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Elsevier Science

Advances in Synthetic Metals
Twenty Years of Progress in Science and Technology
1st Edition
P. Bernier + 2 more
English
This edited work contains eight extensive, review-type contributions by leading scientists in the field of synthetic metals. The authors were invited by the organisers of the International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals '98 (ICSM'98) to review the progress of research in the past two decades in a unifying and pedagogical manner. The present work highlights the state-of-the-art of the field and assesses the prospects for future research.
Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects III
1st Edition
W.R. Chappell + 2 more
English
The Society of Environmental Geochemistry and Health (SEGH) Third International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects was held from July 12-15, 1998 in San Diego, California. Several outstanding papers and posters generated lively discussion and debate not only about scientific issues but also about policy and regulatory issues. While developed countries are considering spending perhaps billions of dollars per year to reach concentrations of 10 micrograms per liter or less, countries like Bangladesh, India and China are trying to deal with much more severe, epidemic scale, arsenic problems with millions of dollars or less.Like its predecessors in 1994 and 1995, The Third SEGH International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects (1998) continued the theme of global impact of arsenic. In addition, two new countries with significant arsenic problems, Inner Mongolia and Bangladesh, were represented. The Bangladesh problem could be larger than the one in West Bengal with a possible two-thirds of the population at risk. The conference also featured a session on mechanisms of cancer carcinogenesis. Several scientists presented their work on this important issue which is central to considerations of such questions as the shape of the dose-response curve at low doses. This latter issue was featured in the final session of the conference. Another session that was new and of great interest was on the treatment of victims of chronic arsenic poisoning.This was the most dynamic conference to date and this resulting monograph represents the state-of-the-art in arsenic research on a worldwide basis. It will contribute to the solution of the many problems caused by arsenic exposure throughout the world.
Marine Ecologonomics
The Ecology and Economics of Marine Natural Resources Management
1st Edition
Volume 6
A.V. Souvorov
English
This book outlines a framework for analysis of marine resource management incorporating ecological and economic considerations and technological feasibility. Ecologonomics - a new emerging science combining economic and ecological concepts and principles - is introduced. Its use in studying changes in natural processes occurring in the marine environment in combination with analysing economic consequences of human impact on marine ecosystems is demonstrated. A unique book, which offers a rare insight into the research achievements of Russian scientists.
Quantum Dots
A Survey of the Properties of Artificial Atoms
1st Edition
T. Chakraborty
English
This book deals with the electronic and optical properties of two low-dimensional systems: quantum dots and quantum antidots and is divided into two parts. Part one is a self-contained monograph which describes in detail the theoretical and experimental background for exploration of electronic states of the quantum-confined systems. Starting from the single-electron picture of the system, the book describes various experimental methods that provide important information on these systems. Concentrating on many-electron systems, theoretical developments are described in detail and their experimental consequences are also discussed. The field has witnessed an almost explosive growth and some of the future directions of explorations are highlighted towards the end of the monograph. The subject matter is dealt with in such a way that it is both accessible to beginners and useful for expert researchers as a comprehensive review of most of the developments in the field.Furthermore the book contains 37 reprinted articles which have been selected to provide a first-hand picture of the overall developments in the field. The early papers have been arranged to portray the developments chronologically, and the more recent papers provide an overview of future direction in the research.
Equilibrium Structural Parameters
1st Edition
Volume 24
English
The current volume in the series, Vibrational Spectra and Structure, is a single topic volume on gas phase structural parameters. The title of the volume, Equilibrium Structural Parameters, covers the two most common techniques for obtaining gas phase structural parameters: microwave spectroscopy and the electron diffraction technique. Since the quantum chemical method provides equilibrium geometries, the volume is an attempt to provide a connection between the experimental and theoretical parameters.The book provides a review on molecular structure determinations from spectroscopic data using scaled moments of inertia. The limited number of molecules for which equilibrium parameters have been obtained and the requirement of a large number of microwave data needed to obtain the equilibrium structural parameters is noted. Electron diffraction technique is reviewed, along with a description of how this can incorporate structural information from microwave spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, or theoretical calculations to improve the determination of the structural parameters by electron diffraction studies. Also discussed are the theory and methods of microwave spectroscopy, describing in some detail ro and rs structures as well as rm structures and corrections based on ab initio calculations. The accuracy of the molecular geometry predictions by quantum chemical methods is considered in some detail with data presented in graphic rather than tabular form. This makes it possible to readily note the difference in the parameters predicted at the various levels of quantum mechanical calculations. The four authors have provided a coherent description of the various structural parameters obtained experimentally along with treatments needed to extract equilibrium bond distances and angles.
Aspects of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geology
1st Edition
E. Savazzi + 1 more
English
The book presents multivariate statistical methods useful in geological analysis. The essential distinction between multivariate analysis as applied to full-space data (measurements on lengths, heights, breadths etc.) and compositional data is emphasized with particular reference to geochemical data. Each of the methods is accompanied by a practically oriented computer program and backed up by appropriate examples. The computer programs are provided on a compact disk together with trial data-sets and examples of the output.An important feature of this book is the graphical system developed by Dr. Savazzi which is entitled Graph Server. Geological data often deviate from ideal statistical requirements. For this reason, close attention has been paid to the analysis of data that contain atypical observations.
