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  • Modern Energy Economy in Beet Sugar Factories

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • K. Urbaniec
    • English
    This book is devoted to the problems of identifying the potential for, designing and implementing, energy-saving measures in beet sugar factories. As the sugar industries in various countries differ considerably with respect to the economic conditions for factory operation and the level of technological development, the problem range is very broad. It may include the elimination of faulty or unreliable auxiliary equipment, or the introduction of simple improvements in vapour distribution schemes, in factories operated in countries where the need for efficient energy utilization has not really been very urgent until now. On the other hand, there are sugar factories in some other countries where considerable achievements have been made in energy saving but where further progress may still be possible if more advanced engineering problems are solved.The author takes an interdisciplinary approach to its subject aimed at demonstrating how the energy demand of a sugar factory can be affected by the interactions between a number of factors, namely: layout and parameters of the energy conversion and distribution processes; layout and parameters of the sugar manufacturing process and by-processes; characteristics of the equipment and control systems; completeness and accuracy of the energy monitoring systems. The book consists essentially of three parts. In Chapters 1 to 3, some theoretical background is given and engineering principles for creating efficient energy conversion and utilization subsystems in sugar factories are reviewed. The second part - Chapters 4 to 7 - discusses recent developments in these areas and their importance to energy conversion and utilization in sugar factories. The presentation is illustrated with suitable practically-oriented examples based mostly on the author's experience gained from nine years working with an engineering company specializing in the design, erection and modernization of sugar factories, as well as five years of consulting and research for the sugar industry. Short examples are presented in Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 7, while in the third part of the book (Chapters 8 and 9) summaries are given of real-life design analyses of energy subsystems of sugar factories, characterized by different levels of sophistication of the energy economy.The book thus provides a systematic review which will be helpful to managers and technologists in sugar factories where the problem may arise of choosing the most appropriate set of measures that best fit the factory's unique needs. It can also be used in university-level courses on the energy economy of sugar factories, and will be of interest to design engineers and specialists engaged in research in the area.

  • Advanced Computational and Design Techniques in Applied Electromagnetic Systems

    Proceedings of the International ISEM Symposium on Advanced Computational and Design Techniques in Applied Electromagnetic Systems, Seoul, Korea, 22-24 June, 1994
    • 1st Edition
    • S.-Y. Hahn
    • English
    This symposium was concerned with advanced computational and design techniques in applied electromagnetic systems including devices and materials. The scope of the proceedings cover a wide variety of topics in applied electromagnetic fields: optimal design techniques and applications, inverse problems, advanced numerical techniques, mechanism and dynamics of new actuators, physics and applications of magnetic levitation, electromagnetic propulsion and superconductivity, modeling and applications of magnetic fluid, plasma and arc discharge, high-frequency field computations, electronic device simulations and magnetic materials.

  • The Origin of Arcs

    Invited Papers Presented at the International Conference "The Origin of Arcs", Held at the University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy, September 22nd-25th, 1986
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • F.-C. Wezel
    • English
    This volume contains a collection of papers presented as distinguished guest lectures at the International Conference on ``The Origin of Arcs'' held at the University of Urbino in September 1986, under the joint sponsorship of the European Union of Geosciences and the Italian Geological Society.The workshop on island and mountain arcs has been organized with the aim of increasing our understanding of the intrinsic nature of orogenic and post-orogenic processes, on the basis of empiric factual data, rather than particular theoretic models. Quite often a trivial piece of field data appears to bear much more weight than many fascinating hypotheses put forward by the human mind. This seems to be much more valid in geology, where a special method is necessitated by the particular nature of the geological phenomena and the time concept. Every general law deduced should be rooted in the study of the earth's development in geological time. It is the editor's opinion that there must first be an inductive picture by means of geological methods and then it must be interpreted by geophysicists in the light of physical laws. The geological method must serve, besides, to test the historical credibility of geophysical theories. It is clear that these two methods, the geological-historica... one and the geophysical one, must be complementary and the one must not substitute the other.Since the problem of the structure and origin of arcs is open to several solutions, different factors being still unexplained, all correctly deduced opinions are considered by the editor. The contributors to this pre-conference volume have been asked to present essential geological results, as concrete as possible, on some basic problems, such as:Are the island and mountain arcs primary or induced features?How have these orogenic festoons developed into their similar regular shapes?What are the relationships between "primary" active arcs and "secondary" mountain arcs?What is the dominant deformational factor in the bulging of the arc?What is the real nature and tectonic significance of the Benioff zone?These papers have been grouped into five more or less natural sections, of which three are defined on the basis of geography. But of course several range broadly and the classification serves only to channel the discussion in a practical way.

