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Elsevier

Books in Cement and concrete

  • Cementitious Matrices for Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Immobilization

    • 1st Edition
    • Pavlo Kryvenko + 2 more
    • English
    Cementitious Matrices for Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Immobilization reports research progress in this context, reviewing both traditional solidification methodologies and state-of-the-art developments in cementation technologies that promise to fulfill safety functions more dependably and ensure closer compliance with environmentally conscious practices and regulations. The book begins by classifying and characterizing radioactive wastes and explaining the chemistry of cementitious matrices, facilitating the choice of solidification agents and processing equipment. It offers guidelines for the selection of bonding materials, such as hydraulic cement or polymers, and discusses several admixtures and adsorbents to enhance embedding, binder properties, and contaminant stabilization.The book also includes statistical techniques for generating response surface models for large, complicated applications and case studies that collate the international authoring team’s firsthand insights into optimized handling of immobilized waste forms.

  • Pervious Concrete Pavements

    Design, Performance, and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Hilal El-Hassan + 1 more
    • English
    Pervious Concrete Pavements: Design, Performance, and Applications provides both a comprehensive theoretical background and practical experiences on the performance of pervious concrete. The book explores the effects of various materials and process parameters on the mechanical, durability, and hydraulic properties of pervious concrete while also examining their hydrological design and water quality. The ability to upscale the use of pervious concrete in construction applications is investigated through field evaluation, lifecycle assessment, and performance prediction using artificial intelligence. The volume presents the latest findings in pervious concrete research, filling a gap in previous relevant publications.

  • Understanding the Tensile Properties of Concrete

    In Statics and Dynamics
    • 2nd Edition
    • Jaap Weerheijm
    • English
    Understanding the Tensile Properties of Concrete: In Statistics and Dynamics, Second Edition summarizes recent research on this important subject. After an introduction to concrete, the book is divided into two distinct parts. Part One starts with a summary chapter on the most important parameters that affect the tensile response of concrete. Chapters show how multiscale modeling is used to relate concrete composition to tensile properties. Part Two focuses on dynamic response and starts with an introduction to the different regimes of dynamic loading, ranging from low frequency loading by wind or earthquakes to extreme dynamic conditions due to explosions and ballistic impacts.Following chapters review dynamic testing techniques and devices that deal with the various regimes of dynamic loading. Later chapters highlight the dynamic behavior of concrete from different viewpoints, and the book ends with a chapter on practical examples of how detailed knowledge on tensile properties is used by engineers in structural applications. Drawing on the work of some of the leading experts in the field, the book is fully updated and will be a valuable reference for civil and structural engineers as well as those researching this important material.

  • Transport Properties of Concrete

    Modelling the Durability of Structures
    • 2nd Edition
    • Peter A. Claisse
    • English
    Transport Properties of Concrete: Modelling the Durability of Structures, Second Edition, covers how to measure transport properties and use the results to model performance. The transport properties of concrete and measurements of the ability of ions and fluids to move through the material. These properties largely determine the durability of concrete and of steel embedded within it, as well as the effectiveness of structures such as waste containment barriers. The book provides a comprehensive examination of the subject and will be of use to all concerned with the durability and effectiveness of concrete structures.

  • Magnesia Cements

    From Formulation to Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Mark Shand + 4 more
    • English
    There is an urgent need for innovative, cost-effective, and sustainable approaches to reduce the tremendous environmental impact of conventional cement and cement-based technologies. Consuming a significantly lower quantity of natural resources than conventional cements, with the added ability to effectively sequestering carbon, magnesia cements offer great potential in this area. Magnesia Cements: From Formulation to Application explores the latest developments in this exciting area, reviewing the unique properties offered by these cements, including superior strength, fire resistance, and exceptional ability to bond to a wide range of aggregates, and highlighting their potential role in making cement production and usage more sustainable. Providing detailed analysis of the chemistry, properties, manufacture, and both traditional and novel applications, Magnesia Cements: From Formulation to Application is ideally suited for materials scientists, cement chemists, ceramicists, and engineers involved with the design, development, application and impact assessment of magnesia cements across both academia and industry.

  • Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling

    Management, Processing and Environmental Assessment
    • 1st Edition
    • F. Pacheco-Torgal + 3 more
    • English
    Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling: Management, Processing and Environmental Assessment is divided over three parts. Part One focuses on the management of construction and demolition waste, including estimation of quantities and the use of BIM and GIS tools. Part Two reviews the processing of recycled aggregates, along with the performance of concrete mixtures using different types of recycled aggregates. Part Three looks at the environmental assessment of non-hazardous waste. This book will be a standard reference for civil engineers, structural engineers, architects and academic researchers working in the field of construction and demolition waste.

  • Numerical Modeling of Masonry and Historical Structures

    From Theory to Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Bahman Ghiassi + 1 more
    • English
    Numerical Modeling of Masonry and Historical Structures: From Theory to Application provides detailed information on the theoretical background and practical guidelines for numerical modeling of unreinforced and reinforced (strengthened) masonry and historical structures. The book consists of four main sections, covering seismic vulnerability analysis of masonry and historical structures, numerical modeling of unreinforced masonry, numerical modeling of FRP-strengthened masonry, and numerical modeling of TRM-strengthened masonry. Each section reflects the theoretical background and current state-of-the art, providing practical guidelines for simulations and the use of input parameters.

  • Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics

    Twenty-First Century Materials with Diverse Applications
    • 2nd Edition
    • Arun S. Wagh
    • English
    Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics brings together the latest developments in chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPCs), including several novel ceramics, from US Federal Laboratories such as Argonne, Oak Ridge, and Brookhaven National Laboratories, as well as Russian and Ukrainian nuclear institutes. Coupled with further advances in their use as biomaterials, these materials have found uses in diverse fields in recent years. Applications range from advanced structural materials to corrosion and fire protection coatings, oil-well cements, stabilization and encapsulation of hazardous and radioactive waste, nuclear radiation shielding materials, and products designed for safe storage of nuclear materials. Such developments call for a single source to cover their science and applications. This book is a unique and comprehensive source to fulfil that need. In the second edition, the author covers the latest developments in nuclear waste containment and introduces new products and applications in areas such as biomedical implants, cements and coatings used in oil-well and other petrochemical applications, and flame-retardant anti-corrosion coatings.

  • Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures

    Properties and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 42
    • David A. Hensher
    • L. Anselin
    • English
    The use of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites for prestressed and non-prestressed concrete reinforcement has developed into a technology with serious and substantial claims for the advancement of construction materials and methods. Research and development is now occurring worldwide. The 20 papers in this volume make a further contribution in advancing knowledge and acceptance of FRP composites for concrete reinforcement. The articles are divided into three parts. Part I introduces FRP reinforcement for concrete structures and describes general material properties and manufacturing methods. Part II covers a three-continent perspective of current R&D, design and code implementations, and technical organizations' activities. Part III presents an in-depth description of commercially-availab... products, construction methods, and applications. The work is intended for engineers, researchers, and developers with the objective of presenting them with a world-wide cross-section of initiatives, representative products and significant applications.

  • Science and Technology of Concrete Admixtures

    • 1st Edition
    • Pierre-Claude AĂŻtcin + 1 more
    • English
    Science and Technology of Concrete Admixtures presents admixtures from both a theoretical and practical point-of-view. The authors emphasize key concepts that can be used to better understand the working mechanisms of these products by presenting a concise overview on the fundamental behavior of Portland cement and hydraulic binders as well as their chemical admixtures, also discussing recent effects in concrete in terms of rheology, mechanics, durability, and sustainability, but never forgetting the fundamental role played by the water/binder ratio and proper curing in concrete technology. Part One presents basic knowledge on Portland cement and concrete, while Part Two deals with the chemical and physical background needed to better understand what admixtures are chemically, and through which mechanism they modify the properties of the fresh and hardened concrete. Subsequent sections present discussions on admixtures technology and two particular types of concrete, self-consolidating and ultra-high strength concretes, with final remarks on their future.

  • Advances in Asphalt Materials

    Road and Pavement Construction
    • 1st Edition
    • Shin-Che Huang + 1 more
    • English
    The urgent need for infrastructure rehabilitation and maintenance has led to a rise in the levels of research into bituminous materials. Breakthroughs in sustainable and environmentally friendly bituminous materials are certain to have a significant impact on national economies and energy sustainability. This book will provide a comprehensive review on recent advances in research and technological developments in bituminous materials. Opening with an introductory chapter on asphalt materials and a section on the perspective of bituminous binder specifications, Part One covers the physiochemical characterisation and analysis of asphalt materials. Part Two reviews the range of distress (damage) mechanisms in asphalt materials, with chapters covering cracking, deformation, fatigue cracking and healing of asphalt mixtures, as well as moisture damage and the multiscale oxidative aging modelling approach for asphalt concrete. The final section of this book investigates alternative asphalt materials. Chapters within this section review such aspects as alternative binders for asphalt pavements such as bio binders and RAP, paving with asphalt emulsions and aggregate grading optimization.

