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Elsevier

Elsevier Science

  • Geology and Geochemistry of Oil and Gas

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 52
    • L. Buryakovsky + 3 more
    • English
    This book discusses the progress that is being made through innovations in instrumental measurements of geologic and geochemical systems and their study using modern mathematical modeling. It covers the systems approach to understanding sedimentary rocks and their role in evolution and containment of subsurface fluids. Fundamental aspects of petroleum geology and geochemistry, generation, migration, accumulation, evaluation and production of hydrocarbons are discussed with worldwide examples. Various physical and chemical properties of subsurface waters, crude oils and natural gases are described which is especially important to production engineering. Among various properties of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons the most important are wettability affecting production characteristics and ultimate recovery: relative permeability affecting reservoir fluid flow to the production wells; density differences between immiscible fluids which affects gravity drainage; viscosity of subsurface fluids affecting the relative mobility of each fluid; and fluid chemistry, which affects the absorption, ultimate recovery and monetary value of produced hydrocarbons. Discussion of the formation and accumulation of hydrocarbons includes (1) the changes in the chemical composition of hydrocarbons that originate from the debris of living plants and organisms to form crude oil and natural gas; (2) the origin of hydrocarbons in different areas of a single reservoir; (3) the conditions, which determine the distribution of water, oil and gas in the reservoir; (4) the migration of subsurface fluids until they eventually accumulate in isolated traps; (5) discussion of the traps as a function of sedimentary geology and tectonics. This is based on the systems approach to the specific geologic and geochemical systems using analytical and statistical principles and examples of modern mathematical modeling of static and dynamic systems.

  • Theory and Applications of Computational Chemistry

    The First Forty Years
    • 1st Edition
    • Clifford Dykstra + 3 more
    • English
    Computational chemistry is a means of applying theoretical ideas using computers and a set of techniques for investigating chemical problems within which common questions vary from molecular geometry to the physical properties of substances. Theory and Applications of Computational Chemistry: The First Forty Years is a collection of articles on the emergence of computational chemistry. It shows the enormous breadth of theoretical and computational chemistry today and establishes how theory and computation have become increasingly linked as methodologies and technologies have advanced. Written by the pioneers in the field, the book presents historical perspectives and insights into the subject, and addresses new and current methods, as well as problems and applications in theoretical and computational chemistry. Easy to read and packed with personal insights, technical and classical information, this book provides the perfect introduction for graduate students beginning research in this area. It also provides very readable and useful reviews for theoretical chemists.

  • Autonomic Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 152
    • Lynne C. Weaver + 1 more
    • English
    Autonomic dysfunction is a major and poorly understood consequence of spinal cord injury. It is a cause of very serious disability and requires much more research. It should be a focus of treatment strategies. This book will be of interest to anyone involved in research and treatment of spinal cord injury since it helps to explain the tremendously negative impact on the body caused by cord injury that is not as obvious as paralysis and loss of sensation. It contains a compilation of what is known about bladder, cardiovascular, bowel and sexual dysfunction after spinal cord injury, as it relates to the changes within the autonomic nervous system control of these functions.The book begins with a description of the time course of autonomic dysfunctions and their ramifications from the first hours after a spinal cord injury to the more stable chronic states. The next section contains three chapters that address anatomical findings that may provide some of the foundation for autonomic dysfunctions in many of the systems. The system-specific chapters then follow in four sections. Each section begins with a chapter or two defining the clinical problems experienced by people with cord injury. The following chapters present research, basic and clinical, that address the autonomic dysfunctions.

  • Measurement of the Thermodynamic Properties of Multiple Phases

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • Ron D. D. Weir + 1 more
    • English
    This volume is another in the series of IUPAC sponsored monographs that summarize the state of knowledge with respect to experimental techniques in thermochemistry and thermodynamics. Following volume VI, Measurement of Thermodynamic Properties of Single Phases, VI, this book contains descriptions of recent developments in the techniques for measurement of thermodynamic quantities for multiple phases of pure fluids as well mixtures over a wide range of conditions. The precision and accuracy of results obtained from each method was regarded as an essential element in each description. Throughout the text, the quantities, units and symbols are those defined by IUPAC for use in the international community. Measurement of Thermodynamic Properties of Multiple Phases, Volume VII is an invaluable reference source to researchers and graduate students.

