Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny
- 1st Edition - September 28, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Authors: David Ian Groves, M. Santosh
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 6 8 4 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 6 8 5 - 5
**2025 PROSE Award Finalist in Earth Science**Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny provides insights into the critical parameters of Earth’s evolution… Read more
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Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny provides insights into the critical parameters of Earth’s evolution, particularly in terms of thermal state, tectonics, and the atmosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere system that control the metallogeny of the planet. World-class to giant mineral systems are described and interpreted in terms of their relationship to critical periods of change in tectonic regimes within the supercontinent cycle and evolution of the mantle lithosphere. Specific times of formation of highly anomalous giant mineral systems, such as the so-called Boring Billion, are discussed together with specific tectonic environments, such as craton edges and thick lithosphere margins.
This book provides an overview on how the evolution of Earth has dictated the nature and distribution of its mineral resources that are the foundation of our modern industries and provides insights into critical parameters for conceptual exploration targeting. Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny provides a helpful resource for researchers, academicians, undergraduate and graduate students, and geologists engaged in the fields of economic geology, geologic exploration, mineral systems, and earth evolution in understanding the timing and distribution of the world’s major mineral deposits and their relation to critical parameters controlling earth’s evolution.
- Draws together aspects of each book section through summary tables
- Synthesizes data in each book section using summary diagrams/figures
- Provides continuity between related sections of the book by providing end-of-chapter bullet-point conclusions
Professors and lecturers, undergraduate and graduate students, and geologists in the fields of economic geology, geologic exploration, mineral systems, and earth evolution
1. Introduction
2. Representative examples of mineral system models
2.1 Definition of mineral systems
2.2 Example of porphyry CuAuMo system
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Development of a coherent genetic model
2.2.3 A coherent mineral system model
2.2.4 Exploration summary
2.3 Example of orogenic gold system
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Development of a holistic genetic model
2.3.3 A coherent mineral system model for orogenic gold deposits
2.3.4 Exploration overview
3. Summary mineral systems models for relevant systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mineral systems involving mineralization processes in sedimentary basins
3.2.1 Paleoplacer gold (U) system
3.2.2 Unconformity-type uranium systems
3.2.3 Mississippi Valley type PbZnBa system
3.2.4 SEDEX ZnPbCu system
3.2.5 Zambian-type CuCo system
3.2.6 Broken Hill-type PbZnAg system
3.3 Submarine hydrothermal systems
3.3.1 Iron enrichment in banded iron formation systems
3.3.2 Sediment-hosted manganese systems
3.3.3 Volcanogenic massive sulfide CuZnPb (AuAg) system
3.4 Magmatic hydrothermal systems
3.4.1 Greisen/vein/replacement SnW system
3.4.2 Intrusion-related gold (W) system
3.4.3 Distal Carlin-type gold system
3.4.4 Kiruna-type FeP system
3.4.5 Ironoxide coppergold system
3.5 Magmatic systems with hydrothermal fluid involvement
3.5.1 Carbonatite-related CuP and REENb systems
3.5.2 Kimberlite/lamproite diamond system
3.6 Magmatic systems
3.6.1 Lithium pegmatite (Ta, Cs) systems
3.6.2 Giant-layered intrusion-hosted PGECrFeTiV system
3.6.3 Mafic intrusion-hosted NiCuPGE system
3.7 Summary
4. The critical role of subduction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Systems with direct associations to subduction in convergent margins
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Porphyry-high sulfidation-skarn CuAu6Mo systems in arcs
4.2.3 Granite-related tin and tungsten deposits in continental back-arcs
4.2.4 Volcanogenic massive sulfide CuZnPb systems in arcs
4.2.5 Epithermal AuAg systems in back-arc basins
4.2.6 Preservation potential
4.3 Orogenic gold systems in transpressional settings
4.4 Indirect association with late-subduction orogenic collapse or rifting
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 Intrusion-related gold systems
4.4.3 Carlin-type gold systems
4.5 Indirect association with subduction-related metasomatized lithosphere
4.5.1 Introduction
4.5.2 The Jiaodong orogenic gold system
4.6 Indirect association with magmatic systems derived from
subduction-related lithosphere metasomatism
4.6.1 Introduction
4.6.2 Magmatic copper, iron, niobium, phosphate,
rare earth elements (REE), and diamond deposits
4.6.3 Magmatic-hydrothermal CuAu systems
4.7 Summary
5. Mineral systems, tectonics, and the supercontinent cycle
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Evolution of the early Earth
5.2.1 Early Earth tectonics
5.2.2 Mantle overturns
5.2.3 Early plate tectonics
5.2.4 Formation of cratons
5.2.5 Heterogeneous Precambrian metallogeny of Archean cratons
5.2.6 Unique Archean to Paleoproterozoic mineral systems
5.3 Supercontinent cycles
5.3.1 Assembly and dispersal of supercontinents
5.3.2 Supercontinents through Earth history
5.4 Mineral systems and their relationship to the supercontinent system
5.4.1 Critical parameters of mineral systems
5.4.2 Mineral systems formed in convergent margin environments
5.4.3 Magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal systems formed near craton margins
5.5 Mineral deposits as sensitive indicators of Earth evolution
5.5.1 Coupled metallogenic and supercontinent cycles
5.6 Summary
6. The anomalous Boring Billion
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Overview of the Boring Billion