  • Handbook of Alkali-Activated Cements, Mortars and Concretes

    • 1st Edition
    • F. Pacheco-Torgal + 4 more
    • English
    This book provides an updated state-of-the-art review on new developments in alkali-activation. The main binder of concrete, Portland cement, represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of concrete which are about 6 to 7% of the Planet’s total CO2 emissions. This is particularly serious in the current context of climate change and it could get even worse because the demand for Portland cement is expected to increase by almost 200% by 2050 from 2010 levels, reaching 6000 million tons/year. Alkali-activated binders represent an alternative to Portland cement having higher durability and a lower CO2 footprint.

  • Self-Sensing Concrete in Smart Structures

    • 1st Edition
    • Baoguo Han + 2 more
    • English
    Concrete is the second most used building material in the world after water. The problem is that over time the material becomes weaker. As a response, researchers and designers are developing self-sensing concrete which not only increases longevity but also the strength of the material. Self-Sensing Concrete in Smart Structures provides researchers and designers with a guide to the composition, sensing mechanism, measurement, and sensing properties of self-healing concrete along with their structural applications

  • Transport Properties of Concrete

    Measurements and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Peter A. Claisse
    • English
    Transport Properties of Concrete covers how to measure the ability of ions and fluids to move through concrete material, and how to use the results to model performance. These transport properties largely determine the durability of concrete and of steel embedded within it, as well as the effectiveness of structures such as landfill containment barriers. The book begins by explaining in detail what transport properties are and how to write computer models for transport processes. Early chapters present and explain computer models written in basic code. Coverage then proceeds to a wide range of tests for the transport properties of concrete, and methods for calculating the values for these properties from the test results using analytical and numerical models. The final chapters then show how the values obtained can be used to predict the durability of reinforced concrete, to model the effect of gas pressure, and to model waste containment structures. A number of practical examples are given, in which the calculations and computer models have been applied to real experimental data. Transport Properties of Concrete provides a comprehensive examination of the subject, and will be of use to all concerned with the durability and effectiveness of concrete structures.

  • Thermal Stresses and Temperature Control of Mass Concrete

    • 1st Edition
    • Zhu Bofang
    • English
    Methods of controlling mass concrete temperatures range from relatively simple to complex and from inexpensive too costly. Depending on a particular situation, it may be advantageous to use one or more methods over others. Based on the author’s 50 years of personal experience in designing mass concrete structures, Thermal Stresses and Temperature Control of Mass Concrete provides a clear and rigorous guide to selecting the right techniques to meet project-specific and financial needs. New techniques such as long time superficial thermal insulation, comprehensive temperature control, and MgO self-expansive concrete are introduced.

  • Fresh Concrete

    Properties and Tests
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 38
    • P. Bartos
    • English
    Fresh concrete is generally featured in publications on concrete technology where the focus is often on fundamental rheology or diverse research methods, or the standards describe the tests but do not provide practical advice on interpretation of the results. This book aims to fill the gap between highly scientific and fundamental works and the many fragmented test specifications. It summarises the existing knowledge on the properties of fresh concrete in a form accessible to practicing engineers and concrete technologists. It includes a manual of practical tests which cover both the standard tests in major countries and new tests specifically applicable to site testing. The testing equipment required and the procedures are described in sufficient detail for the tests to be carried out, with references to selected national standards when compliance with specific conditions applicable in those countries is required. Particular attention is paid to properties of special fresh concrete mixes which are increasingly used in practical construction. The work will be of interest to engineers and others involved in the research, development, design and execution of concrete construction, including those working in EEC countries.

