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Elsevier

Books in Materials engineering

This portfolio explores the science and technology of metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and nanomaterials. Offering deep insight into material properties, processing, and applications, it supports researchers and engineers in developing innovative, sustainable materials for diverse industries. Emphasizing cutting-edge advancements and real-world challenges, the collection advances knowledge critical to engineering breakthroughs.

  • Precipitation Hardening

    Theory and Applications
    • 2nd Edition
    • J. W. Martin
    • English
    Precipitation Hardening (or age-hardening) is an important technique for the metal-using industries. The process is used to enhance the mechanical properties of a wide range of alloys, notably those based on aluminium, but also embracing some nickel and other non-ferrous alloys as well as certain steels. It is important that the mechanisms that produce this improvement in properties are understood so that the desired properties can be optimised. This book provides a thorough treatment and grounding in the subject for the student of materials science and engineering, as well as guidance, for those using the process in industry and in research. A number of excerpts from classic papers are included, which illustrate the development of precipitation hardening from being an art to a science.Precipitatio... Hardening (or age-hardening) is an important technique for the metal-using industries. The process is used to enhance the mechanical properties of a wide range of alloys, notably those based on aluminium, but also embracing some nickel and other non-ferrous alloys as well as certain steels. It is important that the mechanisms that produce this improvement in properties are understood so that the desired properties can be optimised. This book provides a thorough treatment and grounding in the subject for the student of materials science and engineering, as well as guidance, for those using the process in industry and in research. A number of excerpts from classic papers are included, which illustrate the development of precipitation hardening from being an art to a science.

  • Speckle Metrology

    • 1st Edition
    • R Erf
    • English
    Speckle Metrology presents a diverse and wide collection of metrological speckle techniques and applications. The book discusses both theoretical concepts and experimental methods in speckle-based measurements. Some chapters introduce speckle terminology and the physical characteristics of speckle. Other aspects also covered in the book include methodology, system geometries, data reduction procedures, and specific applications. These applications are discussed in detail in individual chapters, such as structures inspection. Adaptation of speckle measurement techniques in video recording and processing technology is also given emphasis in one chapter. Finally, one chapter is dedicated to a discussion on the speckle interferometer as one of the most used instrument in metrological speckle application. This text is a valuable reference to students in the fields of engineering and applied science.

  • Polymer Syntheses V1

    • 1st Edition
    • Stanley Sandler
    • English
    Polymer Syntheses, Volume I presents detailed laboratory instructions for the preparation of polymers by different functional group classes. This book provides the laboratory procedures for the preparation of polymers containing phosphorus in various oxidation states. Organized into 15 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of some selected preparative methods for carrying out the major methods of polymerization in the laboratory. This text then examines the synthesis of phosphonitrilic polymers. Other chapters consider the synthesis of peroxide and hydroperoxide free radical initiators. This book discusses as well the principles involved in the preparation of emulsion polymers, which are applicable to the preparation of polymers of a wide variety of vinyl monomers and many copolymerizations. The final chapter deals with the chemistry of organometallic and organometalloid peroxides. This book is a valuable resource for chemists involved in the designing of phosphorus polymers to meet fire retardant requirements of various products.

  • Systematic Materials Analysis Part 2

    • 1st Edition
    • J.H. Richardson
    • English
    Systematic Materials Analysis, Volume II presents a broad range of instrumental methods and approaches that will yield the desired information about a given material. This book serves as a guide for the purchase of new instrumentation. Organized into nine chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the analytical methods on the bases of specimen limitations and information desired by using flow charts encompassing the various instruments. This book then proceeds with a discussion of the specific instruments that outline the theories of operation. Other chapters consider the capability of the methods for quantitative and qualitative measurements of structure, texture, and chemical composition. This text discusses as well the selectivity and sensitivity of each method. The final chapter deals with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and provides a listing of known manufacturers of commercial ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis) instrumentation. Materials analysts, laboratory administrator, biological scientists, engineers, and researchers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Laser Annealing of Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • J Poate
    • English
    Laser Annealing of Semiconductors deals with the materials science of surfaces that have been subjected to ultrafast heating by intense laser or electron beams. This book is organized into 13 chapters that specifically tackle transient annealing of compound semiconductors. After briefly dealing with an overview of laser annealing, this book goes on discussing the concepts of solidification and crystallization pertinent to the field. These topics are followed by discussions on the main mechanisms of interaction of photon and electron beams with condensed matter; the calculation of thermophysical properties of crystalline materials; and high-speed crystal growth by laser annealing of ion-implanted silicon. The subsequent chapters describe the microstructural and topographical properties of annealed semiconductor layers and the epitaxy of ion-implanted silicon irradiated with a laser or electron beam single pulse. This text also explores the electronic and surface properties and the continuous-wave beam processing of semiconductors. The concluding chapters cover various reactions in metal-semiconductor systems, such as fast and laser-induced melting, solidification, mixing, and quenching. Laser-induced interactions in metal-semiconductor systems and the factors involved in control of the heat treatment process are also discussed in these chapters. Materials scientists and researchers and device engineers will find this book invaluable.

