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Elsevier

Elsevier Science

  • The Origin and Domestication of Cultivated Plants

    • 1st Edition
    • C. Barigozzi
    • English
    This book consists of the proceedings of a symposium organized by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome. The proceedings are unusual in that it is a rare event to see archaeologists and geneticists coming together to discuss the connection between historical facts and biological phenomena. The aim of the symposium was to discuss the origin of some important cultivated plants (wheat, maize, barley, oat, legumes and fruit trees) not only in relation to genetical mechanisms but also as a complex of historical facts recognizable through archaeological research.This international Meeting based on interdisciplinary concepts, met with a prompt and positive reaction from all those specialists invited to attend. The book itself is an unparalleled contribution to the interdisciplinary knowledge on the origin of crop plants and agriculture.

  • Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Grains

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • J. Shejbal
    • English
    Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Grains emerged from the International Symposium on Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Grains held at Castelgandolfo, near Rome, Italy, from May 12-15, 1980. The event was organized by ASSORENI (Association of ENI Companies for Scientific Research) and co-sponsored by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), ICC (International Association for Cereal Chemistry) and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The event was the first international symposium ever held on the subject and the entire breadth of the field of grain storage in controlled atmospheres was included in the six sessions, from naturally produced oxygen-poor atmospheres in underground pits to sophisticated automatic inert gas industrial storage facilities. The present volume is organized into seven parts corresponding to the six Sessions of original papers and the Round Table Discussion Session. Parts I-VI contain papers presented during the sessions on natural air-tight storage, entomology of controlled atmosphere storage, microbiology of controlled atmosphere storage, artificial controlled atmosphere storage, preservation of quality in controlled atmospheres, and facilities for artificial controlled atmosphere storage and economic aspects. The Round Table Discussion in Part VII presents the wrap-up reports for the six Sessions followed by a general discussion.

  • Fatigue of Composite Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • K.L. Reifsnider
    • English
    This book provides the first comprehensive review of its kind on the long-term behaviour of composite materials and structures subjected to time variable mechanical, thermal, and chemical influences, a subject of critical importance to the design, development, and certification of high performance engineering structures. Specific topics examined include damage, damage characterization, and damage mechanics; fatigue testing and evaluation; fatigue behaviour of short and long fibre reinforced polymer and metal matrix materials; viscoelastic and moisture effects; delamination; statistical considerations; the modeling of cumulative damage development; and life prediction. The volume provides an extensive presentation of data, discussions, and comparisons on the behaviour of the major types of material systems in current use, as well as extensive analysis and modeling (including the first presentation of work not found elsewhere). The book will be of special interest to engineers concerned with reliability, maintainability, safety, certification, and damage tolerance; to materials developers concerned with making materials for long-term service, especially under severe loads and environments, and to lecturers, students, and researchers involved in material system design, performance, solid mechanics, fatigue, durability, and composite materials. The scope of the work extends from entry level material to the frontiers of the subject.

  • The Theory of Kinetics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • R.G. Compton + 2 more
    • English
    The Theory of Kinetics covers the practice and theory of kinetics and the kinetics of inorganic and organic reactions in gaseous and condensed phases and at interfaces. This text is composed of five chapters and starts with a review of the kinetic characterization of complex reaction systems. The succeeding chapter describes the formal and radical kinetics, as well as the energy factor in chain reactions. These topics are followed by a survey of the theory of the kinetics of elementary gas phase reactions and the unimolecular reaction of activated chemical species. The discussion then shifts to the general properties, reactions, and the theory of elementary reactions in solution. The last chapter examines the theory of kinetics of solid-state reactions. This book is of great value to physical, inorganic, and organic chemists.

  • Phase Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • H.A.J. Oonk
    • English
    Studies in Modern Thermodynamics, 3: Phase Theory: The Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Equilibria focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches employed in the determination of the thermodynamics of heterogeneous equilibria. The publication first elaborates on thermodynamic background, phase rule, and general relations for binary equilibria. Discussions focus on linear contributions, G-curves and phase diagram, function changes, Clapeyron's equation, derivation of phase rule, pressure and temperature, heat capacity, enthalpy, and Gibbs energy. The manuscript then examines demixing, isothermal liquid-vapor equilibria, isobaric equilibria between two mixed states, and isobaric equilibria between unmixed solid and mixed liquid state. Topics include phase diagrams, pure solid component with liquid mixture, equilibrium between two ideal states, calculation of phase diagrams, and types of phase diagram. The text ponders on the interpretation of TX phase diagrams and retrograde equilibrium curves, including retrograde solubility, regions of demixing, excess parameters, and eutectic systems. The publication is a valuable reference for researchers wanting to dig deeper into the thermodynamics of heterogeneous equilibria.

