intended for geologists, but is also beneficial for students conducting research on the components of soil and rock.

  • Your Solar Energy Home

    Including Wind and Methane Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Derek Howell
    • English
    Your Solar Energy Home: Including Wind and Methane Applications considers the worldwide domestic use of solar energy. This book is divided into 18 chapters that also cover the consumption of wind energy and methane. The opening chapters present data on solar energy usage in various countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Canada. The succeeding chapters deal with the collection and storage of solar energy, as well as the design and production of solar collector. Other chapters describe scheme for solar home heating and solar domestic hot water. These topics are followed by discussions of wind and water power schemes. The final chapters highlight the production, use, and economics of methane gas.

  • Transistors

    • 1st Edition
    • E. J. M. Kendall
    • English
    Transistors covers the main thread of transistor development. This book is organized into 2 parts encompassing 19, and starts with an overview of the semi-conductor physics pertinent to the understanding of transistors, as well as features and applications of the point contact devices and junction devices. The subsequent part deals with the modulation of conductance of thin films of conductors by surface charges, the metal-semi conductor, and the semi-conductor triode. These topics are followed by discussions on the nature of the forward current, physical principles in transistor, the hole injection in transistor, and the double-surface transistor in which the emitter and collector contacts bear on the two opposite faces of a thin wedge or slab of semiconductor. Other papers describe the effects of electrical forming on the rectifying barrier, the junction in semiconductors and transistors, the theory of Alpha for diffused junction transistors, and a high frequency diffused transistor. The last chapters consider unipolar, analog, and thin film transistors This book will be of value to physicists and researchers in the allied fields.

  • Biometeorology

    Proceedings of the Second International Bioclimatological Congress Held at the Royal Society of Medicine, London, 4–10 Sept. 1960, Organized by The International Society of Biometeorology
    • 1st Edition
    • S. W. Tromp
    • English
    Biometeorology is based on the proceedings of the Second International Bioclimatological Congress, held at The Royal Society of Medicine, London in September 1960. This book is a collection of selected reports from participating members of The International Society of Biometeorology. The compendium covers a wide range of issues related to the study of the direct and indirect interrelations between the geophysical and geochemical factors of the atmospheric environment and living organisms: plants, animals, and human. The book is divided into four main sections; themes are selected for the congress. The first theme covers topics on high altitude bioclimatology such as the physiological aspects of life at extreme altitudes. The second theme is about tropical bioclimatology or aspects of plant and animal life in tropical climates. The third deals with bioclimatological classifications, which is about the relations between the climate and the distribution of the living species on the Earth. The fourth theme, meteoro-pathological forecasting, discusses the consequences of anticipated meteorological conditions and weather types on living organisms. The text will be of use to biologists, health professionals, zoologists, botanists, agriculturists, sociologists, meteorologists, and ecologists.

  • The River Nile

    Geology, Hydrology and Utilization
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Said
    • English
    This multidisciplinary book by the author of The Geology of Egypt is the result of many years of research. It attempts to reconstruct the history of the River Nile from its origins to its present shape and regimen and also to ascertain the amount of water which has been carried by the river during the course of its history. It examines the manner in which this water was utilized in the past and the ways in which it will have to be used in future if the inhabitants of the river basin are to cope with their anticipated needs.Part One traces the geological history of the Nile from the time it started to excavate its valley some six million years ago until the present shape was assumed during the wet period which affected Africa after the retreat of the ice of the last glacial age some 10,000 years ago. Part Two deals with the amount of water that the river and its tributaries carry at present and have carried in the past. Part Three discusses the utilization of the water of the Nile from the time of the first appearance of man in the valley until the present time. It traces man's attempt to harness the river from the earliest time to the building of the Aswan High Dam. The book evaluates the effects of the dam after twenty years of operation. Part Four covers the present water supply-demand balance in each basin state and discusses the future plans of these countries to use the waters of the Nile. The rapidly growing populations and the prolonged droughts of recent years have put pressure upon the available waters of the river.

  • Remote Sensing and Mineral Exploration

    Proceedings of a Workshop of the Twenty-Second Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, Bangalore, India, 29 May to 9 June 1979
    • 1st Edition
    • W. D. Carter + 2 more
    • English
    Remote Sensing and Mineral Exploration contains the proceedings of the international workshop on remote sensing and mineral exploration, held in Bangalore, India in June 1979. The compendium is comprised of papers presented at the workshop and reflects the state of remote sensing in the field of geology and exploration for mineral and energy resources. The two-day conference serves as a platform for geologists and other experts in related fields to share experiences and research studies on the use of satellites and other remote sensing techniques in geologic mapping and mineral and energy exploration. Topics presented include, contributions of LANDSAT data to the geological survey of India; characteristics of the LANDSAT system and data for geologic applications; application of remote sensing techniques to petroleum exploration; and an automatic method of discriminating rock outcrops using LANDSAT data. Geologists, petroleum and mineral exploration experts, and researchers will find this book an interesting reading material.