  • Damped Wave Transport and Relaxation

    • 1st Edition
    • Kal Renganathan Sharma
    • English
    Transient problems in transport phenomena have a variety of applications, ranging from drug delivery systems in chemotherapy in bioengineering to heat transfer to surfaces in fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boilers in mechanical engineering. However, the attention given to transient problems is disproportionate with its occurrence in the industry. Damped Wave Transport and Relaxation looks at transient problems in heat, mass and momentum transfer: including non-Fourier effects of conduction and relaxation; non-Fick effects of mass diffusion and relaxation; and non-Newtonian effects of viscous momentum transfer and relaxation. The author also reviews applications to current problems of interest and uses worked examples and illustrations to describe the manifestations of using generalized transport equations. This book is intended for graduate students in transport phenomena and is an ideal reference source for industrial engineers.

  • Hydrodemolition of Concrete Surfaces and Reinforced Concrete

    • 1st Edition
    • Andreas Momber
    • English
    Industrial manufacturers are increasingly using very high pressure water jets for the cleaning and breaking up of materials. Until recently, the demolition of reinforced concrete has been a long and difficult process, but developments in the design and use of high pressure water jets have made this a cleaner and faster process with many other applications in civil, construction and environmental engineering. Andreas Momber, a well known expert in water jet and abrasive water jet cutting technology has produced a unique and comprehensive book dealing with the fundamentals of the hydrodemolition process. Coverage includes equipment, processes, surface quality aspects, demolition with abrasive water jets, pulsed liquid jets, alternative applications and safety aspects. This book will help you to…•Understand the hydrodemolition process and its rewards, enabling you to achieve a cleaner, faster process in the demolition of concrete surfaces and reinforced concrete. •Learn when and where hydrodemolition can be used •Understand the costs, advantages and safety aspects involved•Apply the technique to new applications in your industry such as cleaning and waste management•Purchase the appropriate equipment, cutting time and maintenance costs

  • Reaction-Diffusion Computers

    • 1st Edition
    • Andrew Adamatzky + 2 more
    • English
    The book introduces a hot topic of novel and emerging computing paradigms and architectures -computation by travelling waves in reaction-diffusion media. A reaction-diffusion computer is a massively parallel computing device, where the micro-volumes of the chemical medium act as elementary few-bit processors, and chemical species diffuse and react in parallel. In the reaction-diffusion computer both the data and the results of the computation are encoded as concentration profiles of the reagents, or local disturbances of concentrations, whilst the computation per se is performed via the spreading and interaction of waves caused by the local disturbances. The monograph brings together results of a decade-long study into designing experimental and simulated prototypes of reaction-diffusion computing devices for image processing, path planning, robot navigation, computational geometry, logics and artificial intelligence. The book is unique because it gives a comprehensive presentation of the theoretical and experimental foundations, and cutting-edge computation techniques, chemical laboratory experimental setups and hardware implementation technology employed in the development of novel nature-inspired computing devices.Key Features:- Non-classical and fresh approach to theory of computation.- In depth exploration of novel and emerging paradigms of nature-inspired computing.- Simple to understand cellular-automata models will help readers/students to design their own computational experiments to advance ideas and concepts described in the book .- Detailed description of receipts and experimental setups of chemical laboratory reaction-diffusion processors will make the book an invaluable resource in practical studies of non-classical and nature-inspired computing architectures .- Step by step explanations of VLSI reaction-diffusion circuits will help students to design their own types of wave-based processors.

  • Catalytic Kinetics

    • 1st Edition
    • Dmitry Yu Murzin + 1 more
    • English
    Chemistry and chemical technology have been at the heart of the revolutionary developments of the 20th century. The chemical industry has a long history of combining theory (science) and practice (engineering) to create new and useful products. Worldwide, the process industry (which includes chemicals, petrochemicals, petroleum refining, and pharmaceuticals) is a huge, complex, and interconnected global business with an annual production value exceeding 4 trillion dollars. Although in industry special focus is in heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous, enzymatic, photochemical and electrochemical catalysis should not be overlooked; as the major aim is to produce certain chemicals in the best possible way, applying those types of catalysis, which suit a particular process in the most optimal way. Catalysis according to the very definition of it deals with enhancement of reaction rates, that is, with catalytic kinetics. This book unifies the main sub disciplines forming the cornerstone of catalytic kinetics.