  • Structural Analysis of Organic Compounds by Combined Application of Spectroscopic Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • J.T. Clerc + 2 more
    • English
    Structural Analysis of Organic Compounds covers some practical analytical aspects of organic structural analysis by combined application of spectroscopic methods. This book is composed of three parts encompassing 35 chapters that specifically describe infrared-, ultraviolet-, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Considerable chapters discuss the problems intended to cover a wide variety of chemical structure and spectroscopic argument, thereby exemplifying interpretations and comment on specific practical aspects of the problem solving procedure. The remaining chapters provide short supplementing research concerning various aspects of structural analysis. This book will prove useful to organic and analytical chemists.

  • NMR for Liquid Fossil Fuels

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • L. Petrakis + 1 more
    • English
    High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of liquid fuels has provided valuable information on the molecular structures present in these fuels. The chemical insight gained through NMR studies has the potential to enhance significantly the development of processes for the utilization of fossil energy. For this potential to be fully realized, users of NMR information must be able to communicate effectively with NMR experts. Conversely, NMR experts must understand the type of information that users will attempt to derive from their spectra. The goal of this book is to strengthen the lines of communication between NMR experts and users in the area of NMR of liquid fuels.The book comprises two parts. The first part presents elements of relevant NMR phenomenology, including a definition of the most important NMR parameters, an introduction to Fourier transform NMR and a discussion of newer pulse techniques. Sufficient background material is presented to enable the reader to follow such techniques as spin echo, two-dimensional and polarization transfer experiments. These techniques are illustrated by extensive examples derived from fuel chemistry. The second part of the book addresses the interpretation of NMR spectra and is based, to a very large extent, on the work of the authors who have used NMR in a variety of applications in fossil fuels. This part describes in detail the three basic methods for interpreting NMR spectra of liquid fuels: average structural parameter calculations, average molecule construction and functional group analysis. The use of NMR in engineering calculations is also presented and should be particularly useful to those interested in processing of fossil fuels. Extensive examples are drawn from petroleum, shale oils, coal liquids and model systems. Computer programs for performing the characterizations from the spectra are provided.The book will appeal to a wide range of professionals. With its emphasis on applications, it will be of particular interest to those who use NMR to characterize liquid fossil fuels or those who provide NMR assistance to fossil fuel scientists and technologists.

  • Exploring the Cell Membrane: Conceptual Developments

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 39
    • A. Kleinzeller
    • English
    The suggestion for this collection of essays originated in part from a course given to graduate students at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. In sections of this course, the conceptual developments in the fields of membrane transport and cellular respiration were traced to illustrate general aspects of the development of ideas in a scientific field. Discussions with peers on the topic also greatly enhanced the development of the project as it is reflected in this book. The volume reflects the breadth and scope of this rapidly developing field, and is an excellent treatise of a historical evaluation of how this field has developed.

  • Evapotranspiration from Plant Communities

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 13
    • M.L. Sharma
    • English
    A change in land use has been found to alter the components of the hydrological cycle through its effects on evapotranspiration. This influences planning and management of water resources. The Workshop, from which this volume was derived, was organized in this context to discuss processes and techniques relevant to estimating evapotranspiration of communities ranging from agricultural to forested lands. Its objectives were to provide a forum for exchange of ideas, to gather up-to-date information on the state of the art, and to identify priority areas for future research.The eighteen papers in this volume have been selected from those presented at the Workshop on the basis of technical quality and subject matter coverage and result in a valuable contribution to our current understanding of evapotranspiration.

  • Advances in Composite Tribology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • K. Friedrich
    • English
    Much research has been carried out and a lot of progress has been made towards the use of composite materials in a wide field of tribological applications. In recent years studies have been made to determine to what degree phenomena governing the tribological performance of composites can be generalized and to consolidate interdisciplinary information for polymer-, metal- and ceramic matrix composites.The importance of promoting better knowledge in the areas of friction, lubrication and wear, in general, is demonstrated by the contents of this volume. It covers a wide range of subjects extending from fundamental research on the tribological characteristics of various multi-phase materials up to final applications of composites in wear loaded, technical components. Besides the emphasis on composites tribology, the great practical aspect of the field in many industrial applications is also reviewed by authors who are engaged in applied research as well as those in more academic activities. The articles in this volume will facilitate both researchers and mechanical designers in their work towards a set of predictive, materials engineering-related models for a more reliable use of composites as tribo-materials.Thro... the study of, and observation of, the tribology of sensibly formulated composite systems may emerge a clear and more profound understanding of the subject of tribology. In this sense, this book offers a major and critical evaluation of the state of understanding of the principles of tribology and its ability to serve the practical and commercial needs of this technology generally, and particularly in the context of composite systems.

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