  • Powder Metallurgy Processing

    The Techniques and Analyses
    • 1st Edition
    • Howard Kuhn
    • English
    Powder Metallurgy Processing: New Techniques and Analyses covers the application of advanced analytical techniques in metallurgy, mechanics, and economics to the fundamentals of powder fabrication processes. The book discusses powder production by gas and water atomization of liquid metals; the triaxial stress state compaction of powders; and the diffusional homogenization of compacted blends of powders. The text also describes the deformation processing of sintered powder materials; the analysis of mechanical property-structure relations in powder forgings; and the economic risk analysis of a miniplant for production of steel strip from powder. Chemical engineers and metallurgists and students taking related courses will find the book invaluable.

  • Laser and Electron Beam Processing of Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • C.W. White
    • English
    Laser and Electron Beam Processing of Materials contains the papers presented at the symposium on "Laser and Electron Beam Processing of Materials," held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in November 1979, sponsored by the Materials Research Society. The compilation presents reports and research papers on the use of directed energy sources, such as lasers and electron beams for materials processing. The majority of the materials presented emphasize results on semiconductor materials research. Substantial findings on research on metals, alloys, and other materials are presented as well. Topics covered by the papers include the use of scanned cw sources (both photons and electrons) to recrystallize amorphous layers, enhanced substitutional solubility, solute trapping, zone refining of impurities, and constitutional supercooling. The use of lasers and electron beams to anneal ion implant damage and contacts formation, processing of ion-implanted metals, and surface alloying of films deposited on metallic surfaces are also discussed. Metallurgists, engineers, and materials scientists will find the book very insightful.

  • Problem Analysis In Science and Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • F.H. Jr. Branin
    • English
    Problem Analysis in Science and Engineering discusses several issues regarding the problems faced by disciplines that are reliant on mathematical equations and solutions. The book describes alternative ways to approach several problems faced by different fields. Chapters in this book are written by different authors who in turn discuss different subjects, such as the aspects of network theory and its applications in engineering and physics, economy, ecology, catastrophe theory, and the mathematical aspects of problem structure and analysis tools. Since this book tackles issues from a variety of disciplines, it will appeal to a wide audience from different fields.

  • Critical Materials Problems In Energy Production

    • 1st Edition
    • Charles Stein
    • English
    Critical Materials Problems in Energy Production discusses the most challenging of the materials problems in the areas of production, distribution, and energy storage. This book is a result of the Distinguished Lecture Series on “Critical Materials Problems in Energy Production” sponsored by the Joint Center for Materials Science in New Mexico. This text is organized into eight sections encompassing 29 chapters that cover topics on nuclear power, materials for high-temperature applications, solar energy, direct solar conversion, coal and other fossil fuels, superconducting materials, and energy storage devices. After a brief introduction to overall perspective of the energy program, the book goes on discussing the problems encountered in nuclear power generation, including the complication of their interdependence, the severity of the service parameters, and the need for safety and reliability. Section II examines the progress made in the development of high-temperature materials suitable for use in magnetohydrodynamic converts and advanced turbines and jet engines. The subsequent two sections address the thermal/optical requirements for solar utilization devices and the limitations encountered in solar cell materials. Section V deals with the metallurgical problems emanating from the materials used for confinement and the flow of energy in steam generating systems. This section also describes the close dependence of catalytic performance on technological innovations in the field of materials science. Section VI discusses the basics of superconductivity phenomena. Section VII deals with the materials problems related to the development of more efficient batteries. Discussions on new electrode materials, solid electrolytes, and high-temperature battery systems are included in this section. The concluding section provides supplemental texts containing references and readings.

  • Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Compounds

    Estimation Methods, Principles and Practice
    • 1st Edition
    • George J. Janz
    • English
    Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Compounds: Estimation Methods, Principles and Practice, Revised Edition focuses on the progression of practical methods in computing the thermodynamic characteristics of organic compounds. Divided into two parts with eight chapters, the book concentrates first on the methods of estimation. Topics presented are statistical and combined thermodynamic functions; free energy change and equilibrium conversions; and estimation of thermodynamic properties. The next discussions focus on the thermodynamic properties of simple polyatomic systems by statistical thermodynamic methods. Discussed are molecular energy of an ideal gas; partition function and thermodynamic properties; and calculation of statistical thermodynamic functions. The book also notes the dynamic properties of long chain hydrocarbons and the method of structural similarity. Tabulations and numerical representations are presented as well. Discussions also focus on methods of group contributions and group equations. Included are paraffins, unsaturated carbons, cyclic hydrocarbons, and nonhydrocarbon groups. The last part of the text focuses on heat formation and heat capacity; the applications of thermodynamic method; and numerical data. Included in the discussions are bond energies and binding energies; gaseous free radicals and ions; and hydrogenation of benzene. The book is an important source of data for readers interested in studying the thermodynamic characteristics of organic compounds.

