Water Resources Management for Rural Development

Challenges and Mitigation

1st Edition - September 29, 2023
Editors: Sughosh Madhav, Sylvester Chibueze Izah, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Arun Lal Srivastav
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 7 8 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 7 9 - 7

Water Resources Management for Rural Development: Challenges and Mitigation provides an overview of the current challenges of rural water and its management strategies. The conte… Read more

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Water Resources Management for Rural Development: Challenges and Mitigation provides an overview of the current challenges of rural water and its management strategies. The content contains practical and theoretical aspects of the water crisis in rural areas in a changing climate era, with an emphasis on recent water crisis research and management strategies. The book's structure contains fundamentals of water resources, pollution, remediation, supply and management strategies. Case studies included provide different water-related issues around the globe, introducing the reader to the paths of reducing the burden on the groundwater and the alternative options for the supply of water in rural areas.

Decision-makers and water supply authorities will benefit from this unique resource that comprehensively covers rural water management in ways no comparable book has achieved.

Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Section 1 Challenges in rural water management
Chapter 1 Water pollution: Primary sources and associated human health hazards with special emphasis on rural areas
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of water pollution
1.3 Primary sources
1.4 Potential health hazards
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Water pollution in rural areas: Primary sources, associated health issues, and remedies
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Effect of water pollution in rural areas
2.3 Health hazards
2.4 Water rights and laws for availability of clean water for drinking
2.5 Statistical insights on the rate of pollution in India
2.6 Remedies to combat water pollution in various water bodies
2.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Reference
Chapter 3 Water pollution in rural areas: Primary sources and associated health issues
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Water pollution: pollutants and primary sources in rural areas
3.3 Water pollution and associated health issues
3.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Impact of climate change on rural water resources and its management strategies
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Climate change and causes of climate change
4.3 The climate change impact on water resources
4.4 Policy initiatives to conserve water resources
4.5 Management and conservation of water resources
4.6 Different methods for collecting rainwater
4.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Traditional methods of water purification in rural areas
5.1 Introduction
5.2 History of water purification
5.3 Methods of water purification in rural areas
5.4 Problems associated with traditional purification techniques
5.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Traditional techniques of water purification in rural areas
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Water is essential for human life
6.3 Different traditional water treatment methods
6.4 Chemical disinfection
6.5 Challenges
6.6 Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Section 2 Technical aspects of rural water management
Chapter 7 Conventional methods and materials used for water treatment in rural areas
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types and sources of water contamination in rural area
7.3 Effects of low-quality water in rural area
7.4 Purification methods
7.5 Comparison study
7.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Effective and affordable water purification technologies for rural development
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Conventional water purification techniques
8.3 Advance technologies for water treatment
8.4 Low-cost techniques for water purification for rural area
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Alternative water resources in rural areas: Smart solutions for a sustainable future
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Shortcomings and recommendations
9.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Advancement in technologies of water management in rural areas
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Advancement in rural water management
10.3 Water distribution
10.4 Water treatment system
10.5 Smart farming and irrigation
10.6 Traditional water conservation system
10.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Water efficiency in agriculture as a vital approach toward water management in rural areas
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Climate change and variability's impact on water resources
11.3 Climate system and changes in climate
11.4 A case study is based on an interview on rural area patterns adopted for water consumption
11.5 Effect of climate change on water resources
11.6 Prospects for long-term water supply
11.7 Availability of water resources
11.8 Issues of variability in water resources
11.9 Groundwater management
11.10 Groundwater quality monitoring in rural areas
11.11 Planning and management of water resources
11.12 Systematic water supply regulation
11.13 Water conserving applications
11.14 Sustainable water supply strategies in future
11.15 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Author contributions
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter 12 Integration of water resources management in rural areas
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Water management potential in Rural India
12.3 The “ideal” IWRM scenario
12.4 Concepts of integrated water resources management
12.5 Consumption stranded
12.6 Principles of integrated water resource management
12.7 Development of integrated water resources management in rural area
12.8 The IWRM framework
12.9 Implementation of integrated water resources management in rural area
12.10 IWRM requirements for the functional levels
12.11 A role of the constitution functional in IWRM in a rural area
12.12 Management of rural water resources as an organizational function