  • Handbook of Recycled Concrete and Demolition Waste

    • 1st Edition
    • F. Pacheco-Torgal + 1 more
    • English
    The civil engineering sector accounts for a significant percentage of global material and energy consumption and is a major contributor of waste material. The ability to recycle and reuse concrete and demolition waste is critical to reducing environmental impacts in meeting national, regional and global environmental targets. Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste summarises key recent research in achieving these goals.Part one considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants and the economics of managing construction and demolition waste. Part two reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste. It begins with a comparison between conventional demolition and construction techniques before going on to discuss the preparation, refinement and quality control of concrete aggregates produced from waste. It concludes by assessing the mechanical properties, strength and durability of concrete made using recycled aggregates. Part three includes examples of the use of recycled aggregates in applications such as roads, pavements, high-performance concrete and alkali-activated or geopolymer cements. Finally, the book discusses environmental and safety issues such as the removal of gypsum, asbestos and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) concrete, as well as life-cycle analysis of concrete with recycled aggregates.Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste is a standard reference for all those involved in the civil engineering sector, as well as academic researchers in the field.

  • Understanding the Tensile Properties of Concrete

    • 1st Edition
    • Jaap Weerheijm
    • English
    The response of concrete under tensile loading is crucial for most applications because concrete is much weaker in tension than in compression. Understanding the response mechanisms of concrete under tensile conditions is therefore key to understanding and using concrete in structural applications. Understanding the tensile properties of concrete summarises key recent research in this important subject.After an introduction to concrete, the book is divided into two parts: part one on static response and part two on dynamic response. Part one starts with a summary chapter on the most important parameters that affect the tensile response of concrete. Chapters show how multi scale modelling is used to relate concrete composition to tensile properties. Part two focuses on dynamic response and starts with an introduction to the different regimes of dynamic loading, ranging from the low frequency loading by wind or earthquakes up to the extreme dynamic conditions due to explosions and ballistic impacts. Following chapters review dynamic testing techniques and devices that deal with the various regimes of dynamic loading. Later chapters highlight the dynamic behaviour of concrete from different viewpoints, and the book ends with a chapter on practical examples of how detailed knowledge on tensile properties is used by engineers in structural applications.Drawing on the work of some of the leading experts in the field, Understanding the tensile properties of concrete is a valuable reference for civil and structural engineers as well as those researching this important material.

  • Understanding the Rheology of Concrete

    • 1st Edition
    • N Roussel
    • English
    Estimating, modelling, controlling and monitoring the flow of concrete is a vital part of the construction process, as the properties of concrete before it has set can have a significant impact on performance. This book provides a detailed overview of the rheological behaviour of concrete, including measurement techniques, the impact of mix design, and casting.Part one begins with two introductory chapters dealing with the rheology and rheometry of complex fluids, followed by chapters that examine specific measurement and testing techniques for concrete. The focus of part two is the impact of mix design on the rheological behaviour of concrete, looking at additives including superplasticizers and viscosity agents. Finally, chapters in part three cover topics related to casting, such as thixotropy and formwork pressure.With its distinguished editor and expert team of contributors, Understanding the rheology of concrete is an essential reference for researchers, materials specifiers, architects and designers in any section of the construction industry that makes use of concrete, and will also benefit graduate and undergraduate students of civil engineering, materials and construction.

  • Concrete Structures

    Protection, Repair and Rehabilitation
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Dodge Woodson
    • English
    The success of a repair or rehabilitation project depends on the specific plans designed for it. Concrete Structures: Protection, Repair and Rehabilitation provides guidance on evaluating the condition of the concrete in a structure, relating the condition of the concrete to the underlying cause or causes of that condition, selecting an appropriate repair material and method for any deficiency found, and using the selected materials and methods to repair or rehabilitate the structure. Guidance is also provided for engineers focused on maintaining concrete and preparing concrete investigation reports for repair and rehabilitation projects. Considerations for certain specialized types of rehabilitation projects are also given. In addition, the author translates cryptic codes, theories, specifications and details into easy to understand language. Tip boxes are used to highlight key elements of the text as well as code considerations based on the International Code Council or International Building Codes. The book contains various worked out examples and equations. Case Studies will be included along with diagrams and schematics to provide visuals to the book.

  • Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete

    • 1st Edition
    • Sidney Mindess
    • English
    Concrete is the most widely-used construction material in the world. This important book summarises the wealth of recent research on improving qualities such as durability and sustainability as well as the emergence of a new generation of specialist concretes for particular applications.A number of chapters discuss new types of concrete such as autoclaved aerated concrete, high-strength concrete, sprayed concrete, fibre-reinforced concrete, lightweight concrete, self-compacting concrete, foamed and polymer concrete, together with their characteristics and applications. Other chapters review the development of concrete especially suited for particular conditions such as radiation protection, hot weather and underwater conditions, as well as the increasingly important area of recycling.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Developments in the formulation and reinforcement of concrete is a standard reference for civil and structural engineers.

  • Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete

    Monitoring, Prevention and Rehabilitation Techniques
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 38
    • M Raupach + 3 more
    • English
    Given the widespread use of reinforced concrete in infrastructure, understanding the corrosion of this material is of major importance. As a result there has been a wealth of research into catalysts, inhibitors and effective means of monitoring the rate of corrosion. Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete: mechanisms, monitoring, inhibitors and rehabilitation techniques summarises some of the most significant research and its implications.The book begins by reviewing findings from various experiments designed to test the corrosion rate of metals induced by a range of factors. Later chapters discuss techniques for monitoring and testing for corrosion. The book concludes by assessing important methods of prevention, including corrosion inhibitors, protective coatings and electrochemical methods for protection, together with rehabilitation procedures for susceptible structures.Filled with practical examples and written by a distinguished team of international contributors, Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete: mechanisms, monitoring, inhibitors and rehabilitation techniques is an essential reference for civil engineers using reinforced concrete.

  • The Electrochemistry and Characteristics of Embeddable Reference Electrodes for Concrete

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 43
    • R Myrdal
    • English
    Using reference electrodes to monitor the electrochemical potential of steel reinforcement in concrete is a well established technique for assessing the severity of corrosion and for controlling cathodic protection systems. This report gives a state-of-the-art overview of the electrochemical and physical characteristics and performance of embeddable reference electrodes for concrete, and the method used for installing them.The report first reviews electrochemical potential and reference electrodes in general. It then assesses the different types of reference electrodes for concrete. Finally, it considers key issues such as location and quality control which need to be considered when installing reference electrodes in steel-reinforced concrete structures.

  • An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael I. Ojovan + 2 more
    • English
    Safety and environmental impact is of uppermost concern when dealing with the movement and storage of nuclear waste. The 20 chapters in 'An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation' cover all important aspects of immobilisation, from nuclear decay, to regulations, to new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used in transport: cement, bitumen and glass, with the greatest attention being given to glass. The last chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of each matrix, and on new developments of ceramics and glass composite materials, thermochemical methods and in-situ metal matrix immobilisation. The book thoroughly covers all issues surrounding nuclear waste: from where to locate nuclear waste in the environment, through nuclear waste generation and sources, treatment schemes and technologies, immobilisation technologies and waste forms, disposal and long term behaviour. Particular attention is paid to internationally approved and worldwide-applied approaches and technologies.

  • Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Structures

    • 1st Edition
    • H Böhni
    • English
    Reinforced concrete has the potential to be very durable and capable of withstanding a variety of adverse environmental conditions. However, failures in the structures do still occur as a result of premature reinforcement corrosion. In this authoritative book the fundamental aspects of this complex process are analysed; focusing on corrosion of the reinforcing steel, and looking particularly, at new scientific and technological developments.Monitor... techniques, including the newly developed online-monitoring, are examined, as well as the numerical methods used to simulate corrosion and perform parameter studies. The influence of composition and microstructure of concrete on corrosion behaviour is explored. The second half of the book, which deals with corrosion prevention methods, starts with a discussion on stainless steels as reinforcement materials. There are comprehensive reviews of the use of surface treatments and coatings, of the application of corrosion inhibitors and of the application of electrochemical techniques. In each case the necessary scientific fundamentals are explained and practical instances of use are looked at. This is an invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete.

  • Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete

    • 4th Edition
    • Peter Hewlett
    • English
    Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete deals with the chemical and physical properties of cements and concretes and their relation to the practical problems that arise in manufacture and use. As such it is addressed not only to the chemist and those concerned with the science and technology of silicate materials, but also to those interested in the use of concrete in building and civil engineering construction. Much attention is given to the suitability of materials, to the conditions under which concrete can excel and those where it may deteriorate and to the precautionary or remedial measures that can be adopted. First published in 1935, this is the fourth edition and the first to appear since the death of Sir Frederick Lea, the original author. Over the life of the first three editions, this book has become the authority on its subject. The fourth edition is edited by Professor Peter C. Hewlett, Director of the British Board of Agrement and visiting Industrial Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Dundee. Professor Hewlett has brought together a distinguished body of international contributors to produce an edition which is a worthy successor to the previous editions.