  • Systematic Materials Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • J.H. Richardson
    • English
    Systematic Materials Analysis, Volume IV presents refined instrumental methods available for materials analysis, which involves the complete characterization of a material, including structural and textural analyses in addition to chemical analysis. This volume is composed of 11 chapters. Each chapter on specific instruments outlines the theories of operation and describes their capability for qualitative and quantitative measurements of chemical composition, structure, and texture. The sensitivity and selectivity of each method are emphasized. The specific techniques and instruments covered in this book include the atomic-absorption and atomic-fluorescence flame photometry, ion microprobe, mass spectrometry, neutron diffractometry, polarimetry, polarography, dynamic thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. This book is intended primarily to materials analysts, engineers, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate level students.

  • Atomic and Molecular Scattering

    • 1st Edition
    • Berni Alder
    • English
    Methods in Computational Physics, Volume 10: Atomic and Molecular Scattering presents the digital methods used in producing quantitative results from the theory of atomic and molecular scattering. This volume contains seven chapters that specifically consider the methods that produce quantum mechanical wavefunctions from which cross sections are deduced. Chapter 1 covers the solutions of the systems of coupled integro-differential equations using the Hartree and Hartree-Fock methods for atomic structure calculations and the eigenfunction expansion method for electron-atom collision calculations. Chapter 2 treats the translation of the formal results into a generally applicable, efficient, and numerically stable method for solving quantum-mechanical scattering problems. Chapter 3 discusses the exponential method of solution as applied in inelastic scattering, the reaction coordinates for a collinear reactive system, and the modifications of the computational method required for reactive scattering. Chapter 4 outlines the theory and the calculational techniques involved in the use of algebraic expansions in scattering problems, while Chapter 5 deals with the solution of the close-coupled equations. Chapter 6 evaluates the collision between two quantum-mechanical systems with internal structure using the quantum-mechanical operator equations. Lastly, Chapter 7 focuses on the principles and applications of classical trajectory methods.

  • Thermophysics: Applications to Thermal Design of Spacecraft

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerry Bevans
    • English
    Thermophysics: Applications to Thermal Design of Spacecraft is a collection of technical papers presented at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics's 7th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, held on January 20-22, 1969, in New York and 4th Thermophysics Conference, held on June 16-18, 1969, in San Francisco, California. Contributors explore the applications of thermophysics to thermal design of spacecraft and tackle topics ranging from conduction and radiation to convection, phase change, and thermal design techniques. Comprised of 26 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on experimental thermophysical properties, focusing on topics such as contact thermal resistance theory and experiment; optics and engineering in thermophysics; and crystal growth during melting and freezing and its application to phase change in thermal control. The physical parameters affecting radiation property degradation under simulated space environmental conditions are also considered. Radiative analysis is treated in the next section, with emphasis on surface effects upon radiative properties; two-component heat pipes; parametric thermal control requirements for future manned spacecraft; and thermal considerations of a landed vehicle on the surface of Mars. This book should be of interest to practitioners in astronautics and aeronautics.

  • Optical Signal Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Horner
    • English
    Optical Signal Processing is a collection of synopses of the works of many experts in the different fields of optical signal processing. The book also includes systems or algorithms that have been successfully tried and used. The monograph is divided into seven parts. Part I discusses color image processing and white-light Fourier transformations, while Part II covers topics related to pattern recognition such as optical feature extraction and unconventional correlators. Part III deals with temporal signal processing and its related optical architectures, acoustooptic synthetic aperture radar processors, and acoustooptic signal processors. Part IV tackles nonlinear optical processors and waveguide devices. Part V discusses optical and tomographic transformation. Part VI deals with optical numeric processing, optical linear algebra processors, and related algorithm and software. Part VII talks about devices and components and their applications such as fiber-optic delay-line signal processors and spatial light modulators. The text is recommended for engineers and scientists in the field of optical signal processing, especially those who would like to know more of its advancements.

  • Phase Diagrams 6-V

    Materials Science and Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • Allen Alper
    • English
    Phase Diagrams: Materials Science and Technology, Volume V is a six-chapter text that covers the use of phase diagrams in the understanding and development of inorganic materials. This volume first examines the atomistic understanding of the geometry of phase diagrams and the thermodynamic parameters on which the diagrams are based, as well as the relations of diagrams to crystal chemistry. The topics are followed by discussions on the most important thermodynamic theories of nonstoichiometry in binary oxide systems and the theories of spinodal decomposition that are relevant to crystalline nonmetals, especially to mixed crystalline oxides. Other chapters explore the phase equilibrium relations of phosphatic apatites including fluor-, chlor-, and hydroxyanion-contain... compounds and of sialons and other nitrogen ceramics. The last chapter describes the mechanical, chemical, and thermal shock-resistant properties required of materials for stringent application. This chapter highlights the maximizing of the thermal shock resistance of silicate ceramics through lowering thermal expansion to meet the required properties of this application. The use of phase diagrams in the development of low thermal expansion materials for these applications is also discussed. This book will be useful to all scientists, engineers, and materials science students who are investigating and developing materials, as well as to the end user of the materials.

