Social sciences and humanities print books and ebooks | Elsevier

The Ecology of Social Behavior

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
C. N. Slobodchikoff
English
Paperback
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eBook
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The Ecology of Social Behavior explores the relationships between ecology and the origins and maintenance of social behavior. The chapters in this book suggest that a consideration of ecological factors is necessary to any paradigm that tries to explain the origins and maintenance of social behavior. Most also suggest that there are some trade-offs between ecology, genetics, and phylogeny in the development and persistence of specific social systems. The book is organized into five parts. Part I provides an overview of the main themes covered in the present volume. Part II contains papers on ecological interactions, including variation in group sizes of forest primates, group foraging, and the origin of monogamy in mammals and fishes. Part III examines the ecology of social mammals. These include the ecological conditions for philopatry and the relationship of habitat variability to sociality in yellow-bellied marmots. Part IV focuses on the ecology of social birds while Part V deals with the ecology of social arthropods.

Cooperation

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Gerald Marwell + 1 more
English
Paperback
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Cooperation: An Experimental Analysis presents the results of an experimental analysis that sought to identify the factors that inhibit, maintain, or promote cooperation. Two of these factors are given particular attention: inequity and interpersonal risk between potential cooperators. Using a molar approach, the book applies some of the key methodological and theoretical insights of behavioral analysis to a group response that reflects the main conceptual characteristics of cooperation. The extent to which this behavioral response could be controlled by relevant environmental contingencies is also examined. Comprised of nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the concept of cooperation and the measurement and experimental design used in the study. It then summarizes the results of the first experiments that focus on the link between inequity and cooperation, followed by a discussion on the effect of interpersonal risk on cooperation. Subsequent chapters focus on the role of protection and communication in promoting cooperation despite the presence of risk; the effects of the relationships between partners on the likelihood of cooperating under risk; and how a strategy of "pacifism" could facilitate cooperation. The final chapter summarizes the results of the experiments. This monograph will be of interest to social psychologists and sociologists.

Progress in Behavior Modification

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Michel Hersen + 2 more
English
Hardback
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Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 6, is a multidisciplinary serial publication that encompasses the contributions of psychology, psychiatry, social work, speech therapy, education, and rehabilitation. This serial aims to meet the need for a review publication that undertakes to present yearly in-depth evaluations that include a scholarly examination of theoretical underpinnings, a careful survey of research findings, and a comparative analysis of existing techniques and methodologies. The discussions center on a wide spectrum of child and adult disorders. The book opens with a chapter on the various behavioral procedures for treating insomnia. This is followed by separate chapters on behavioral analysis and formulation of the problem of stuttering; the assessment and treatment of enuresis and encopresis in children; and the development of behavior modification in Latin America. Subsequent chapters deal with the analysis of behavior modification from the point of view of its social identity; the conceptual and clinical literature resulting from the broader emphasis in behavior modification; and the relationship between therapist and client.

Growth Centres in Spatial Planning

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Malcolm J. Moseley
English
Paperback
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Growth Centres in Spatial Planning examines the role of growth centers in spatial planning in terms of achieving the intended objectives. Intended objectives include improving a region's potential for adopting innovations, a saving in public investment on infrastructure, a more efficient pattern of service provision, a dissemination of growth impulses throughout the problem region, and the interception of would-be migrants from the region. More specifically, this book analyzes the extent to which growth-center policies are likely to attain these objectives and how such policies might be modified accordingly. This text consists of eight chapters and begins with an appraisal of growth-center theory and growth-center policy, along with the fundamental issues that are involved in putting such policies into practice. This is followed by a discussion on regional policies with a clear growth-center element in Scotland, Ireland, and France. The reader is then introduced to the link between urban centers and the diffusion of innovations; the degree to which the spatial concentration of investment is desirable in order to achieve the most economic pattern of service provision; and the role of spatial agglomeration in stimulating economic growth. The spatial impact of growth centers and the role of growth centers in generating, intercepting, and attracting migrants are also considered. This text concludes with a chapter that proposes some policy guidelines and directions for research. This book will be of interest to planners and policymakers involved in urban planning and regional development more generally.

Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
John Billingham + 1 more
English
Hardback
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Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence is devoted to the concepts and studies related to the science, technology, and observational techniques of communication with extraterrestrial intelligence (CETI). Topics covered range from the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) to the theory of interstellar communication; the problem of the origin of life; radio signals from extraterrestrial civilizations; and interstellar communication by neutrino beams. An infinitely expandable space radiotelescope is also described. This book is comprised of 21 chapters and opens with a discussion on the CETI activities of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) from 1965 to 1976 and describes the outlook for the IAA CETI Standing Committee. The following chapters sketch the background and rationale for a SETI program; the significance of the detection of signals and of information that may be contained in signals from extraterrestrial civilizations; an extended Drake's equation, the longevity-separation relation, equilibrium, inhomogeneities, and chain formation; and the physical and psychological basis for the belief that a band of frequencies called the water hole is a prime band for SETI. This monograph will appeal to practitioners in the fields of astrophysics, astronomy, planetary formation, exobiology, and biological evolution.

