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North Holland

Micromechanics
Overall Properties of Heterogeneous Materials
1st Edition
Volume 37
S. Nemat-Nasser + 1 more
J. D. Achenbach
English
A comprehensive overview is given in this book towards a fundamental understanding of the micromechanics of the overall response and failure modes of advanced materials, such as ceramics and ceramic and other composites. These advanced materials have become the focus of systematic and extensive research in recent times. The book consists of two parts. The first part reviews solids with microdefects such as cavities, cracks, and inclusions, as well as elastic composites. To render the book self-contained, the second part focuses on the fundamentals of continuum mechanics, particularly linear elasticity which forms the basis for the development of small deformation micromechanics.In Part 1, a fundamental and general framework for quantitative, rigorous analysis of the overall response and failure modes of microstructurally heterogeneous solids is systematically developed. These expressions apply to broad classes of materials with inhomogeneities and defects. While for the most part, the general framework is set within linear elasticity, the results directly translate to heterogeneous solids with rate-dependent or rate-independent inelastic constituents. This application is specifically referred to in various chapters. The general exact correlations obtained between the overall properties and the microstructure are then used together with simple models, to develop techniques for direct quantitative evaluation of the overall response which is generally described in terms of instantaneous overall moduli or compliance. The correlations among the corresponding results for a variety of problems are examined in great detail. The bounds as well as the specific results, include new observations and original developments, as well as an in-depth account of the state of the art.Part 2 focuses on Elasticity. The section on variational methods includes some new elements which should prove useful for application to advanced modeling, as well as solutions of composites and related heterogeneous bodies. A brief modern version of elements in vector and tensor algebra is provided which is particularly tailored to provide a background for the rest of this book.The data contained in this volume as Part 1 includes new results on many basic issues in micromechanics, which will be helpful to graduate students and researchers involved with rigorous physically-based modeling of overall properties of heterogeneous solids.
Environmental Policy and the Economy
1st Edition
Volume 206
F.J. Dietz + 2 more
English
This volume focuses on issues of vital interest in environmental policy making. Knowledge is needed about the impacts of economic processes on the environment and vice versa; people's preferences regarding the environmental quality (including the availability of (non)renewable natural resources) must be known; and knowledge concerning the effectiveness and efficiency of the available policy instruments is essential. These issues are dealt with in various contributions on environmental-econom... modelling, valuation of the environment, the design of environmental policies and the economic consequences of environmental policy.
Thermodynamics of Point Defects and Their Relation with Bulk Properties
1st Edition
Volume 14
P.A. Varotsos + 1 more
S Amelinckx
English
Defects in Solids, Volume 14: Thermodynamics of Point Defects and Their Relation with Bulk Properties focuses on the methodologies, approaches, and reactions involved in the study of point defects in solids. The book first offers information on thermodynamic functions and formation of vacancies. Topics include parameters from the comparison with isochoric perfect crystal; relation between isobaric and isochoric parameters; temperature dependence of thermodynamic functions of solids; and statistical approach to vacancy parameters. The text then ponders on the formation of other point defects, migration, and thermodynamics of specific heat. The publication explains the analysis of experiments yielding defect parameters, including X-ray parameters, analysis of specific heat measurements, and ionic conductivity and reorientation of dipoles. The text also takes a look at mixed alkali and silver halides, explanation of empirical laws, as well as explanation of the empirical laws connecting activation entropy and enthalpy to the activation volume and variation of the bulk modulus with composition. The selection is a dependable reference for scientists and geophysicists interested in the thermodynamics of point defects.
Organic Materials for Photonics
Science and Technology
1st Edition
G. Zerbi
English
Polyconjugated organic materials are revealing amorphous electrical and non-linear optical properties; this fact is opening up a whole new field of Materials Science aimed at the development of new technologies. For many years inorganic materials were studied mostly for non-linear optical properties. When organic molecules began to show larger and faster responses, both physical chemists and organic chemists became involved in understanding the physical phenomena at a molecular level, with the hope of synthesizing new and better molecular systems. The non-linear optical responses of this class of organic materials are presently attracting considerable attention as an active field of research both in academic and industrial laboratories.Due to the variety of problems and techniques involved, students and beginners with different backgrounds who approach polyconjugated materials do not find it an easy field to enter. This book introduces in a comprehensive and tutorial way the necessary concepts and relevant references which will help the reader to grasp the fundamental concepts of polyconjugated organic materials and perceive the relations between them.
The Penetration of Charged Particles Through Matter (1912 - 1954)
1st Edition
Volume 8
J. Thorsen
English
Bohr's first acquaintance with the subject of penetration of charged particles through matter was as early as in 1912 when he treated the absorption of &agr; and &bgr; rays on the basis of Rutherford's atomic model. From then on he kept a lifelong interest in the subject, often using it as an important test of the methods of atomic mechanics. His last paper on penetration, written together with Jens Lindhard, dealt with electron capture and loss and was published in 1954.Part I of this volume follows Bohr's work on penetration theory based on classical mechanics. Part II deals with the general theory of penetration, taking quantum-mechanical considerations into account.