  • Interatomic Potentials

    • 1st Edition
    • Iam Torrens
    • English
    Interatomic Potentials provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the interaction between atoms. This book discusses the theory of interatomic forces or potentials, which deals with the complicated problem of many-body interactions. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the physical principles behind a range of atomic interactions and show how they can be applied to some atomic problems. This text then examines some of the theories of the atom that employ various approximate methods to simplify the many-body problem and estimate it potential energy. Other chapters consider the application of computer techniques to atomic problems. This book discusses as well the general principles and the particular types of pair interactions based on the pseudopotential method. The final chapter deals with some applications of interatomic potentials. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, research workers, and teachers. Atomic and solid state physicists will also find this book useful.

  • Principles Of Adaptive Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Tyson
    • English
    Principles of Adaptive Optics covers the basic principles of optics, wavefront sensing, controls, and wavefront correction that encompass the specialized field called adaptive optics. This book is composed of eight chapters that summarize the fundamental technology developments and the basic understanding of the various disciplines used in adaptive optics. After briefly reviewing the history, background, and developments of adaptive optics, this book goes on discussing the many sources of phase aberrations addressed by adaptive optics systems, such as linear effects due to turbulence, optical manufacturing, and misalignments, as well as errors that result from nonlinear thermal effects and fluid properties. The subsequent chapter deals with the performance enhancing role of adaptive optics systems in various disturbances. Other chapters describe the wavefront sampling, sensing, and correction subsystems. The concluding chapters explore the fundamental principles behind the adaptive optics control system and present summary expressions to determine the basic system parameters of an adaptive optics atmospheric compensation system. Communication scientists and engineers will find this work invaluable.

  • Particle Size Analysis in Industrial Hygiene

    • 1st Edition
    • Leslie Silverman
    • English
    Particle Size Analysis in Industrial Hygiene discusses technical information on particle properties, kinetic behavior, sampling instruments, and interpretation. This book is composed of seven chapters and is prepared by the American Industrial Hygiene Association for the Division of Technical Information, United States Atomic Energy Commission. This monograph is a part of the continuing effort of both organizations to extend the field of technical knowledge and safeguard the health and well-being of persons exposed to toxic or deleterious material. After briefly discussing the fundamental physics and chemistry of aerosol systems, the book goes on describing the analytical methods and instruments for particle size analysis. Such methods include direct and indirect sampling methods as well as automatic counting and sizing instruments. Specific methods considered include sieve analysis, optical and electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A chapter on particle size interpretation and representation with the use of applied mathematical statistics concepts is also provided. This book also covers a general discussion on typical applications of particle size analysis to industrial hygiene, radiation protection, air pollution control, industrial toxicology, and related areas. This book is an invaluable source for industrial hygienists and to those working in the many disciplines dealing with particle behavior.

  • Application of Optical Fourier Transforms

    • 1st Edition
    • Henry Stark
    • English
    Applications of Optical Fourier Transforms is a 12-chapter text that discusses the significant achievements in Fourier optics. The opening chapters discuss the Fourier transform property of a lens, the theory and applications of complex spatial filters, and their application to signal detection, character recognition, water pollution monitoring, and other pattern recognition problems. These topics are followed by a computation of the statistical characteristics of the Fourier irradiance patterns and the hybrid systems that combine the best of optics, analog electronics, and digital computers to solve problems. The subsequent chapters examine the pulse-Doppler and chirp signals, the significance of signal-to-noise power spectrum in the information content measurement of photographic film and in image quality determinations. This text also considers the application of nonlinear systems and their components to Fourier optics. The discussions then shift to the application of Fourier methods to the study of spatial information transmission through the human visual system, as well as the application of coherent techniques to vision research. The concluding chapters deal with the well-known pattern recognition problems related to the digital signal processing community. These chapters also look into a general theoretical model of light field propagation from input to output. This book will be of value to optical scientists and vision researchers.

  • Advances In Structural Analysis V4B

    • 1st Edition
    • D Uhlmann
    • English
    Glass Science and Technology, Volume 4B: Advances in Structural Analysis presents the principal methods used to obtain experimental data on glass structure. This book discusses the development of models and data that provide improved and more detailed descriptions of structural features on various scales of structure. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of how defects and short-range order in glasses have been considerably elucidated by the techniques of electronic spin resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and small-angle scattering of X-rays. This text then examines how unconventional methods from the perspective of inorganic glasses can provide valuable structural information. Other chapters consider the study of the structure of glasses at various levels of resolution. This book discusses as well the electron microscopic investigation of glasses. The final chapter deals with the anionic constitution of phosphate glasses. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, experimentalists, and research workers.