  • The Terrestrial Environment, B

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume B
    • P. Fritz
    • English
    Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry, Volume 2: The Terrestrial Environment, B focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches involved in isotope geochemistry. The selection first elaborates on mathematical models for the interpretation of environmental radioisotopes in groundwater systems; isotopes in cloud physics; and environmental isotopes in lake studies. Discussions focus on water balance studies of lakes, isotopic fractionations during evaporation of water, study of hailstone growth mechanisms by means of isotopic analyses, isotopic effects during growth of individual elements, and models and their hydrological significance. The text then takes a look at environmental isotope and anthropogenic tracers of lake sedimentation; stable isotope geochemistry of travertines; and isotope geochemistry of carbonates in the weathering zone. Topics include isotopic composition of carbonates in the weathering zone; reprecipitation processes in the weathering zone; isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen sources in the weathering zone; and geochemical conditions controlling travertine deposition. The manuscript also reviews radioactive noble gases in the terrestrial environment, isotope effects of nitrogen in the soil and biosphere, and oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of deep basin brines. The selection is a vital source of data for researchers interested in isotope geochemistry.

  • The Expanding Earth

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • S.W. Carey
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 10: The Expanding Earth focuses on the principles, methodologies, transformations, and approaches involved in the expanding earth concept. The book first elaborates on the development of the expanding earth concept, necessity for expansion, and the subduction myth. Discussions focus on higher velocity under Benioff zone, seismic attenuation, blue schists and paired metamorphic belts, dispersion of polygons, arctic paradox, and kinematic contrast. The manuscript then ponders on the scale of tectonic phenomena, non-uniformitarianis... tectonic profiles, and paleomagnetism. Concerns cover global paleomagnetism, general summary of the tectonic profile, implosions, fluid pressures, pure shear, crustal extension, simple shear with horizontal axis, geological examples of scale fields, and length-time fields of deformation. The publication explores the cause of expansion, modes of crustal extension, and rotation and asymmetry of the earth, including dynamic asymmetry, precessions, nutations, librations, and wobbles at fixed obliquity, variation of rate of rotation, and categories of submarine ridges. The text is a dependable source of data for researchers wanting to study the concept of expanding earth.

  • Geosynthetics in Filtration, Drainage and Erosion Control

    • 1st Edition
    • R.M. Koerner
    • English
    Geosynthetics can, and have, played a pivotal role in providing the primary functions of filtration, drainage and erosion control. Within each category this book counterpoints the design, testing and performance of the various materials against one another. The facilitation of filtration by a number of different woven and non–woven geotextiles is discussed. Design is centred around a balance between open voids [for adequate permeability] and closed voids [for proper soil retention]. This balance is compromised by long term clogging or soil loss from either the upstream soil particles or by the nature of the permeating fluid. This is a major focal area of the book.One solution to excessive filter clogging is to open up the geotextile's voids and allow sediments and micro–organisms in the permeating fluid to pass through. The challenge then becomes the design and potential clogging of the drain. The drainage aspect of geosynthetics is the second focal area.Erosion control is closely related to both filtration and drainage. The tremendous design problems, and equally large repair problems on all types of facilities, are addressed. Highway slopes, earth dams, landfill covers and solid waste daily covers are a few common situations.