Home Environment and Early Cognitive Development

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Allen W. Gottfried
English
Hardback
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Home Environment and Early Cognitive Development: Longitudinal Research presents the results of longitudinal studies in Canada and the United States that looked into the relationship between home environment and early cognitive development. The aim of these investigations is to determine the specific or process home environmental variables that correlate with and possibly regulate cognitive development during infancy and the preschool years. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book begins with a brief introduction to the issues investigated. Each of the following seven chapters is devoted to a longitudinal investigation, with emphasis on data presentation, analysis, and interpretation. The influence of home environment on cognitive development in young children of middle-socioeconomic... families as well as Mexican-American children is considered. Assessments of cognitive development are carried out using standard psychometric tests of intelligence; Piagetian-type measures of sensorimotor development; measures of language development; and measures of recognition memory for infants. The final chapter assesses the implications for intervention of the link between home environment and early cognitive development. This monograph will be of interest to psychologists and sociologists.

Religious Assortative Marriage

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Robert Alan Johnson
English
Hardback
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Religious Assortative Marriage in the United States aims to formulate and apply to American religious data, macrosociological models of assortative marriage in pluralistic populations. These models postulate that the factors determining assortative marriage are population structure, social divisions, and norms of endogamy. An important application of these models is to counter the ideological assumption, implicit in the popular image of a ""melting pot of nations,"" that the amalgamation of groups in the marriage market is the inevitable outcome of a historical plan of assimilation. The book begins by establishing a demographic framework by embedding assortative marriage in a broader model of the replacement of religious composition. This is followed by separate chapters on specialized theories concerned with the social determinants of assortative marriage; available religious marital selection data in the United States; and regional, residential, and cohort differentials in assortative marriage. The final chapter discusses how the ""general marriage market model,"" that is sufficiently flexible to be broadly applicable to diverse structures of religious or other assortative marriage, can be mathematically manipulated to generate laws of social statics and dynamics.

The Common Agricultural Policy beyond the MacSharry Reform

1st Edition
Volume 230
October 22, 2013
C. Folmer + 4 more
J. Tinbergen
English
eBook
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The reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) which is now being implemented, reduces the support for a selected number of agricultural products. This book uses welfare theory and applied general equilibrium analysis to assess the medium to long term consequences of this reform, if the new policies remain in place until the beginning of the next century. It analyses the implications of two alternative scenarios: a) a further trade liberalisation covering all commodities; and b) increased protectionism with high prices, constraints on production and export subsidies (financed by the farmers themselves). The study also investigates the implications of financial renationalisation, whereby the European Union member-states would cover the costs of their own support measures.

The Summary Report

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Gerald O. Barney
English
Hardback
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The Global 2000 Report to the President of the U.S.: Entering the 21st Century, Volume I: The Summary Report focuses on the Global 2000 Study, particularly noting the issues on the environment, population, and natural resources. The book first offers information on the findings and conclusions of the study and environment projections. Topics include water, energy, and forestry projections and the environment; climate changes and the environment; and gross national product (GNP) projections and the environment. The manuscript then examines the “Government's Global Model,“ including the analysis of the foundation, interpretation of projections, and strengthening the foundation. The text examines the elements of the ""Government's Global Model."" These include population, GNP, climate, technology, food, fisheries, forestry, water, energy, and fuel minerals. The book also surveys some of the studies and task forces whose findings might be helpful to those trying to provide methods and instructions in support of decision-making for international efforts in population, resources, and the environment. The manuscript will surely serve readers interested in the study of international efforts on population, resources, and the environment.

Children's Social Behavior

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Phillip S. Strain + 2 more
English
Paperback
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Children's Social Behavior: Development, Assessment, and Modification presents the principal aspects of social developmental study of children; assessment methodology and techniques; and changes in the behavioral targets of intervention and in the nature of interventions. The articles in the book deal with various subjects related to the study of children's social behavior. Topics discussed include the interdependence and interplay between biological and social forces on the child's developing social repertoire; causative factors that influence peer interaction deficits; sociometric procedures and direct observation assessment methods; and issues associated with target behavior selection and the selection of intervention tactics. Psychologists, educators, ethologists, anthropologists, psychiatrists, and sociologists will find the book invaluable.

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