  • Semiconductor Lasers and Herterojunction LEDs

    • 1st Edition
    • Henry Kressel
    • English
    Semiconductor Lasers and Heterojunction LEDs presents an introduction to the subject of semiconductor lasers and heterojunction LEDs. The book reviews relevant basic solid-state and electromagnetic principles; the relevant concepts in solid state physics; and the p-n junctions and heterojunctions. The text also describes stimulated emission and gain; the relevant concepts in electromagnetic field theory; and the modes in laser structures. The relation between electrical and optical properties of laser diodes; epitaxial technology; binary III-V compounds; and diode fabrication are also considered. The book further tackles the heterojunction devices of alloys other than GaAs-AlAs; the devices for special applications; distributed-feedback lasers; and the transient effects in laser diodes. Students taking courses in semiconductor lasers and heterojunction LEDs will find the book useful.

  • Holographic Nondestructive Testing

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Erf
    • English
    Holographic Nondestructive Testing presents a unified discussion of the principles and methods of holography and its application holographic nondestructive testing. The book discusses in detail the basic theoretical concepts, the experimental methods for recording holograms, and different specialized holographic techniques. Several kinds of holography are discussed in the beginning chapters such as continuous-wave holography, pulsed holography, and interferometric holography. Other topics covered in the book are holographic surface contouring, holographic correlation, and holographic vibration analysis. Microwave and acoustical holography are the major areas of interest in Chapters 9 and 10. The text serves as an important reference to both engineers and optical scientists.

  • Infrared Absorption Spectra (1964)

    • 1st Edition
    • Herbert Hershenson
    • English
    Infrared Absorption Spectra: Index for 1958-1962 provides a five-year supplement to the original “Infrared Absorption Spectra: Index for 1945-1957”. The chief aim of this index is to provide a means for the location of published absorption spectra and the listing has been kept as simple as possible. This index includes 66 journals and one collection of spectra in book form as compared with 33 journals and one book in the original. It contains approximately 20,000 references to infrared absorption spectra published during 1958-1962. The index is arranged according to the compounds whose spectra are given. The indexing arrangement is roughly similar to that used in Chemical Abstracts, although it has not been practical to conform to Chemical Abstracts nomenclature throughout. Listings are made based on the parent substance, while in the case of inorganic compounds, solution spectra are normally indexed according to the ionic species, which contributes the significant absorption. The spectra of polymeric materials are listed in proper alphabetical order according to the parent compound. The provided tables give a complete list of the volumes and corresponding years of the journals covered and also a list of the abbreviations used. Each reference consists of an abbreviated symbol for the journal, the volume number, and the page.

  • Infrared and Millimeter Waves

    • 1st Edition
    • Kenneth Button
    • English
    Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Volume 1: Sources of Radiation explores modern sources of radiation available for use in the far-infrared and near-millimeter wavelength range of the spectrum. This book describes the operating principles and comparative performances of all three types of device: electron tubes, solid state devices, and optically pumped lasers. This volume is comprised of seven chapters; the first of which reviews the developments in the design and construction of high-power, high-efficiency millimeter sources and in the nonlinear theory for cyclotron masers. The second chapter deals with IMPATT devices for millimeter-wave power generation, with emphasis on device physics design considerations as well as cw and pulsed operations of IMPATT oscillators and amplifiers at millimeter frequencies. The chapters that follow focus on optically pumped lasers, backward wave oscillators, the Ledatron, and infrared and submillimeter-wave waveguides. This book concludes with a discussion on free electron lasers based on stimulated scattering from relativistic electron beams. An original reformulation of stimulated scattering theory that attempts to encompass all previous treatments is described and compared with available experimental data. This text also presents a semi-qualitative analysis of nonlinear saturation. This book will appeal to scientists and professional engineers.

  • Hot Isostatic Pressing '93

    • 1st Edition
    • L. Delaey + 1 more
    • English
    Various topics related to Hot Isostatic Pressing are presented in this volume. As well as papers on more general aspects of HIPing, the papers are organised into four groups: metals and alloys, ceramics, HIP-engineering, and HIP-fundamentals. Castings, powder metallurgy, intermetallics, surface engineering and diffusion bounding are covered in the first group. The papers on ceramics give special attention to HIPing of structural and functional ceramics as well as to ceramic composites. Some interesting HIP-engineering innovations are presented on HIP equipment and HIP-technology. The papers which discuss HIP-fundamentals focus around materials modelling and component modelling.

  • Wind Engineering 1983 3A

    Proceedings of the Sixth international Conference on Wind Engineering, Gold Coast, Australia, March 21-25, And Auckland, New Zealand, April 6-7 1983; held under the auspices of the International Association for Wind Engineering
    • 1st Edition
    • J.D. Holmes
    • English
    Wind Engineering 1983, Part A contains the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Wind Engineering, held in Gold Coast, Australia, on March 21-25, 1983 and in Auckland, New Zealand, on April 6-7, 1983 under the auspices of the International Association for Wind Engineering. The conference provided a forum for discussing topics related to wind energy and wind engineering, from wind characteristics and wind loading to full-scale measurement and modeling of buildings and other structures. Comprised of 36 chapters, this volume begins with an assessment of the wider application of reliability principles in the treatment of wind loading, paying particular attention to the influence of wind direction and the role of full-scale testing in reducing uncertainty. The reader is then introduced to wind characteristics, with emphasis on strong winds and tropical cyclones; wind loading of tall buildings and low-rise structures; and instrumentation and experimental techniques for wind loading. The base balance technique for the determination of dynamic wind loads is described, along with a detailed design method for pneumatic tubing systems and a digital system for the measurement of wind effects on large structures. The final two chapters deal with active modeling of large-scale turbulence and selection of local peak pressure coefficients for wind tunnel studies of buildings. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers concerned with wind energy and wind engineering.