  • The Fundamental Role of Teletraffic in the Evolution of Telecommunications Networks

    Proceedings of the 14th International Teletraffic Congress - ITC 14, Antibes Juan-les-Pins, France, 6-10 June, 1994
    • 1st Edition
    • J. Labetoulle + 1 more
    • English
    The International Teletraffic Congress (ITC) is a recognized international organization taking part in the work of the International Telecommunications Union. The congress traditionally deals with the development of teletraffic theory and its applications to the design, planning and operation of telecommunication systems, networks and services. The contents of ITC 14 illustrate the important role of teletraffic in the current period of rapid evolution of telecommunication networks. A large number of papers address the teletraffic issues behind developments in broadband communications and ATM technology. The extension of possiblities for user mobility and personal communications together with the generalization of common channnel signalling and the provision of new intelligent network services are further extremely significant developments whose teletraffic implications are explored in a number of contributions. ITC 14 also addresses traditional teletraffic subjects, proposing enhancements to traffic engineering practices for existing circuit and packet switched telecommunications networks and making valuable original contributions to the fundamental mathematical tools on which teletraffic theory is based. The contents of these Proceedings accurately reflect the extremely wide scope of the ITC, extending from basic mathematical theory to day-to-day traffic engineering practices, and constitute the state of the art in 1994 of one of the fundamental telecommunications sciences.

  • Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution

    Model Selection and Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • A. Giorgini + 1 more
    • English
    This volume contains most of the scientific contributions to the workshop ``Prediction of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: Model Selection and Application'' held in Venice, in the historic Ca' Vendramin Calergi, in June, 1984. Other contributions of specialists who were not able to attend the workshop have also been included in an attempt to make the work more complete.It is hoped that this collection will be useful to planners who operate in the field of agricultural diffuse source pollution, since several contributions are state-of-the-art presentations and others are specialized studies by American and European researcher.

  • Advances in Transport Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • A.S. Mujumdar + 1 more
    • English
    The subject matter covered in this volume covers a wide scope. It contains critical reviews in many frontier areas of interest to engineers and applied scientists. Multiphase transport ranging from floc breakage to flow through multiphase media is discussed. Difficult problems of bubble growth and devolatilisation from polymeric melts are treated. The question of solid-liquid phase change with flow is considered and the emerging quantitation of web drying technology through mathematical modeling is covered. Transport phenomena in high-tech materials ranging from zeolite catalysts to liquid crystalline materials are covered and formidable problems of transport of gases in porous media, which have implications in many different technologies, are also addressed. Finally, applications of newer techniques in numerical computation of transport processes are highlighted.These authorative, evaluative and timely reviews of topics of current and potential interest will serve the needs of practising engineers as well as academic and industrial researchers.

  • Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • S. LangÃ¥rd
    • English
    Biological and Environmental Aspects of Chromium focuses on the biological and environmental aspects of chromium and its compounds, with emphasis on the most important aspects of their toxicology and physiology. Topics covered range from the production and occupational exposure of chromium compounds to the presence of chromium in air, soil, and natural waters. The applications of chromium in cell biology and medicine are also discussed. Comprised of 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the toxic and carcinogenic effects of chromium and chromium compounds, followed by a discussion on the production and occupational exposure of chromium compounds. The reader is then introduced to the more common analytical methods used in the determination of chromium in environmental and biological samples. Subsequent chapters explore the nutritional role of chromium; absorption, transport, and excretion of chromium in humans and animals; mutagenic and cytogenetic effects of chromium compounds; and organ toxicity of chromium in animals. The carcinogenic effects of chromium, including its effects on the skin, are also considered. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in the fields of biology, physiology, and chemistry, as well as those with an objective interest in the ways in which chromium and its compounds act in biological materials and in the human environment.

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