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Elsevier

Elsevier Science

  • Silica Glass and Its Application

    • 1st Edition
    • I. Fanderlik
    • English
    In terms of chemical composition, silica glass is the simplest amorphous substance that has been commercially utilized in many fields of application in a number of industrial branches, thanks to its physico-chemical properties.The present volume gives a comprehensive overview on the latest developments in glass technology. The influence of genetic types of raw materials on the choice of melting technology is discussed. Phase transformations of quartz-silica glass and the influence of the impurities of melting furnaces and furnace material is examined. The quartz raw materials suitable for the manufacture of clear, opaque and synthetic silica glasses, various manufacturing processes, the physico-chemical properties of silica glasses and their utilization in technological practice are reviewed in detail.The book provides a wealth of detailed information on the properties and use of silica glass which will be of considerable interest to workers in the glass industry, including those in research and development, as well as to people in the fields of electronics, electrical engineering, communication technology, optics and the chemical, power engineering and metallurgical industries. It will also be a useful information supplement on the properties and applications of silica glass for students in technical schools and universities.

  • Structure and Dynamics of Solutions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 79
    • Hideyuki Ohtaki + 1 more
    • English
    Recent advances in the study of structural and dynamic properties of solutions have provided a molecular picture of solute-solvent interactions. Although the study of thermodynamic as well as electronic properties of solutions have played a role in the development of research on the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions, such macroscopic and microscopic properties are insufficient for a deeper understanding of fast chemical and biological reactions. In order to fill the gap between the two extremes, it is necessary to know how molecules are arranged in solution and how they change their positions in both the short and long range. This book has been designed to meet these criteria.It is possible to develop a sound microscopic picture for reaction dynamics in solution without molecular-level knowledge of how reacting ionic or neutral species are solvated and how rapidly the molecular environment is changing with time. A variety of actual examples is given as to how and when modern molecular approaches can be used to solve specific solution problems. The following tools are discussed: x-ray and neutron diffraction, EXAFS, and XANES, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo computer simulations, Raman, infrared, NMR, fluorescence, and photoelectron emission spectroscopic methods, conductance and viscosity measurements, high pressure techniques, and statistical mechanics methods. Static and dynamic properties of ionic solvation, molecular solvation, ion-pair formation, ligand exchange reactions, and typical organic solvents are useful for bridging the gap between classical thermodynamic studies and modern single-molecule studies in the gas phase.The book will be of interest to solution, physical, inorganic, analytical and structural chemists as well as to chemical kineticists.

  • Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 27
    • B. Skalmierski
    • English
    Since mechanics is the science of motion, studies in this field now cover a wider range of problems than has been the case in earlier classical approaches. This has been achieved by the inclusion of aspects relating to the mechanics of continuous media, or strength problems. The topics covered in this book present a comprehensive treatment of the subject providing a broader perspective to the meaning of mechanics, in the modern sense of the word.Problems in the areas of strength of materials, hydromechanics and theory of elasticity are examined. The author has also endeavoured to show a certain universality of some methods seemingly specific to mechanics by tackling some problems involving electrical or electromechanical systems but based on Lagrange's equations.The book has been designed to emphasize that mechanics is a deductive system, where the aim is not only to present mechanics as the science of motion but also to show that it serves as a bridge between mathematics and its applications, in the broadest sense of the word. Mechanical problems have inspired great mathematicians to come to grips with new mathematical problems, an excellent example here being the problem of the brachistochrone which initiated the development of the variational calculus. The book gives a comprehensive overview on new theoretical findings, and gives many applications which will prove indispensable to all those interested in mechanical and allied problems.

  • Probabilistic and Convex Modelling of Acoustically Excited Structures

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 39
    • I. Elishakoff + 2 more
    • English
    This book summarises the analytical techniques for predicting the response of linear structures to noise excitations generated by large propulsion power plants. Emphasis is placed on beams and plates of both single-span and multi-span configurations, common in engineering structural systems. Since the natural frequencies and the associated normal modes play a central role in the random vibration analysis of a continuous dynamical system, rather detailed discussions are devoted to their determination. Material covered in the first chapter provides a useful reference for the subsequent discussion of multi-span structures. Also included in this volume is a hybrid probabilistic and convex-uncertainty modeling approach in which the upper and lower bounds of the cross-spectral densities of the acoustic excitation are obtained on the basis of measured data. The random vibration of a structure is treated, for the first time, as an "anti-optimization" problem of finding the least favourable value of the mean-square response.

  • Methods in Behavioral Pharmacology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • F. van Haaren
    • English
    Methods in Behavioral Pharmacology is unique in offering a complete description and critical evaluation of most, if not all, methods available to study the effects of drugs on behavior. It stands apart in that it is not limited to the analysis of a particular class of pharmacological agents in a limited number of paradigms. Methods in Behavioral Pharmacology covers all paradigms without reference to specific pharmacological compounds.The book provides a comprehensive overview of the methodology used to study the behavioral effects of legal and illegal drugs. It also provides an in-depth presentation of dependent variables, their quantification and a critical evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. An excellent work, contributed to by well-known experts in the different fields of behavioral pharmacology.