Methods of Functional Analysis for Application in Solid Mechanics
1st Edition
Volume 9
J. Mason
English
Publications oriented to the interests of engineering scientists and graduate students on topics of functional analysis and its applications are rare - this book has been written to fill the gap in the literature. It provides a readable account of basic mathematic topics, with illustrative examples and chapters devoted to finite elements, variational principles of elasticity and plasticity, variational inequalities and elastic stability. The text is entirely self-contained and covers a wide range of topics and ideas, from elementary concepts to modern theories and applications, and includes numerous references. It is written for engineers, graduate students and researchers who need a general knowledge of modern mathematical methods in solid mechanics.
A Basic Needs Policy Model
A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Ecuador
1st Edition
Volume 175
A. Kouwenaar
D.W. Jorgenson
English
Using recent research on Ecuador, this book discusses a social accounting matrix (SAM)-based model for simulating the effects of basic needs policies on various socio-economic groups. Specific parameter choice and specification of relationships allow the general equilibrium model to capture rigidities and occurrences of non-perfect commodity and factor markets. Basic needs satisfaction is described as an ``output'' resulting from income formation and expenditure, and dynamically linked to the structural processes of household and socio-economic group formation, formation of the labour force and wealth, and labour productivity. Simulations concentrate on the effects of various expenditure, indirect tax and redistributive policies on incomes and basic needs satisfaction.
Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction
1st Edition
Volume 2
Martin G. Tauber + 1 more
English
Nowadays, mental models are seen as crucial in systems design. Research is driven by the assumption that a better insight into a user's cognitive processes when using a system will improve design methods and provide friendly and efficient interfaces.The papers in this volume explore three fundamental issues: understanding the complexity of the intended worksystem, describing it by models and finally building the required powerful and usable system. The papers are an edited selection of those presented at the 8th interdisciplinary workshop on Mental Models and HCI, held in Austria in June 1989. They concentrate primarily on design issues, their theoretical background and the application of the concept of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Nevertheless, there are also contributions on theoretical topics and methodological questions.
Filtering and Control of Macroeconomic Systems
A Control System Incorporating the Kalman Filter for the Indian Economy
1st Edition
Volume 160
M.J.M. Rao
J. Tinbergen
English
Advances in computer technology, coupled with the sophistication of econometric modelling, have enabled rapid progress in the formulation and solution of optimal control and filtering programmes, especially in the sphere of macroeconomic policy designing.These developments in systems methodology have prompted the need for an interface between optimal control theory and dynamic macroeconomic analysis. The implications of this convergence have already aroused a great deal of research, but it remains to be seen whether policy makers in most developing countries will consider actually incorporating these techniques into planning. The author argues that control and systems theory can be of immense help in stabilizing those economies plagued by cyclical and structural problems. By demonstrating the applicability of control & filter theory to short-term macroeconomic planning, this book illuminates the impressive array of problems that can thereby be solved, and helps foster a closer working relationship between economists and control theorists. The work deals specifically with the construction of a Kalman filter mechanism, for deriving short-term optimal economic policies under conditions of uncertainty. It specifies and resolves a macroeconometric model which is linked to a unique observation sub-system of a given economy, congruent with the errors in information signalling which are prevalent within the data base context of most developing countries. An evaluation of control settings contrasts short and long-term economic policies. This indicates that an economy may `overheat' under protracted settings of instrument values around their optimal levels if the constraints on the system, in the form of external shocks, are too great to allow reaching all targets simultaneously using feasible instrument paths.
The Molecular Basis of Mutant Hemoglobin Dysfunction
1st Edition
Paul B. Sigler
English
The Molecular Basis of Mutant Hemoglobin Dysfunction contains the proceedings of the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center Symposium on the Molecular Basis of Mutant Hemoglobin Dysfunction held at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, on 7-10 October 1979. The symposium aims to document the progress of research efforts and bring together biochemists, geneticists, clinicians, counselors, and administrators, so that ensuing research will bring science to bear more effectively on these diseases. The volume contains 31 chapters organized into six sections. Section I presents two papers on the influence of fetal hemoglobin on the risk of complications and ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease. The papers in Section II deal with normal and abnormal gene expression. Section IIII is devoted to the structural analysis of mutant hemoglobins and their aggregates. Section IV focuses on evaluations of the physical and molecular basis of mutant hemoglobin dysfunction. The presentations in Section V cover cell biology and pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Section VI reviews the status of the therapy of sickle cell disease.

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