  • Random Field Models in Earth Sciences

    • 1st Edition
    • George Christakos
    • English
    This book is about modeling as a prinicipal component of scientific investigations. In general terms, modeling is the funamental process of combining intellectual creativity with physical knowledge and mathematical techniques in order to learn the properties of the mechanisms underlying a physical phenomenon and make predictions. The book focuses on a specific class of models, namely, random field models and certain of their physical applications in the context of a stochastic data analysis and processing research program. The term application is considered here in the sense wherein the mathematical random field model is shaping, but is also being shaped by, its objects.

  • Hydrology

    An Advanced Introduction to Hydrological Processes and Modelling
    • 1st Edition
    • Arved J. Raudkivi
    • English
    Hydrology: An Advanced Introduction to Hydrological Processes and Modelling introduces the reader to hydrological processes and methods of estimation of the various quantities involved. Topics covered range from elements of meteorology to precipitation, evaporation and transpiration, interception, and flood routing. Extreme events, design flood, and small catchment runoff are also discussed. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of hydrology and the hydrologic cycle, along with the world's water resources and their utilization and management. Subsequent chapters deal with atmospheric thermodynamics and atmospheric circulation; analysis and measurement of precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, and interception; infiltration of groundwater; and reservoir and stream routing. Storage for flood control and regulation for abatement of water shortage are also considered, along with stratification and siltation of reservoirs, catchment yield, and sediment yield and transport. The final chapter highlights the importance of information analysis and decision making in hydrological work. This monograph is written for senior and postgraduate students and should also be of value to practitioners of physics, mathematics, and civil engineering.

  • Weather and Climate on Planets

    • 1st Edition
    • K Y Kondratyev + 1 more
    • English
    Weather and Climate on Planets discusses the problems of the meteorology of planets. Planetary meteorology is the study of the regularities of the atmospheres and their thermal regime and dynamics, specifically the properties of the planetary surfaces and the specific features of the interactions between the atmospheres and surfaces. This book contains four chapters and begins with an overview of origin and evolution of the solar system and planetary atmospheres. The introductory chapter describes some basic characteristics of planetary atmospheres, laboratory and numerical modeling of the atmospheric circulation, and the application of remote sounding. The remaining three chapters examine the weather, climate, and other meteorological aspects of planet Venus, Mars, and Jupiter. This book will be of value to meteorologists, astronomers, researchers, and students.

  • Isotope Chronostratigraphy

    Theory and Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Douglas F. Williams + 2 more
    • English
    Isotope Chronostratigraphy: Theory and Methods covers the concept of isotope chronostratigraphy. The book discusses the principles of interpretation, the methodology, as well as the synthesis of the oxygen and carbon isotope records of the Tertiary. The text also describes the detailed studies of the tertiary delta 18O and delta 13 C records by epoch; the stable isotopic evidence for and against sea level changes during the cenozoic; and the prospects for applying isotope chronostratigraphy to exploration wells. The paleobathymetric models using the delta 18O of foraminifera; the empirical approaches to isotope chronostratigraphy; and the quantitative methods of analysis are also considered. The book further tackles the semblance methods; the filter and deconvolution techniques; the frequency domain methods; and the maximum entropy and Q-model methods. Petroleum geologists and stratigraphers will find the text invaluable.

  • Stormwater Modeling

    • 1st Edition
    • Donald E. Overton + 1 more
    • English
    Stormwater Modeling presents the fundamentals of deterministic, parametric, and stochastic stormwater modeling. It is assumed that the reader or student will have a basic background in science or engineering; however, the authors are of the opinion that one can comfortably read and understand this treatise with a fundamental knowledge of calculus and differential equations. The book has been written with the intent of reaching an audience concerned primarily with evaluating the effects of land use on stormwater for the purpose of doing feasibility studies, planning, and/or design work. The book is organized into five parts. Part I discusses various modeling concepts such as the definition of a mathematical model, the systems approach to model building, examples of parametric and deterministic modeling, and stormwater model optimization. Part II on deterministic modeling covers the modeling of overland and open channel flow; kinematic flow approximation; and estimation of time of concentration using kinematic wave theory. Part III covers parametric modeling and includes chapters on model optimization;. analysis of the effects of urbanization and logging on stormwater; and evaluation of the effects of strip coal mining on watershed hydrologic response. Parts IV and V deal with stochastic stormwater modeling and stormwater quality modeling, respectively.

