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Elsevier Science

Phosgene
And Related Carbonyl Halides
1st Edition
Volume 24
T.A. Ryan + 3 more
English
Phosgene, COCl2 is a C1 chemical of major industrial importance. The annual production, worldwide, is more than 1 million tons; 90% of which is used in the manufacture of isocyanates and of polyurethane and polycarbonate resins. Phosgene is also extensively used as a synthetic reagent in organic chemistry, in particular in the preparation of acyl chlorides, chloroformate esters, organic carbonates and carbamoyl chlorides.Although more than 7000 papers have appeared on phosgene and some 1000 papers on its analogues, this is the first book on these interesting chemicals. It presents a critical treatise of phosgene, ranging from its discovery and subsequent use as a war gas to some potential applications of the material into the 21st century. It includes chapters on biological effects and industrial hygiene; on synthesis, formation and manufacture; analysis, uses, environmental effects, and physical and thermodynamic properties. Reactions with organic and inorganic materials are described. Four of the seventeen chapters are devoted to a description of the carbonyl halides (especially carbonyl difluoride) related to phosgene, and a special section deals collectively with the electronic structures of carbonyl halide molecules.Featuring the first-ever comprehensive discussion of the medical effects of phosgene poisoning and the most modern methods of treating exposure victims, the book will be of interest to historians and militarists and those working in the chemical industries (heavy chemicals, agricultural and pharmaceutical), university libraries, hospitals, medical research centres, museums, environmental research centres, poison units and health and safety institutions world-wide.
An Introduction to Dynamics of Colloids
1st Edition
Volume 2
J.K.G. Dhont
English
One of the few textbooks in the field, this volume deals with several aspects of the dynamics of colloids. A self-contained treatise, it fills the gap between research literature and existing books for graduate students and researchers. For readers with a background in chemistry, the first chapter contains a section on frequently used mathematical techniques, as well as statistical mechanics.Some of the topics covered include:• diffusion of free particles on the basis of the Langevin equation•the separation of time, length and angular scales;• the fundamental Fokker-Planck and Smoluchowski equations derived for interacting particles• friction of spheres and rods, and hydrodynamic interaction of spheres (including three body interactions)• diffusion, sedimentation, critical phenomena and phase separation kinetics• experimental light scattering results.For universities and research departments in industry this textbook makes vital reading.
Elsevier's Dictionary of Plant Names
In Latin, English, French, German and Italian
1st Edition
G. Creber + 1 more
English
This comprehensive overview of plant names includes over 12,500 terms covering 298 families, 2,787 genera and 9,427 species which are listed in the alphabetical order of their botanical names. In addition, 2,109 of the more common synonyms are given and referred to their current, preferred names.The presentation of the common names in the four languages of this dictionary is unusual in that as many as twelve names in one language are given. There are more than 17,250 English names including over 3,000 North American and 775 from Australia and New Zealand, whilst the nearly 400 Québecois and a sprinkling of West African and Mauritian names are included among the 13,300 French. More than 13,000 German and 8,600 Italian names are presented.This dictionary will be of value to translators of scientific and general literature; scientific and botanical authors; environmentalists and ecologists; and scientific and lay readers of foreign literature.
Advances in Space Biology and Medicine
1st Edition
Volume 5
S.L. Bonting
English
The fifth volume in this series, Space Biology and Medicine, is another special volume, this time dedicated entirely to the results of the second European study of the effects of long-term confinement and isolation, called EXEMSI. This projects was also sponsored by the European Space Agency's Long-Term Programme Office, Directorate of Space Station and Microgravity, in preparation for its long-term manned space missions, in particular its planned participation in the International Space Station through the Columbus program.The aim was to come closer to a space station situation that in the ISEMSI mission. This was achieved by five measures: (1) crew selection was performed by the European Astronauts Centre (EAC), (2) duration was extended to 60 days, (3) mixed crew of three males and one female was employed, (4) isolation facility resembled a space station in size and in having separate habitat, laboratory and storage modules, and (5) communication between crew and outside world was like that between a space station and a ground control center.The primary purpose of EXEMSI was to achieve a better understanding of the physiological, psychological, and sociological effects of long-term isolation and confinement of a small crew group under conditions similar to those that may be expected to exist for a space station crew. The secondary purpose was to acquire experience in the operational aspects of a future space station mission. Included were also items like verification of the test criteria for European astronaut selection, and study of the nutritional requirements of space station crews.The workload of the crew consisted of an extensive battery of psychological and physiological experiments, of housekeeping duties, and of additional space-related experiments. The nature and the results of these activities are described in this volume. The list of contents indicates the wide range of topics studied: physiological aspects as body weight and body composition, hormonal and water balance, nutritional status, immune function, cardiovascular and respiratory function, brain electrical activity; psychological aspects as group dynamics and crew interaction, communication, spatial behaviour, work capability, mental performance and attention, and cognitive fatigue. Additional experiments cover important topics like telemedical diagnosis and treatment, telescience, and operation of an algal bioregeneration system. The volume is concluded by two chapters in which the lessons learned are critically considered.This material should offer the reader a rather comprehensive view of the psychophysiological aspects of the confinement and isolation inherent in long-term space mission, missions which may be expected to become commonplace in the next decades. The results of this study and further studies of this nature should not only benefit future astronauts and assist those who are organizing long-term manned space missions, but should also be useful to investigators who are planning crew-operated experiments to be carried out during such missions.