12.13 Evaluating the institutional framework: methods and resources
12.14 The possibilities and challenges of true integration of IWRM in rural areas
12.15 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Author contributions
Conflicts of interest
References
Section 3 Role of society, NGOs and Government in rural water management
Chapter 13 Sustainable management of eutrophication and problems associated with the algal toxin in ponds and lakes of rural areas
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Significance of lake and pond in rural water management
13.3 Degradation of water quality for lentic aquatic bodies of rural areas
13.4 Eutrophication and factors responsible for the growth of HABs
13.5 Mechanism for cyanobacterial toxin release into aquatic bodies
13.6 Community health issues on cyanotoxin exposure
13.7 Cyanotoxins showing neurotoxicity
13.8 Non-sustainable management of eutrophication and their drawbacks
13.9 Sustainable management practices and their advantage over non-sustainable methods
13.10 Microorganisms-based methods for HABs control
13.11 The integrated ecological floating bed
13.12 Use of natural plant-based organic algaecides
13.13 Suggestions for decision-makers and water supply authorities
13.14 Source protection
13.15 Generation of awareness among people in the community
13.16 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Toxic, non-toxic, and essential elements in drinking water: sources and associated health issues in rural Asia
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Toxic and non-toxic elements in rural water
14.3 Essential elements for human health
14.4 Spatial patterns of freshwater availability and characteristics in rural Asia
14.5
14.6 Factors affecting water chemistry and human health in rural Asia
14.7 Conclusions and suggestions to restore the drinking water characteristics in countryside areas
References
Chapter 15 Water resources of rural India: Challenges and management strategies for sustainable development
15.1 Introduction
15.2 An overview of India's water resources
15.3 Emerging challenges in the context of water resource management
15.4 The management and strategic planning of water resources in rural areas of India
15.5 Practices for the management of water resources
15.6 Assessment and planning of groundwater resources
15.7 Participatory water management
15.8 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 16 A comprehensive analysis of fluoride contamination in groundwater of rural area with special focus on India
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Source of fluoride contamination in groundwater
16.3 Distribution of fluoride in India
16.4 Health risk assessment
16.5 Water defluoridation techniques in rural area
16.6 Rural water management
16.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Prevalence of Uranium in groundwater of rural and urban regions of India
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Prevalence of uranium
17.3 Contamination of uranium in various places in India
17.4 Uranium contamination throughout the world
17.5 Prescribed limits in India and the world
17.6 Uranium occurrence and possible sources in groundwater
17.7 Characteristics of uranium
17.8 Sources of uranium in the environment
17.9 Natural sources
17.10 Mining of uranium
17.11 Nuclear waste
17.12 Mining of coal
17.13 Mining of phosphate rock
17.14 Oil industries
17.15 Agricultural activities
17.16 Overuse of groundwater
17.17 Environmental factors make it dissolve in groundwater
17.18 Health impacts
17.19 Impacts on human-beings
17.20 Brief about techniques available to detect
17.21 Remediation strategies/techniques
17.22 Remediation using nano-particles
17.23 Defluoridation techniques
17.24 Adsorption using Mg-Fe-based hydrotalcite compound
17.25 Bioremediation using biochar and microbes
17.26 Future perspective of contemporary and innovative methods for bioremediation
17.27 Conclusion
References
Section 4 Future scenario and case studies related to rural water management
Chapter 18 Challenges and mitigation techniques for clean rural water supply in Himachal Pradesh, India
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Sources and effects of different contaminants on biodiversity
18.3 Available techniques to treat the pollutants
18.4 Wastewater treatment plant
18.5 Water scenario at Himachal villages
18.6 Conclusion and recommendations
References
Chapter 19 Water challenges in rural–urban fringe villages: A case of Potheri village near Chennai, Tamil Nadu
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Water challenges in fringe villages
19.3 Water challenges in fringe villages of Chennai
19.4 Findings and discussion on water challenges in Potheri Village
19.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 20 Rural water management status, threats, and prospects: A case study of Sierra Leone
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Rural water management challenges
20.3 Rural water opportunities
20.4 Recommendations
20.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21 Occurrence and management of toxicity associated with parasitic pathogens in drinking water sources in rural areas in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Drinking water sources and group of waterborne pathogens
21.3 Common parasitic pathogens associated with open wells and surface water
21.4 Parasitic water-related infections: symptoms and incubation period
21.5 Prevalence of parasitic water-related diseases in the Niger Delta
21.6 Effective management of parasitic pathogens in rural drinking water supply
21.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22 Sustainable water use and management for agricultural transformation in Africa
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Water usage and challenges in agriculture
22.3 Agricultural transformation
22.4 Indigenous knowledge and agricultural transformation
22.5 Agricultural transformation in Africa and sustainable irrigation practices
22.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 23 Citizen science and technological approaches for sustainable drinking water supply and management in rural areas
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Overview
23.3 Drift in sustainability affecting the rural environment
23.4 Evaluation criteria to assess water supply
23.5 Citizen science in water science
23.6 Role of citizen science and technology in rural water supply and management
23.7 Case studies
23.8 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Index