  • Advanced Concrete Technology 2

    Concrete Properties
    • 1st Edition
    • John Newman + 1 more
    • English
    Based on the Institute of Concrete Technology's Advanced Concrete Technology Course, these four volumes are a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia and industry has been brought together to produce this unique series. Each volume deals with a different aspect of the subject: constituent materials, properties, processes and testing and quality. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, the books will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come.

  • Advanced Concrete Technology 3

    Processes
    • 1st Edition
    • John Newman + 1 more
    • English
    Based on the Institute of Concrete Technology's Advanced Concrete Technology Course, these four volumes are a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia and industry has been brought together to produce this unique series. Each volume deals with a different aspect of the subject: constituent materials, properties, processes and testing and quality. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, the books will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come.

  • Advanced Concrete Technology 1

    Constituent Materials
    • 1st Edition
    • John Newman + 1 more
    • English
    BBased on the Institute of Concrete Technology's advanced course, the Advanced Concrete Technology series is a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia, and industry have come together to produce this unique reference source.This first volume deals with the constituent materials of concrete. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, the book will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come.

  • Advanced Concrete Technology 4

    Testing and Quality
    • 1st Edition
    • John Newman + 1 more
    • English
    Based on the Institute of Concrete Technology's Advanced Concrete Technology Course, these four volumes are a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia and industry has been brought together to produce this unique series. Each volume deals with a different aspect of the subject: constituent materials, properties, processes and testing and quality. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, the books will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come.

  • Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

    • 1st Edition
    • Satish Chandra + 1 more
    • English
    In spite of the increasing use and demand for lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), there is still a lack of adequate explanations to understand the mechanisms responsible for the strength and durability properties of LWAC. This book is written to give an overall picture of LWAC, from the historical background, aggregate production, proportioning and production of concrete, to applications in structures. Physical properties and chemical durability are described in detail. The physical properties include density, strength, shrinkage, and elasticity. Chemical durability includes resistance to acids, chloride ingress, carbonation, and freeze-thaw resistance. Fire resistance is also included, which is seldom considered, but is a very important aspect of the safety of the structure. Microstructure development and its relation to the durability properties of LWAC generally are not highlighted in the literature. The development of bonds, the microstructure with different binder systems, and different types of lightweight aggregates are explained. They show how lightweight aggregate concrete differs from normal weight concrete. The chapters on chloride ingress and freeze-thaw resistance are detailed because of the use of LWAC in offshore construction. The economical aspects of using LWAC are also reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that although the cost of LWAC is high, the total cost of construction has to be considered, including the cost of transport, reinforcement, etc. When these are considered then LWAC becomes cheaper and attractive. The life cycle cost of the concrete is another consideration for calculating long-term savings on maintenance costs.

  • Minimum Reinforcement in Concrete Members

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 24
    • A. Carpinteri
    • English
    The ESIS-Technical Committee 9 on Concrete was established in 1990 and has met seven times. A proposal was put to European and extra-European laboratories entitled "Scale effects and transitional failure phenomena of reinforced concrete beams in flexure" which lead to several positive responses.The central topic discussed by the committee was that of the minimum reinforcement in concrete members. The minimum amount of reinforcement is defined as that for which "peak load at first concrete cracking" and "ultimate load after steel yielding" are equal. In this way, any brittle behaviour is avoided as well as any localized failure, if the member is not over-reinforced. In other words, there is a reinforcement percentage range, depending on the size-scale, within which the plastic limit analysis may be applied with its static and kinematic theorems.Carpinteri, Ferro, Bosco and El-Katieb propose a LEFM model, according to which reinforcement reactions are applied directly on the crack surfaces and a compatibility condition is locally imposed on the crack opening displacement in correspondence with the reinforcement. The theoretical model is found to provide a satisfactory estimate of the minimum percentage of reinforcement that depends on the scale and enables the element in flexure to prevent brittle failure.

  • Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structures

    Using Externally-Bonded Frp Composites in Structural and Civil Engineering
    • 1st Edition
    • L C Hollaway + 1 more
    • English
    The in situ rehabilitation or upgrading of reinforced concrete members using bonded steel plates is an effective, convenient and economic method of improving structural performance. However, disadvantages inherent in the use of steel have stimulated research into the possibility of using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in its place, providing a non-corrosive, more versatile strengthening system.This book presents a detailed study of the flexural strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete members using fibre reinforces polymer composite plates. It is based to a large extent on material developed or provided by the consortium which studied the technology of plate bonding to upgrade structural units using carbon fibre / polymer composite materials. The research and trial tests were undertaken as part of the ROBUST project, one of several ventures in the UK Government's DTI-LINK Structural Composites Programme.The book has been designed for practising structural and civil engineers seeking to understand the principles and design technology of plate bonding, and for final year undergraduate and postgraduate engineers studying the principles of highway and bridge engineering and structural engineering.

  • Concrete Admixtures Handbook

    Properties, Science and Technology
    • 2nd Edition
    • V.S. Ramachandran
    • English
    Since the publication of the first edition ten years ago, significant developments have occurred in the use of admixtures in concrete. Eight new chapters and a full update of the preceding ten chapters bring this book up to date; reflecting the relative advances made in the science and technology of different groups of admixtures. The increased role and development of admixtures in concrete technology is evidenced by a number of conferences, publications, and novel admixtures available in the market place. These developments in the field caused the modification of many chapters in the first edition in order to reflect the advances. Although individual chapters refer to standards and specifications of admixtures, those only interested in the standards or techniques used in investigating admixtures will find the second chapter (Research Technologies, Standards, and Specifications) useful. Admixtures are not as inert as may be presumed. They may chemically interact with the constituents of concrete and affect the properties of the fresh and hardened concrete and its durability. The third chapter deals with these aspects. It was important to devote a chapter to recent attempts in developing new admixtures.

  • Handbook of Polymer-Modified Concrete and Mortars

    Properties and Process Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • Yoshihiko Ohama
    • English
    Mortar and concrete made with portland cement has been a popular construction material in the world for the past 170 years or more. However, cement mortar and concrete have some disadvantages such as delayed hardening, low tensile strength, large drying shrinkage and low chemical resistance. To reduce these disadvantages, polymers have been utilized as an additive.Polymer-mod... or polymer cement mortar (PCM) and concrete (PCC) are the materials which are made by partially replacing the cement hydrate binders of conventional cement mortar or concrete, with polymers. This book deals with the principles of polymer modification for cement composites, the process technology, properties and applications of the polymer-modified mortar and concrete, and special polymer-modified systems such as M DF cement, antiwashout underwater concrete, polymer-ferrocement, and artificial I wood.The polymeric admixtures or cement modifiers include latexes or emulsions, redispersible polymer powders, water-soluble polymers, liquid resins and monomers.This book describes the current knowledge and information of polymer-modified mortars and concretes, and discusses or reviews the following items in detail:1. Principles of polymer modification for cement composites.2. Process technology of polymer-modified mortars and concretes.3. Properties of polymer-modified mortars and concretes.4. Applications of polymer-modified mortars and concretes.5. Special polymer-modified systems such as MDF cements, antiwashout underwater concretes, polymer-ferrocements... and artificial woods.

  • Principles of Testing Soils, Rocks and Concrete

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 66
    • T.S. Nagaraj
    • English
    Soils, rocks and concrete are the principal materials a civil engineer encounters in practice. This book deals with the material analogies, their implications in property characterization, giving attention to similar as well as dissimilar methods in respect of each of these three materials. It provides an integrated, systematic approach for realistic assessment of engineering properties of soils, rocks and concrete. Geotechnical engineers, civil engineers and materials scientists will be interested in this volume.

  • Concrete Materials

    Properties, Specifications, and Testing
    • 2nd Edition
    • Sandor Popovics
    • English
    This book presents an in-depth approach to concrete ingredients and their relationships to concrete by discussing their properties, pertinent test methods, specifications, proper use and selection, and solutions to problems in practice. The approach is practice oriented, and the book assists in the improved application of concrete through a thorough understanding of its ingredients. This is aided by the discussion of certain fundamental aspects and relationships in quantitative forms, and by also presenting the interpretation of research and experience. An extensive bibliography is included.The book is a current, organized summary of knowledge concerning concrete-making materials, which will enable the engineer/user to make the best possible product using these materials.