  • Mine Openings: Stability and Support

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 40
    • J. Aldorf + 1 more
    • English
    In this book, the authors present a review of the methods used for the solution of problems of stability and support of mine workings, based on the study and analysis of the validity conditions of individual theoretical computing procedures. The classification of these methods, based on the analysis of factors determining the behaviour of a system of mine openings, should contribute to the greater objectivity of decisions connected with the management and control of mining operations and, from the educational point of view, enable the intricate problems of stability to be better understood. Chapters dealing with support structures and technologies of support review the present state of the art with special reference to problems prevailing in Europe where mining is carried out under continuously deteriorating and less favourable natural conditions.The authors have assembled the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary for those to whom the book is addressed, namely, practising mining engineers and project managers, and students and graduates in mining colleges and schools.

  • Seismic Effects on Structures

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 67
    • E. Juhásová
    • English
    This monograph deals with the problem of dynamic behaviour and seismic response of structures which are designed and constructed in seismic regions. Extensive attention is given to description of measuring methods, methods of evaluation of results and determination of dynamic properties of structures. The questions of linear and non-linear seismic response are solved taking into account the peculiarities of stiffness and damping and the demands of proper seismic design and the protecting of structures against unfavourable seismic effects. There is detailed analysis of torsional sesimic effects on structures with asymmetrical disposition in plan, of the influence of higher axial forces on the seismic response and of the problems of soil-structure interaction. The experimental results are extensively documented, with graphs, tables, photographs and a keyword index.This volume will interest structural engineers, engineers-designers, geophysicists, mechanical and geotechnical engineers. It is intended to serve both readers already acquainted with problems of earthquake engineering and beginners in this field.

  • Phanerozoic Environments, Associations and Deposits

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • English
    This is the most comprehensive, all-embracing, single source of data on metallic deposits and their worldwide distribution. With over 1,750 pages it contains: 594 figures illustrating ore styles and their setting; 113 tables providing concise but highly quantitative data on several thousand locality examples; 4 indexes (general, locality, genetic, metals) enabling rapid and thorough searches; and more than 2,000 references. This vast body of information on metallic ore deposits is arranged by environments in which they presently form or lithologic associations in which they occur. The organization of the book follows the approach employed in regional mineral-potential evaluation and exploration. Long-lasting, objectively observable host units and empirical indicators of ore presence are stressed. The coverage is balanced and truly worldwide, based on original literature consulted in over 30 languages and on the author's personal familiarity with more than 2,000 ore deposits located in 85 countries.The book is a must for practising exploration geologists, petrologists, and economic geologists, as well as for specialists in various other branches of geology (e.g. glacial geologists, carbonate sedimentologists, volcanologists, and geochemists). Teachers and students will find this most complete data sourcebook an ideal supplement to the theory and basic data found in textbooks.

  • Self-diffusion in Electrolyte Solutions

    A Critical Examination of Data Compiled from the Literature
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • R. Mills + 1 more
    • English
    This compilation - the first of its kind - fills a real gap in the field of electrolyte data. Virtually all self-diffusion data in electrolyte solutions as reported in the literature have been examined and the book contains over 400 tables covering diffusion in binary and ternary aqueous solutions, in mixed solvents, and of non-electrolytes in various solvents.An important feature of the compilation is that all data have been critically examined and their accuracy assessed. Other features are an introductory chapter in which the methods of measurement are reviewed; appendices containing tables of the limiting self-diffusion coefficients of ions; and a list of references to data which have been omitted but where information about the diffusing system is given.This is the only complete compilation of self-diffusion data in electrolyte solutions. It will appeal to electrochemists in general, particularly now that recent developments in the theory of transport processes require these data. It will also have a special appeal to electroanalytical chemists in that the ionic self-diffusion coefficient is an important quantity for the interpretation of electrode reactions. In addition, the book will interest geochemists and environmental chemists because the migration of radioactive ions from nuclear waste in certain aqueous media will be governed by the tracer-diffusion coefficient.

  • Manufacture and Refining of Raw Cane Sugar

    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 2
    • V.E. Baikow
    • English
    Sugar Series, Vol. 2: Manufacture and Refining of Raw Cane Sugar focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches involved in the manufacture and refining of raw cane sugar. The selection first offers information on sugar cane, harvesting and transportation to the factory, washing, disposal of wash-water and cleaning the juices, and extraction of juice. Discussions focus on disposal of bagasse, screw presses, cane carriers, juice cleaning, waste-water disposal, washing, cane weighing in field and factory, transportation, and sugar-producing plants. The manuscript then examines the sugar cane diffusion process, weighing, clarification, and liming of cane juice, filtration of mud from clarifiers, evaporation, and vacuum pans. The book ponders on boiling of raw sugar massecuites, crystallization by cooling and motion of low-grade massecuites and the exhaustion of final molasses, centrifugals and purging of massecuites, storing and shipping bulk sugar, and final molasses. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers wanting to study the manufacture and refining of raw cane sugar.

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