6.3 Metallogeny before and during the Boring Billion
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Early Precambrian mineral systems absent or rare in the Boring Billion
6.3.3 Mineral systems extending into the Boring Billion
6.3.4 Mineral systems largely confined to the Boring Billion
6.4 The not-so-boring metallogeny of the Boring Billion
6.5 The critical conjunction between metallogeny and tectonic evolution
6.6 Summary
7. Paleoproterozoic great oxidation event
7.1 Evolution of the atmospherehydrospherebiosphere system
7.1.1 Earth climate and evolution of life
7.1.2 Great oxygenation events
7.2 Metallogeny related to the Paleoproterozoic GOE
7.2.1 Valency implications for subsequent mineral systems
7.2.2 The great period of formation of iron deposits in banded iron formation systems
7.2.3 Evolution of manganese deposits
7.2.4 Evolution of uranium deposits
7.3 Summary: redox reflections of atmosphere evolution Cambrian explosion of life
8.1 Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic hydrospherebiosphere system evolution
8.2 Contrasting temporal pattern of SEDEX and MVT systems
8.3 Importance of abundant organisms
8.4 Potential importance of hydrocarbons
9. The role of craton and thick lithosphere margins
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Longevity of cratons and their margins
9.3 Modification of craton margins and underlying lithosphere
9.3.1 Structural modification
9.4 Metasomatic alteration of mantle lithosphere
9.5 Magmatic deposits derived from metasomatized lithosphere
9.5.1 Carbonatite-related Cu and P deposits
9.5.2 Carbonatite-related REENb deposits
9.5.3 Kiruna-type FeP deposits
9.5.4 Lamproite-associated diamonds
9.6 Magmatic-hydrothermal deposits from metasomatized lithosphere
9.6.1 Iron oxidecoppergold systems
9.6.2 Intrusion-related gold deposits
9.6.3 Carlin-type gold systems
9.7 Hydrothermal deposits derived from metasomatized lithosphere
9.7.1 Jiaodong and other Chinese orogenic gold deposits
9.7.2 Other orogenic gold deposits on craton margins
9.8 Magmatic systems related to intrusion via trans-lithosphere structures
9.8.1 Intrusion-related nickelcopperPGE systems
9.8.2 Anorthosite-hosted ilmenite deposits
9.9 Hydrothermal deposits related to deformation on craton margins
9.9.1 BIF-hosted iron ores
9.10 Sediment-hosted deposits on craton and thick lithosphere margins
9.10.1 Zambian copper belt-type deposits
9.10.2 SEDEX zincleadcopper systems
9.11 Diversity of mineral systems along craton and thick lithosphere margins
9.12 Summary
10. Implications for global exploration
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The role and appropriate scale of conceptual targeting
10.3 Most productive time periods for specific mineral systems
10.4 Association with craton and thick lithosphere margins
10.5 Detection of lithosphere scale structures connected to mineral systems
10.6 Summary
References
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 28, 2023
- No. of pages (Paperback): 300
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443216848
- eBook ISBN: 9780443216855
DG
David Ian Groves
Professor David I. Groves gained his BSc Hons (1st class) and PhD from the University of Tasmania and DSc from the University of Western Australia (UWA). He has carried out geological survey mapping and has acted as an exploration consultant but has spent most of his career as a pragmatic academic in which capacity he is now Emeritus Professor at UWA, Honorary Professor at the China University of Geosciences Beijing (CUGB), and Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. He has been awarded 13 medals and prizes for his research and has supervised 100 PhD and MSc students in a long career. He has benefitted from his mentors Professors Sam Carey and Mike Solomon who advised him “To disbelief if you can” and “You will never solve a problem by viewing it at too small a scale”, both the foundations of his success and advice that governments should heed! David could never have had such an eventful life without the support of his wife Suzanne and his extended family or been able to contribute to this book without input from geological colleagues, his former students, and association with Academician Jun Deng’s research group, particularly Drs Qingfei Wang and Liang Zhang, at CUGB through which he met Professor Santosh.
Affiliations and expertise
Economic Geologist, Honorary Professor at China University of Geosciences Beijing, and Emeritus Professor at the University of Western Australia.MS
M. Santosh
Professor M. Santosh is a Talent Professor at the CUGB, China, Honorary Professor at the University of Adelaide, Australia and Emeritus Professor at the Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Japan. His degrees are PhD (Cochin University of Science and Technology, India), D.Sc. (Osaka City University, Japan) and D.Sc. (University of Pretoria, South Africa). He is the Founding Editor of Gondwana Research as well as the founding Secretary General of the International Association for Gondwana Research. He is also the Editorial Advisor of Geoscience Frontiers and Geosystems and Geoenvironment. His research fields include global tectonics, metallogeny and life evolution in the Early Earth.
He is co-author of the book ‘Continents and Supercontinents’ (Oxford University Press, 2004). He has been recipient of Thomson Reuters 2012 Research Front Award, and Thomson Reuters/Clarivate High Cited Researcher Award during the past ten years. The collaboration and partnership of Professor David Groves and Santosh have led to a series of publications related to metallogeny in relation to global tectonics as well as the book Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny (Elsevier, 2023).
Affiliations and expertise
Honorary Professor at the University of Adelaide, Australia, foreign expert and Professor at the China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China, and Emeritus Professor at the Faculty of Science, Kochi University, JapanRead Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny on ScienceDirect