Sughosh Madhav

Dr. Sughosh Madhav works as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. He has obtained his master’s degree from the Department of Environmental Science Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. He earned his doctorate from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. The area of his doctoral research is the environmental impact of textile effluents on groundwater and soil quality. He has published various research papers and book chapters in environmental geochemistry, water pollution, and wastewater remediation. He also edited 4 books related to water resource management in Elsevier, Springer, and Wiley publications.

Affiliations and expertise

Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

Sylvester Chibueze Izah

Dr. Izah possesses a Ph.D. in Applied Microbiology and Environmental Health, M.Sc. in Applied Microbiology, and B.Sc. in Biological Sciences from Niger Delta University, Nigeria. Dr. Izah worked in an Environmental Consultancy firm for over six years focusing on soil, water, and atmospheric assessment. He has carried out studies on vegetation cover and biodiversity concerning species diversity and composition in the course of his early career. Dr. Sylvester Izah is presently a Lecturer at the Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Nigeria. Dr. Sylvester Izah has an impressive research and publication record in the field of Applied Biological Research including Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology, Public and Environmental Health, Risk Assessment, Bioenergy, Toxicology, and Biodiversity studies. Dr. Izah has over 220 peer-reviewed publications including edited books. Presently his research is focusing on Applied Microbiology, Environmental Health, Food Science and Hygiene.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Microbiology, Bayelsa Medical University, Imgbi Road, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Eric D. van Hullebusch

Prof. Eric D. van Hullebusch is currently working as a full professor in biogeochemistry of engineered ecosystems at the Université Paris Cité and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (Paris, France). He has published more than 280 papers in scientific journals with peer review, has coedited 10 books, and is coauthor of more than 25 book chapters. His research activities are mainly focused on the three following topics: study of metals and metalloids biogeochemistry in engineered ecosystems (e.g. bioreactors) mainly dedicated to wastewater treatment for pollution control and resource recovery; investigation of the role of living organisms on the weathering of materials and minerals (concrete materials, natural and industrial glasses, metal sulfides, end of life products, WEEE and wastes such as metallurgical wastes for resource recovery, and so on); and remediation of soils contaminated by organic contaminants (bioremediation, enhanced soil physicochemical treatments, and so on).

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Biogeochemistry of Engineered Ecosystems, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe Biogeochimie a l'Anthropocene des Elements et Contaminants, Emergents (ACE), Paris, France

Arun Lal Srivastav

Dr. Arun Lal Srivastav is working as an Associate Professor at Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh in India. He is currently involved in the teaching of environmental science, environmental engineering, and disaster management to the undergraduate engineering students. His research interests include water treatment, river ecosystem, climate change, soil health maintenance, phytoremediation, and waste management. He has published around 91 research publication (as per SCOPUS) in various peer-reviewed, national and international journals, conferences, and books. He has also filed 25 patents on multidisciplinary topics. He is also working on four government-sponsored projects (worth ~16 million INR) on phytoremediation, adsorption, capacity building, organic farming, leachate treatment, agro-waste management, and so on.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India

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Water Resources Management for Rural Development

Challenges and Mitigation

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Sughosh Madhav

Sylvester Chibueze Izah

Eric D. van Hullebusch

Arun Lal Srivastav