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Books in Physical sciences and engineering

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    • The Characterization of Chemical Purity

      • 1st Edition
      • March 5, 2016
      • L. A. K. Staveley
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • Hardback
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      • eBook
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      The Characterization of Chemical Purity: Organic Compounds focuses on the processes, methodologies, and reactions involved in chemical purity. The selection first offers information on the concept of purity and its bearing on methods used to characterize purity and thermal methods, including general observations on impurity determination, freezing and melting phenomena, and classification of thermal methods of purity control. The manuscript also takes a look at density measurements, refractive index, and vapor pressure and boiling temperature measurements. The book ponders on chromatography and mass spectrometry. Discussions focus on chromatograms, testing of purity, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and liquid chromatography. The text also reviews optical, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Topics include infra-red (vibrational) spectra, experimental techniques, and nature of the Raman effect. Chemical and physical measurements, calibration of instruments, availability of standard reference materials, and value of human effort are discussed. The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers interested in chemical purity.

    • Studies in Natural Products Chemistry

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 51
      • November 24, 2016
      • Atta-ur Rahman
      • English
      • Hardback
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      Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. This series covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products.

    • Propagation of Transient Elastic Waves in Stratified Anisotropic Media

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 32
      • May 24, 2016
      • J.H.M.T. van der Hijden
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      Seismic waves are one of the standard diagnostic tools used to determine the mechanical parameters (volume density of mass, compressibility, elastic stiffness) in the interior of the earth and the geometry of subsurface structures. There is increasing evidence that in the interpretation of seismic data - especially shear-wave data - the influence of anisotropy must be taken into account.This volume presents a method to compute the seismic waves that are generated by an impulsive source in a stratified anisotropic medium. Although written with the seismic applications in mind, the method that is developed is not limited to solid-earth geophysics. In fact, the methods discussed in this monograph are applicable wherever waves propagate in stratified, anisotropic media. The standard approach to this problem is to employ Fourier transformations with respect to time and with respect to the horizontal spatial coordinates. To obtain numerical results, the relevant inverse transformations then have to be evaluated numerically. In this monograph the problem is, in contrast to the standard approach, solved by applying the Cagniard-de Hoop method and by representing the wave field as a sum of generalized rays. With this method, the computational results can be obtained relatively easily with any degree of accuracy, and with considerably less computation time. For completeness, analysis of acoustic waves in stratified isotropic media is included. Furthermore, for large horizontal or vertical source-receiver separations very efficient approximations are derived. Several examples and applications are given.

    • Artificial Intelligence IV

      • 1st Edition
      • January 22, 2016
      • P. Jorrand + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      Presenting recent results and ongoing research in Artificial Intelligence, this book has a strong emphasis on fundamental questions in several key areas: programming languages, automated reasoning, natural language processing and computer vision.AI is at the source of major programming language design efforts. Different approaches are described, with some of their most significant results: languages combining logic and functional styles, logic and parallel, functional and parallel, logic with constraints.A central problem in AI is automated reasoning, and formal logic is, historically, at the root of research in this domain. This book presents results in automatic deduction, non-monotonic reasoning, non-standard logic, machine learning, and common-sense reasoning. Proposals for knowledge representation and knowledge engineering are described and the neural net challenger to classical symbolic AI is also defended.Finally, AI systems must be able to interact with their environment in a natural and autonomous way. Natural language processing is an important part of this. Various results are presented in discourse planning, natural language parsing, understanding and generation. The autonomy of a machine for perception of its physical environment is also an AI problem and some research in image processing and computer vision is described.

    • Complex Systems and Clouds

      • 1st Edition
      • October 4, 2016
      • Dan C. Marinescu
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      Complex Systems and Clouds: A Self-Organization and Self-Management Perspective provides insights into the intricate world of self-organizing systems. Large scale distributed computer systems have evolved into very complex systems and are at the point where they need to borrow self-adapting organizing concepts from nature. The book explores complexity in big distributed systems and in the natural processes in physics and chemistry, building a platform for understanding how self-organization in big distributed systems can be achieved. It goes beyond the theoretical description of self-organization to present principles for designing self-organizing systems, and concludes by showing the need for a paradigm shift in the development of large-scale systems from strictly deterministic to non-deterministic and adaptive.