  • Infrared Absorption Spectra (1959)

    • 1st Edition
    • Herbert Hershenson
    • English
    Infrared Absorption Spectra: Index for 1945 -1957 contains 16,000 references to published infrared absorption spectra in 33 American and European journals and book. This index aims to provide a means for the location of published absorption spectra from 1945 to 1957, compiling references that consist of an abbreviated symbol of the journal, volume number, and page where an actual spectrum of the compound is reproduced. This book is arranged according to the compounds whose spectra are given, which is roughly similar to that used in Chemical Abstracts. This text is suitable for chemistry students and professionals conducting work on infrared absorption spectra.

  • Group Theory

    And its Application to the Quantum Mechanics of Atomic Spectra
    • 1st Edition
    • Eugene Wigner
    • English
    Group Theory: And Its Application To The Quantum Mechanics Of Atomic Spectra aims to describe the application of group theoretical methods to problems of quantum mechanics with specific reference to atomic spectra. Chapters 1 to 3 discuss the elements of linear vector theory, while Chapters 4 to 6 deal more specifically with the rudiments of quantum mechanics itself. Chapters 7 to 16 discuss the abstract group theory, invariant subgroups, and the general theory of representations. These chapters are mathematical, although much of the material covered should be familiar from an elementary course in quantum theory. Chapters 17 to 23 are specifically concerned with atomic spectra, as is Chapter 25. The remaining chapters discuss topics such as the recoupling (Racah) coefficients, the time inversion operation, and the classical interpretations of the coefficients. The text is recommended for physicists and mathematicians who are interested in the application of group theory to quantum mechanics. Those who are only interested in mathematics can choose to focus on the parts more devoted to that particular area of the subject.

  • Advances in Fracture Resistance and Structural Integrity

    • 1st Edition
    • V.V. Panasyuk + 6 more
    • English
    The 8th International Conference on Fracture (ICF8), held in Kyiv, Ukraine, attracted 550 delegates from 30 countries with over 700 papers presented. This volume contains a representative selection of 72 articles of the highest standard from internationally renowned experts in the field. Principal topics covered include: mechanics and criteria of fracture, stress-strain analysis in solids with cracks, physics and mechanics of fracture, dynamic fracture, environmental effects, temperature influence on fracture, advanced and special-purpose materials engineering applications of fracture mechanics, fracture mechanics and strength of welded joints and structures, testing techniques and failure diagnostics. For anyone working in fracture mechanics and the performance of materials, this volume provides a valuable snapshot of the major recent developments in the field.

  • Modified Cellulosics

    • 1st Edition
    • Roger Rowell
    • English
    Modified Cellulosics is a result of the proceedings of a symposium held in Chicago, Illinois, on August 29-September 1, 1977, organized by the Textile Division of the American Chemical Society. The said symposium is about cellulose modification. The book serves as a basic reference to past studies and a stepping-off point, as it includes a collection of studies about the kinds of cellulose and its applications. The studies are divided into five parts, wherein Part 1 is an introduction to the topic that consists of two award addresses; Part 2 is an overview of cellulose sources and the reaction of cellulose on modification. Part 3 explains cellulose accessibility and reactivity, and Part 4 discusses cellulose modification by grafting techniques. Part 5 covers general cellulose modification reactions. The text is recommended for those in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, and chemical engineering who want to know more about cellulose and its modifications or make a study about the subject.

  • Rarefied Gas Dynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • K Karamcheti
    • English
    Rarefied Gas Dynamics is a collection of selected papers presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics, held at Stanford University in July 1972. The book is a record of the significant advances in the broad field of Rarefied Gas Dynamics that are considered to be of general and continuing interest. The articles in this compendium are organized under 10 main topics. The text presents research papers on the kinetic theory of gases; studies and experiments on shock structures of gases; use of kinetic theory for the solution of problems in evaporation and condensation; gas expansions and jets; and techniques and methods applied to the study of rarefied gas dynamics. The book also includes works on gas-solid interactions; descriptions of basic notions of current polyatomic gas kinetics; and observation of the gas dynamic phenomena in space. Physicists, aeronautical engineers, mechanical engineers, researchers, and students in the field of aircraft design will find this book a good source of knowledge and information.