Cell Chemistry and Physiology: Part II
1st Edition
Volume 4B
Edward Bittar
English
This volume illustrates the extent to which the traditional distinction between biochemical and physiological processes is being obliterated by molecular biology. It can hardly be doubted that the revolution in cell and molecular biology is leading to core knowledge that provides an outline of the integrative and reductionist approach. We view this as the beginning of a new era, that of the integration of learning.As in the preceding volumes, the choice of topics has been deliberate not only because of the need to keep the volume within reasonable bounds but also because of the need to avoid information over-load. Several relevant topics are dealt with in other modules; for example, the role of G proteins in transmembrane signalling is covered in the Membranes and Cell Signalling module (i.e., Volume 7). Omissions are of course inevitable but they are minor. A case in point is the subject of phosphatases, the treatment of which does not take into account calcineurin. One of the key functions of this Ca2+ -activated protein phosphatase that is also regulated by calmodulin is to desphosphorylate voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. The mere recognition of such omissions before or after consulting textbooks and journals should be a spur to a more complete discussion by the student of the subject in a small group teaching setting.
Modern Approaches to Data Assimilation in Ocean Modeling
1st Edition
Volume 61
P. Malanotte-Rizzoli
English
The field of oceanographic data assimilation is now well established. The main area of concern of oceanographic data assimilation is the necessity for systematic model improvement and ocean state estimation. In this respect, the book presents the newest, innovative applications combining the most sophisticated assimilation methods with the most complex ocean circulation models.Ocean prediction has also now emerged as an important area in itself. The book contains reviews of scientific oceanographic issues covering different time and space scales. The application of data assimilation methods can provide significant advances in the understanding of this subject. Also included are the first, recent developments in the forecasting of oceanic flows.Only original articles that have undergone full peer review are presented, to ensure the highest scientific quality. This work provides an excellent coverage of state-of-the-art oceanographic data assimilation.
Organic Chemistry in Action
The Design of Organic Synthesis
2nd Edition
Volume 51
F. Serratosa + 1 more
English
The first edition of this book was welcomed with great enthusiasm by teachers and students. It therefore seemed opportune to publish a second, revised, updated and extended edition. Unfortunately, Professor Fèlix Serratosa died before he could complete this task. Some new material has been added, the more significant changes being:. The book has been restructured into two well-differentiated sections: Part A, dealing with conventional organic synthesis, and Part B, devoted exclusively to computer-assisted organic synthesis and based on the former Chapter 11 and Appendices 2, 3 and 4 of the first edition. As decided in advance, Part B was to be the sole responsibility of Dr. Josep Xicart, who prepared the first versions of the CHAOS (Computerisation and Heuristics Applied to Organic Synthesis) program under the direction of Professor Serratosa.
Spectrochemical Trace Analysis for Metals and Metalloids
1st Edition
Volume 30
R. Lobinski + 1 more
English
Analytical methods, that combine a chemical sample treatment step with a spectrometric technique, applied to the determination of metals and metalloids at trace and ultratrace levels are discussed in this book. A thorough critical survey of the literature for the period 1985-1994 gives references to source articles always readily available in peer reviewed journals.The book comprises three parts. Part I discusses general aspects of successive steps of an analytical procedure from sampling and sample decomposition, through separation and preconcentration to spectrometric determination. Flow injection analysis, hyphenated techniques and speciation are included. Accuracy in trace analysis, sources of errors and the role of CRMs are also covered. Part II is devoted to practical aspects of sample handling and multielement trace analyses of environmental, geological, clinical, and industrial materials. Each chapter contains several tables summarizing procedures for multielement analysis of real samples and certified reference materials available for method validation. Part III contains 54 alphabetically arranged monographic reviews on spectrochemical trace analysis for individual elements. Each chapter gives basic information on analytico-chemical properties of the element which is followed by an overview of methods for its separation, preconcentration, and instrumental detection. Particular attention is given to practical issues, difficulties and quality assurance during the analysis of real samples. Each chapter contains tables summarizing the key steps of the procedures developed for the trace element determination and the detection characteristics reported.
Studies in Natural Products Chemistry
Stereoselective Synthesis (Part K)
1st Edition
Volume 18
Atta-ur Rahman
English
In Volume 18 of this well-established series, Professor Atta-ur-Rahman again brings together the work of several of the world's leading authorities in organic chemistry. Their contributions demonstrate the rapid, ongoing development of this field by illustrating many of the latest advances in synthetic methods, total synthesis, structure determination, biosynthetic pathways, and biological activity.The opening chapter presents an overview of strategies for the synthesis of several classes of natural products with an emphasis on complex polycyclic systems. Subsequent chapters discuss the synthesis of specific classes of compounds, including morphine, polyketides, acetogenins, nonactic acid derivatives, complex spirocyclic ethers, ä-lactam and pyridone derivatives, inositol phosphates, sphingolipids, brassinosteroids, Hernandia lignans, and dimeric steroidal pyrazine alkaloids. Finally, the ever stronger links between chemistry and biology are reinforced by chapters on the origin and function of secondary metabolites, bioactive conformations of gastrin hormones, and immunochemistry.
Progress in Medicinal Chemistry
1st Edition
Volume 33
English

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