Phagocytosis: The Host
1st Edition
Volume 5
S. Gordon
English
An accompanying volume (Volume 6) in this series presents strategies of cellular invasion from the viewpoint of the microbe.This filed of study is growing rapidly after a somewhat slow start over recent decades. This collection of invited chapters attempts to reflect current research, and brings together cell biologists, microbiologists and immunologists with disparate interests. However, there is a certain unity, even repetition of key themes, hopefully like a symphony rather than a boring catalogue. It will be evident that editorial bias favors intracellular paratism and medically important organisms. The neutrophil is far more than a supporting player to the macrophage, and some attempt is made to remind the reader of some of its unique skills. To retain a manageable size, the emphasis is on relatively early events such as mutual recognition, cell entry, and response, rather than on longterm changes in gene expression by either host cell or pathogen. Viruses are excluded not because of lack of importance but because of somewhat different research approaches, although it is cytogenes, share common strategies in invasion and intercellular spread.
Advances in Antiviral Drug Design
1st Edition
Volume 3
E. De Clercq
English
Volume 3 of Advances in Antiviral Drug Design is keeping up with the recent progress made in the field of antiviral drug research and highlights five specific directions that have opened new avenues for the treatment of virus infections. First, the use of lamivudine (3TC) for the treatment of HIV infections, and its more recent introduction for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, has heralded the transition of D- to L-nucleosides in the antiviral nucleoside drug design, and it is likely that the future will provide more nucleosides of the L-configuration, such as (-)FFC (emtricitabine) and L-FMAU, as will be described by J.-C.G. Graciet and R.F. Shinazi. Second, the acyclic purine nucleoside phosphonates, i.e. PMEA (adefovir and PMPA (tenofovir), offer great potential as both anti-HIV and anti-HBV agents, and both compounds have been the subject of advanced clinical trials in their oral produrg form (adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir disoproxyl), as mentioned by M.N. Arimilli, J.P. Dougherty, K.C. Cundy, and N. Bischofberger.Third, with the advent of nevirapine, delavirdine, and efavirenz, the NNRTIs have definitely come of age. Emivirine (MKC-442), a derivative of the original HEPT analog that was described in 1989 has now proceeded through pivotal clinical studies, and how this class of compounds evolved is presented in the account of H. Tanaka and his colleagues. Fourth, at the end of 1999, anticipating on the next winter influenza offensive, we should have at end two compounds that specifically inhibit influenza A and B virus infections: zanamivir (by the intranasal route) and oseltamivir (by the oral route). Both compounds have proved effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A and B virus infections and act through the same mechanism; that is by blocking the viral neuraminidase (or sialidase), a key enzyme that allows the virus to spread from one cell to another (within the respiratory mucosal tract). The design of these sialidase inhibitors will be presented by M. von Itzstein and J.C. Dyason.Fifth, the discovery (in 1996) of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 as essential coreceptors (in addition to the CD4 receptor) for HIV entry into the cells, has boosted an enormous interest in potential antagonists of these receptors. The bicyclams represent the first low-molecular-weight compounds targeted at CXCR4, the coreceptor used by the more pathogenic, T-lymphotropic, HIV strains, to enter the cells. They will be addressed by G.J. Bridger and R.T. Skerlj.The five topics covered in this third volume of Advances in Antiviral Drug Design are in the front line of the present endeavors towards the chemotherapy of virus infections. They pertain to the combat against three of the most important virus infections of current times: HIV, HBV, and influenza virus.
Marine Bioprocess Engineering
1st Edition
Volume 35
J.G. Burgess + 2 more
J. Tramper
English
This book contains full papers of both oral and poster presentations of the international symposium 'Marine Bioprocess Engineering' which was held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 1998. The symposium focused on the bioprocessing of marine natural products.Bioprocess engineering has been the key to success in the commercialization of biotechnology, especially with respect to biopharmaceuticals. In marine biotechnology, both new and existing biotechnological techniques are developed an applied to organisms from marine sources. For marine biotechnology, bioprocess engineering represents the link between discovery and commercialization.Th... diversity of marine life points to a myriad of new bioproducts waiting to be discovered and developed commercially.The volume begins to bridge the gap between the isolation of products from marine organisms in the laboratory and industrial applications by focusing on the bioprocess-engineeri... aspects. Reviews and recent developments in product discovery, bio-energy production, cultivation of marine organisms, scale up and product recovery are presented.This publication should ensure that the engineering aspects of marine biotechnology will receive further attention in the future. Exploration of new bioproducts from the ocean should be followed up by a sustainable exploitation of these valuable resources.
Synthetic Peptides as Antigens
1st Edition
Volume 28
S. Muller + 1 more
English
This newest edition to the Laboratory Techniques Series gives current state of the art use of synthetic peptides in molecular biology and practical protocols on how to conjugate peptides, immunize animals with peptides and monitor immune responses to peptides in vitro. It gives background information on antigenic specificity, prediction of antigenic sites in proteins and applications of peptides in immunology and virology, as probes in diagnosis and as vaccines. The book also describes antigenicity of proteins and methods to localize antigenic sites as well as methods for predicting epitoxes, and gives detailed protocols for peptide-carrier conjugation, immunization with peptides, and peptide immunoassays. The volume also describes typical use of antipeptide antibodies in molecular and cellular biology as well as the use of peptides in the diagnosis of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, and the use of peptides as potential synthetic vaccines. An excellent edition to an excellent series, available in hardbound and paperback.

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