  • Developmental Plasticity

    Behavioral and Biological Aspects of Variations in Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Eugene Gollin
    • English
    Developmental Plasticity: Behavioral and Biological Aspects of Variations in Development explores the behavioral and biological aspects of variations in development from a variety of theoretical viewpoints and research contexts. Topics covered include evolution and genetic variability; sensory bases of infant perception; and learning and ethology. The infancy of human learning processes is also discussed, along with epistemology and developmental psychology. Comprised of eight chapters, this book opens with a review of the broad evolutionary landscape and the specific genetic mechanisms implicated in biological and behavioral development. It then describes the sensory apparatus available to neonatal human beings and analyzes the similarities and differences between ethological theory and learning theory. Developmental plasticity is also examined in interdisciplinary contexts, while the acquisition of behavior patterns during early postnatal development is explored from a traditional learning theory point of view. The remaining chapters focus on the role played by asymmetry in general and by cerebral asymmetry in particular in the generation of individuality; cultural and biological instances of plasticity in development; and the barriers separating epistemology from developmental psychology and psycholinguistics. This monograph will be a useful resource for developmental psychologists and other professionals devoted to child development and learning, as well as those in the fields of genetics and behavioral and biological sciences.

  • Wind Engineering 1983 3C

    Proceedings of the Sixth international Conference on Wind Engineering, Gold Coast, Australia, March 21-25, And Auckland, New Zealand, April 6-7 1983; held under the auspices of the International Association for Wind Engineering
    • 1st Edition
    • J.D. Holmes
    • English
    Wind Engineering 1983, Part C contains the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Wind Engineering, held in Gold Coast, Australia, on March 21-25, 1983 and in Auckland, New Zealand, on April 6-7, 1983 under the auspices of the International Association for Wind Engineering. The conference provided a forum for discussing topics related to wind energy and wind engineering, from internal pressures and wind-induced heat losses to wind characteristics, wind power systems, and the dispersion of gaseous pollutants. Comprised of 29 chapters, this volume begins with a detailed treatment of theory and experiment regarding the response characteristics of air pressure inside double-glazed windows. The effects of surrounding buildings on wind pressure distributions and ventilative heat losses for a single-family house are then examined, along with the nonlinearity of pressure differentials induced by wind and mechanical ventilation. Subsequent sections focus on topographic modeling of the dispersion of gaseous pollutants; the effect of wind environment on shelter; the effect of wind characteristics on structures; wind flow over hills and ridges; and wind power systems. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers concerned with wind energy and wind engineering.

  • Introduction to Applied Optics for Engineers

    • 1st Edition
    • F. Paul Carlson
    • English
    Introduction to Applied Optics for Engineers introduces the reader to applied optics and presents ideas on coherent optical data processing. Topics covered include applications and approximations for radiation fields; physical realizations of phase transformers, lenses, and systems; applications of optical filtering to data processing; and partial coherence. Several examples from bioengineering-relat... research are provided. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an introduction to the basic equations of physical optics that are derived using the wave treatment approach, resulting in the simpler geometrical (ray) optics approximation. The differential form of Maxwell's equations is considered, along with propagation in free space and Fermat's principle. The following chapters explore applications and approximations for radiation fields, with emphasis on Fraunhofer fields, circular and multiple apertures, and phase effects in apertures; physical realizations of phase transformers, lenses, and spherical and parabolic surfaces; and system transform concepts including Fourier transform representation of fields and calculation techniques for imaging through a lens. The remaining chapters focus on interface devices, interferometry, holography, and scattering. This monograph is intended for students and engineers with a traditional background in electromagnetic wave theory.

  • Liquid Scintillation Counting

    Recent Developments
    • 1st Edition
    • Philip Stanley
    • English
    Liquid Scintillation Counting: Recent Developments presents the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Liquid Scintillation Counting, held in Sydney, Australia, on August 20-22, 1973. It summarizes the current status of recent developments in Iiquid scintillation spectrometry. It looks at the important role of liquid scintillation spectrometry in universities, laboratories and institutes involved in agriculture, biomedical science, geophysics, and nuclear physics. Organized into 32 chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the scintillation process in organic molecular systems and liquid scintillation counting. It then discusses the background of a coincidence-type liquid scintillation counter, which is divided into three components. The reader is also introduced to the basic concepts involved in mathematical modeling. This volume includes papers dealing with solubilizers, spark ignition system, radiocarbon dating, benzene synthesis, liquid scintillation chemicals, luminous bacteria, and stochastic multidimensional model for liquid scintillation spectrometer. This book is a valuable source of information for scientists, agriculturists, geophysicists, and nuclear physicists.

  • Quantitative Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • Lan Lerche
    • English
    Basin Analysis: Quantitative Methods, Volume 1 discusses the problems of quantitative basin analysis in relation to oil accumulations. This book explains the three primary factors that contribute to oil occurrences. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the quantitative methods of reconstructing the burial history of sedimentary material in basins. This text then explores the problem of quantitative reconstruction of the thermal history of sedimentary basins based on both inversion of thermal indicator data and on model-derived heat fluxes. Other chapters integrate the hydrocarbon generation, accumulation, and migration modeling aspects with the burial history and thermal history. This book discusses as well the repercussions of various hydrocarbon models for oil accumulation sites. The final chapter shows how both thermal information and burial history can be combined to determine emplacement, timing, and erosion of geological events. Professional geologists, geophysicists, and petroleum exploration scientist will find this book useful.