  • A Mathematical Treatment of Economic Cooperation and Competition Among Nations, with Nigeria, USA, UK, China, and the Middle East Examples

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 203
    • Ethelbert N. Chukwu
    • English
    The book presents a careful mathematical study of Economic Cooperation and Competition among Nations. It appropriates the principles of Supply and Demand and of Rational Expectations to build the dynamic model of the Gross Domestic Products of two groups of nations which are linked up together. The first group consists of Nigeria, the US, the UK and China. The second group is made up of Egypt, the US, Jordan and Israel. The link connecting the four nations of each group is mirrored in the net export function which is broadened to include trade, debts and the inflow or the outflow of wealth from the competing and cooperating nations. This realistic models of the four interacting GDP's, a hereditary differential game of pursuit are validated with historical data from International Financial Statistic Year Book. The Mathematical model is then studied for controllability: from a current initial GDPs a better state can be attained using government and private strategies which are carefully identified. We use regression and differential equation methods to test whether the four countries are competing or cooperating. The consequences of competition or cooperation are explored. Cooperation can be realized and the growth of wealth assured because the system is controllable and we can increase the growth of GDP and then increase the coefficient of cooperation. The outcome may be unbounded growth of wealth for all concerned – the triumph of cooperation. With analogous simple examples the book shows that sufficiently cooperating systems grow unbounded and competing ones are either bounded at best, or become extinct in finite time. If competition is small, i.e., limited, or regulated the GDP's need not be extinct even after a long time. This results are in contrast with popular opinion which advocate competition over cooperation. The detailed policy implication of the cooperation analysis at one time or the other were advocated by Pope John Paul II, President Clinton and President Bush. The mathematical message is clear: the strategy of cooperation is the best way in an Interconnected World: Cooperation triumphs over competition. The same type of analysis allows the book to argue through modeling that prosperity, internal peace and harmony can flourish in Nigeria among the old three regions and the newer six geopolitical regions. The same is true for the four powerful states in the Middle East.Thus the author’s refreshing approach is the "scientific" treatment of cooperation and competition models of the gross-domestic product of two groups of nations – Nigeria, the USA, the UK, and China, and the USA, Egypt, Jordan and Israel. Attempts are made to provide "scientific" answers to broad national policies. It allows predictions of growth to be made with some degree of accuracy for up to 4 years. MATLAB and Maple programs in accompanied CD are provided. The author's individual nations economic models are cited. The dynamics are ordinary and hereditary games of pursuit also cited from the original earlier writings of the author are models of the economic state of each nation – a vector of six things – the gross domestic product (GDP) (y), interest rate R; employment (or unemployment) (L), value of capital stock (k), prices p(t), and therefore inflation and cumulative balance of payment (E). Each economic state is isolated except the impact of export function on aggregate demand.The main difference between this earlier contributions and this book is the link and its apparent policy implications and consequences.Key features:* Study of Cooperation and Competition among Nations with real life examples from the World Bank, the IMF data of Nigeria, the US; the UK, China, Egypt, Jordan and Israel.* Complete MATLAB or MAPLE program with data output and graphs, and possible realistic prediction of economic growth.* Including a comprehensive CD presenting each program in an easy and accessible way.* Realistic Model – comparison of real data and diagram of output. Duplicatable results.* With the CD and IMF data and generic programs, other groups of nations' economies can be studied as well as the economy of all UN members as a group.

  • Accounting, the Social and the Political

    Classics, Contemporary and Beyond
    • 1st Edition
    • Norman B. Macintosh + 1 more
    • English
    This book contains 35 carefully selected and abridged versions of scholarly financial and managerial research articles by world-class researchers ranging across a wide spectrum of the social, political and philosophical sides of financial and managerial accounting information and practices to focus on accounting's wider role and impact on organizations and society at large.While each article was substantially culled in order to highlight its central findings and its unique approach, care was exercised to maintain the integrity of the authors' work. The result is a collection of readily accessible research including: classics and seminal articles, a selection of more contemporary articles, and recent articles that go beyond the conventional. Thus, the book pushes the boundaries beyond that of conventional accounting thought and research.This anthology will be of interest especially to graduate students since it provides a broad sampling of influential research studies presented in a highly accessible format. It should also be of vital interest to sophisticated practitioners who are concerned about the current state of the accounting world in the wake of the recent cascade of so-called "accounting scandals". The hope also is to help bridge the gap between the practitioners' and the scholarly researchers' Worlds.

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