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Elsevier Science

Analysis and Fate of Surfactants in the Aquatic Environment
1st Edition
Volume 40
Thomas P. Knepper + 2 more
English
An understanding of the fate and behaviour of organic chemicals, such as surfactants, in the environment is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of human health and ecosystems. As surfactants are being produced in huge amounts, it is important to have a detailed knowledge about their lifetime in the environment, their biodegradability in wastewater treatment plants and in natural waters, and their ecotoxicity. Parameters relevant for the assessment of long-term behaviour, such as interactions with hormonal systems need to be understood to avoid unexpected adverse effects to future generations of people and the environment. However, the identification and quantification of commercial surfactants in the environment is made more complicated and cumbersome because they comprise of tens to hundreds of homologues, oligomers and isomers of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric compounds.The EU-funded PRISTINE project (Priority surfactants and their toxic metabolites in wastewater effluents: An integrated study; ENV4-CT97-0494) provides the basis for the content of this title. It provides policy makers and industry with detailed information on analysis and concentrations of surfactants and their degradation products in the environment.In addition to a general introduction to surfactants, this book comprises a comprehensive variety of analytical techniques, including sample handling, for the analysis of surfactants in the aquatic environment. Readers will find all the necessary information for analyzing the different groups of surfactants, with special emphasis on transformation products. Quality assurance is also reported on in detail. Chapters on toxicity and risk assessment are also included and give a complete perspective on the surfactants problem in the aquatic environment.
Free Electron Lasers 2002
Proceedings of the 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference and the 9th FEL Users Workshop, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A., September 9-13, 2002
1st Edition
K.-J. Kim + 2 more
English
This book contains the Proceedings of the 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference and the 9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop, which were held on September 9-13, 2002 at Argonne National Laboratory. Part I has been reprinted from Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 507 (2003), Nos. 1-2.
National Reforms in European Gas
1st Edition
M. Arentsen + 1 more
English
Focussing on the change and development of national gas markets in Europe, this book provides an overview, analysis and comparison of recent dynamics in several national gas markets, at a time of very rapid change within this industry. This overview provides a better understanding of current events and future evolution in the European gas business.What can be expected at the European level given the recent trends and dynamics in national gas markets in Europe? How did countries respond to the EU gas directive and why? What are the important barriers to a harmonised European gas market from the perspective of national developments? This book tackles these and related questions.Written by experts across the field of energy policy and reform, this publication will be an invaluable resource for social scientists studying the ongoing reform process in energy markets as well as industry analysts, consultants, policy makers and utility companies worldwide.
Transport Mediated by Electrified Interfaces
Studies in the Linear, Non-linear and far from Equilibrium Regimes
1st Edition
Volume 18
English
Transport Mediated by Electrified Interfaces provides an overview of the innovative use of electro-kinetic phenomena in experimentally exploring non-equilibrium regions of chemically non-reacting systems. Transport phenomena mediated by charged liquid-liquid interfaces and solid-liquid interfaces are also covered. Transport phenomena mediated by electrified interfaces are discussed in the context of a number of important areas, including, soil/water systems, phase transfer catalysis, animal/plant physiology and mimicking taste/smell sensing mechanisms.
The Immune-Neuroendocrine Circuitry
History and Progress
1st Edition
Volume 3
I. Berczi + 1 more
English
The book summarises the current understanding of the Nervous -, Endocrine and Immune systems with emphasis on shared mediators and receptors and functional interaction. In addition to the fundamental physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms, which are presented in detail, some clinically relevant subjects are also presented, such as inflammation, asthma and allergy, autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency and the acute phase response. • A comprehensive presentation of neuroimmune biology• Introduces the subject matter to the uninformed reader• Contains basic information, theoretical considerations and up-to-date clinical chapters• The clinical chapters will be helpful to practising physicians
Viral Gastroenteritis
1st Edition
Volume 9
U. Desselberger + 1 more
English
Viruses are increasingly recognised as the cause of acute gastroenteritis in man, particularly in children. This book provides overviews and updates on current issues relating to basic research, clinical diagnosis, immunology, epidemiology, treatment and prevention of infections with gastroenteritis viruses.Data are presented and interpreted by leading research groups in 33 chapters spread over 6 sections. The book will be of interest to virologists, gut physiologists, immunologists, epidemiologists, vaccinologists, paediatricians and physicians (infectious diseases), and public health physicians. It will also capture the interests of medical and natural science students and postdoctoral scientists at various levels of their careers.
2001. A Clay Odyssey
1st Edition
E. Domínguez + 2 more
English
The meeting was organized by a local university committee and 205 delegates from 35 countries took part. European participation was low due to the economic crisis experienced by national air lines. During the conference, the AIPEA medals were awarded to Gerhard Lagaly and Tom Pinnavaia.This volume of the Conference Proceedings contains 85 out of a total of 235 oral presentations and posters presented at the following symposia: Teaching Clay Mineralogy, Clays in Hydrothermal Deposits, Clays in Ceramics, Clays in Petroleum Exploration and Production, Clay Barriers, and Waste Management, as well as in the following general sessions of the Conference: Clays in Geology, Clay Minerals and Environment, Soil Mineralogy, Methods, Crystal Chemistry Structure and Synthesis, and Clays in Industry.
Marine Structural Design
1st Edition
Yong Bai
English
This new reference describes the applications of modern structural engineering to marine structures. It will provide an invaluable resource to practicing marine and offshore engineers working in oil and gas as well as those studying marine structural design. The coverage of fatigue and fracture criteria forms a basis for limit-state design and re-assessment of existing structures and assists with determining material and inspection requirements. Describing applications of risk assessment to marine and offshore industries, this is a practical and useful book to help engineers conduct structural design.
Seismic Waves and Rays in Elastic Media
1st Edition
Volume 34
M.A. Slawinski
English
This book seeks to explore seismic phenomena in elastic media and emphasizes the interdependence of mathematical formulation and physical meaning. The purpose of this title - which is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students as well as scientists interested in quantitative seismology - is to use aspects of continuum mechanics, wave theory and ray theory to describe phenomena resulting from the propagation of waves.The book is divided into three parts: Elastic continua, Waves and rays, and Variational formulation of rays. In Part I, continuum mechanics are used to describe the material through which seismic waves propagate, and to formulate a system of equations to study the behaviour of such material. In Part II, these equations are used to identify the types of body waves propagating in elastic continua as well as to express their velocities and displacements in terms of the properties of these continua. To solve the equations of motion in anisotropic inhomogeneous continua, the high-frequency approximation is used and establishes the concept of a ray. In Part III, it is shown that in elastic continua a ray is tantamount to a trajectory along which a seismic signal propagates in accordance with the variational principle of stationary travel time.
Dynamic Model Development: Methods, Theory and Applications
1st Edition
Volume 16
S. Macchietto
English
Detailed mathematical models are increasingly being used by companies to gain competitive advantage through such applications as model-based process design, control and optimization. Thus, building various types of high quality models for processing systems has become a key activity in Process Engineering. This activity involves the use of several methods and techniques including model solution techniques, nonlinear systems identification, model verification and validation, and optimal design of experiments just to name a few. In turn, several issues and open-ended problems arise within these methods, including, for instance, use of higher-order information in establishing parameter estimates, establishing metrics for model credibility, and extending experiment design to the dynamic situation. The material covered in this book is aimed at allowing easier development and full use of detailed and high fidelity models. Potential applications of these techniques in all engineering disciplines are abundant, including applications in chemical kinetics and reaction mechanism elucidation, polymer reaction engineering, and physical properties estimation. On the academic side, the book will serve to generate research ideas.

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