    • Construction Engineering Design Calculations and Rules of Thumb

      • 1st Edition
      • September 1, 2016
      • Ruwan Abey Rajapakse
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      Construction Engineering Calculations and Rules of Thumb begins with a brief, but rigorous, introduction to the mathematics behind the equations that is followed by self-contained chapters concerning applications for all aspects of construction engineering. Design examples with step-by-step solutions, along with a generous amount of tables, schematics, and calculations are provided to facilitate more accurate solutions through all phases of a project, from planning, through construction and completion.

    • Advances in Theoretical Hydrology

      • 1st Edition
      • September 1, 2016
      • J.P. O'Kane
      • English
      • eBook
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      This Festschrift containing sixteen invited essays and papers is a tribute to the distinguished Irish hydrologist James Dooge on the occasion of his 70th birthday. His former students, colleagues and friends in fourteen countries, have provided a varied selection on his favourite topics: flow in open channels and unsaturated soil, and also from his major interest of recent years, large scale hydrology and global change.The book has three sections. The first section on hydrological processes contains six papers. The second section on large scale hydrology has four papers. Six historical, reflective and philosophical essays on the past and future of the hydrological sciences form the third section of the book.

    • Glass Nanocomposites

      • 1st Edition
      • January 19, 2016
      • Basudeb Karmakar + 2 more
      • English
      • Hardback
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      • eBook
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      Glass Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Properties and Applications provides the latest information on a rapidly growing field of specialized materials, bringing light to new research findings that include a growing number of technologies and applications. With this growth, a new need for deep understanding of the synthesis methods, composite structure, processing and application of glass nanocomposites has emerged. In the book, world renowned experts in the field, Professors Karmakar, Rademann, and Stepanov, fill the knowledge gap, building a bridge between the areas of nanoscience, photonics, and glass technology. The book covers the fundamentals, synthesis, processing, material properties, structure property correlation, interpretation thereof, characterization, and a wide range of applications of glass nanocomposites in many different devices and branches of technology. Recent developments and future directions of all types of glass nanocomposites, such as metal-glasses (e.g., metal nanowire composites, nanoglass-mesoporous silica composites), semiconductor-glass and ceramic-glass nanocomposites, as well as oxide and non-oxide glasses, are also covered in great depth. Each chapter is logically structured in order to increase coherence, with each including question sets as exercises for a deeper understanding of the text.

    • Introduction to Radioanalytical Physics

      • 1st Edition
      • August 19, 2016
      • G. Deconninck
      • T. Braun + 1 more
      • English
      • Hardback
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      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      Nuclear Methods, Volume 1: Introduction to Radioanalytical Physics provides an introduction to the physical principles of radioanalytical methods. This book discusses the nuclear reaction mechanisms, the practical formula for elemental analysis, and the interaction of charged particle beams with matter. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the nuclear reaction principles, including reaction mechanisms, kinematics, and cross sections. This text then explains the calculation of straggling effects that play a major role in depth profile analysis. Other chapters consider the backscattering of heavy charged particles, which is a well-established method for surface analysis of heavy atoms. This book discusses as well the possible use of nuclear reactions as an analytical tool. The final chapter deals with some examples of investigations carried out in various disciplines. This book is a valuable resource for scientists of diverse scientific backgrounds such as biologists, physicists, chemists, engineers, and metallurgists.

    • Engineering Graphic Modelling

      • 1st Edition
      • February 26, 2016
      • E. Tjalve + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
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      • eBook
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      Engineering Graphic Modelling: A Practical Guide to Drawing and Design covers how engineering drawing relates to the design activity. The book describes modeled properties, such as the function, structure, form, material, dimension, and surface, as well as the coordinates, symbols, and types of projection of the drawing code. The text provides drawing techniques, such as freehand sketching, bold freehand drawing, drawing with a straightedge, a draughting machine or a plotter, and use of templates, and then describes the types of drawing. Graphic designers, design engineers, mechanical engineers, and draughtsmen will find this book invaluable.

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