  • Paleontology and Neontology of Cephalopods

    • 1st Edition
    • M. R. Clarke + 1 more
    • English
    Paleontology and Neontology of Cephalopods examines information that throws new light on the evolution of coleoids. This book is part of a multivolume work, The Mollusca, which attempts to provide comprehensive treatment of major areas of molluscan research. The Mollusca is intended to serve several disciplines—zoology, biochemistry, physiology, and paleontology. It will prove useful to researchers and to all others with interests in mollusks. The book begins with a review of the main features of cephalopod evolution. This is followed by separate chapters on the evolution of the gladius in coleoids; the buccal mass of Cephalopoda; beaks of living coleoid Cephalopoda; cephalopod hooks; statoliths of cephalopods; buoyancy and locomotion in recent cephalopods; and evolution of the cephalopod brain and cephalopod statocyst. Subsequent chapters deal with the photophore structure and evolution within the Enoploteuthinae; the interrelationships of genera within the Ommastrephidae; evolutionary pathways traversed by the cephalopod family Cranchiidae; the cephalopod fauna of the European Mediterranean; and the evolution of recent cephalopods.

  • Analytical Methods For Geochemical Exploration

    • 1st Edition
    • J. C. Van Loon + 1 more
    • English
    Written for the practicing analyst, Analytical Methods for Geochemical Exploration offers thoroughly tested chemical analysis methods for determining what base or precious metals are in geochemical exploration samples, such as rocks, soil, or sediment. Theory is kept to a minimum and complete procedures are provided so that no additional sources are needed to conduct analyses.

  • Principles of Ocean Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 38
    • John R. Apel
    • William L. Donn
    • English
    In recent years, significant advances in both the theoretical and observational sides of physical oceanography have allowed the ocean's physical behavior to be described more quantitatively. This book discusses the physical mechanisms and processes of the sea, and will be valuable not only to oceanographers but also physicists, graduate students, and scientists working in dynamics or optics of the marine environment.

  • Nuclear Geophysics

    Selected Papers on Applications of Nuclear Techniques in Minerals Exploration, Mining and Process Control
    • 1st Edition
    • C.G. Clayton
    • English
    Nuclear techniques are critical in the exploration for oil and in the control of oil wells, and intrinsic to uranium exploration. This volume includes comprehensive review articles by internationally eminent scientists and engineers, on a wide variety of techniques and applications in the area of nuclear geophysics, including important new techniques and equipment being developed for use in the metalliferous and industrial minerals industries. Also included is a description of neutron interaction methods now being introduced to give a total elemental analysis, calorific value and ash-content, on-line.

  • Geological Strain Analysis

    A Manual for the Rf/Ø Method
    • 1st Edition
    • R. J. Lisle
    • English
    The trend towards a more quantitative approach in structural geology has stimulated the development of a number of techniques for determining the strain in deformed rocks of which the most widely used is one called the Rf/&fgr; method. With more than 100 applications of the technique published in the literature this is a timely work, describing as it does the practicalities of the method and its recent refinements. The comprehensive collection of standard graphs, indispensable for the determination of the strain, has never previously been widely available.

  • Drawing & Understanding Fossils

    A Theoretical and Practical Guide for Beginners with Self-assessment
    • 1st Edition
    • E. W. Nield
    • English
    A practical manual for the student of palaeontology, giving a grounding in theory, in addition to teaching graphical skills needed to make clear, representative and pleasing drawings of fossil specimens. As most early practical work in palaeontology is graphical the author has sought to teach the basics of graphic art as relevant to each fossil group. Puzzles, exercises and experiments are included, also self-assessment tests to allow students to check their progress.

  • Mineral Processing Technology

    An Introduction to the Practical Aspects of Ore Treatment and Mineral Recovery (In SI/Metric Units)
    • 4th Edition
    • Barry A. Wills
    • D. W. Hopkins
    • English
    Provides practising engineers and students of mineral processing, metallurgy and mining with a review of the common ore-processing techniques utilized in modern installations. Each chapter encompasses all the recent technical developments within each field, and discusses new equipment and process routes. This latest edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to include important new sections on economics, use of computers and developments in froth flotation. A further feature is a valuable collection of microcomputer programs, written in ANSI BASIC, for the solution of numerical mineral processing problems. The work is fully referenced up to 1987, indexed, and SI units are used throughout.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 12
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 12-1981 covers articles in the areas of fluid mechanics and hydrology. The book presents articles on advances in cavitation research, applied stochastic theory of storage in evolution, and echohydrodynamics. The text also includes articles on the usefulness and the basic nature of the application of pattern recognition in the context of hydrologic data analysis. A summary of the Hydrologic Engineering Center's experience in water resources system simulation is also encompassed. The book will prove invaluable to hydrologists, practitioners handling the design and control of hydraulic structures and machinery, and engineers working in the water industry.

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