  • Ultraviolet and Visible Absorption Spectra

    • 1st Edition
    • Herbert Hershenson
    • English
    Ultraviolet and Visible Absorption Spectra, Index for 1930-1954 is a reference volume listing of ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra in the literature. This book contains about 32,000 references to published absorption spectra in 27 important American and European journals and one book. The index is arranged according to the compounds whose spectra are given. The indexing arrangement is roughly similar to that used in Chemical Abstracts, although it has not been practical to conform to Chemical Abstracts nomenclature throughout. Wherever possible, all references for a particular compound have been listed under a single name, but there will be some instances where listings for the compound may be found under several different names. The rules used by Chemical Abstracts have been followed where practical, but some inconsistencies will be found. Researchers in the fields of organic, inorganic, and analytical chemistry will find this Index a great value.

  • Laser Speckle and Applications in Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • M Francon
    • English
    Laser Speckle and Applications in Optics focuses on developments in laser speckle techniques, with emphasis on the experimental aspect of phenomena and on applications in optics. These applications include interference with scattered light, optical processing of images, and studies of surface roughness as well as displacements and deformations of diffuse objects. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins by reviewing the elements of diffraction theory and the properties of speckle in the image of a diffuse object. The discussion then turns to speckle in the near field and interferometry with diffuse light, along with experiments in which interference patterns are produced from photographically superimposed laterally shifted speckle patterns. The following chapters consider optical processing of images modulated by speckle; deformations and displacements of diffuse objects; speckle applications in astronomy; and surface roughness measurements. The final chapter looks at the use of laser speckle to study transparent objects; the average shape of diffuse surfaces; the transfer functions and aberrations of optical systems; and the movement of diffuse objects. This monograph will be of value to physicists and researchers as well as those interested in lasers and optics.

  • Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Baker
    • English
    Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials is a collection papers that deal with the study of controlled release applications in drugs and other pharmacological products and processes. The text covers topics such as the theory and practice of controlled drug delivery from bioerodible polymers, biodegradable drug delivery systems from aliphatic polyesters, and the applications of osmotic drug delivery. Also covered are topics such as the application of polymers for the sustained release of macromolecules, controlled transdermal delivery, and the use of hydrogel devices for the controlled release of steroid hormones. The book is recommended for pharmacologists and doctors who would like to know more about advancements in the field of controlled release applications and its uses in healthcare, especially in pharmacology.

  • Reservoir Characterization

    • 1st Edition
    • Larry Lake
    • English
    Reservoir Characterization is a collection of papers presented at the Reservoir Characterization Technical Conference, held at the Westin Hotel-Galleria in Dallas on April 29-May 1, 1985. Conference held April 29-May 1, 1985, at the Westin Hotel—Galleria in Dallas. The conference was sponsored by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Reservoir characterization is a process for quantitatively assigning reservoir properties, recognizing geologic information and uncertainties in spatial variability. This book contains 19 chapters, and begins with the geological characterization of sandstone reservoir, followed by the geological prediction of shale distribution within the Prudhoe Bay field. The subsequent chapters are devoted to determination of reservoir properties, such as porosity, mineral occurrence, and permeability variation estimation. The discussion then shifts to the utility of a Bayesian-type formalism to delineate qualitative ""soft"" information and expert interpretation of reservoir description data. This topic is followed by papers concerning reservoir simulation, parameter assignment, and method of calculation of wetting phase relative permeability. This text also deals with the role of discontinuous vertical flow barriers in reservoir engineering. The last chapters focus on the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on oil reservoir. Petroleum engineers, scientists, and researchers will find this book of great value.

  • Phase Diagrams 6-II

    Materials Science and Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • Allen Alper
    • English
    Phase Diagrams: Materials Science and Technology, Volume II covers the use of phase diagrams in metals, refractories, ceramics, and cements. Divided into 10 chapters, this volume first describes the main features of phase diagrams representing systems in which the oxygen pressure is an important parameter, starting with binary systems and proceeding toward the more complicated ternary and quaternary systems. The subsequent chapters discuss the application of phase diagrams in several refractory systems. A chapter covers the procedures used for cement production and some of the available phase-equilibrium data and their application to specific situations. This volume also deals with the application of phase diagrams to extraction metallurgy, with an emphasis on oxide systems, as well as in ceramic and metal sintering. The concluding chapters explore the relationship of heat treatment of metals and alloys to their phase diagrams. These chapters also deal with the use of phase diagrams in several techniques of joining metals, such as fusion welding, brazing, solid-state bonding, and soldering. This volume will be useful to all scientists, engineers, and materials science students who are investigating and developing materials, as well as to the end users of the materials.

  • Metal matrix composites: Processing and Interfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • R Everett
    • English
    Metal Matrix Composites: Processing and Interfaces provides a unified source of information on metal matrix composites (MMCs). This book contains three parts. Part 1 provides the introductory overview, focusing on the historical perspective on the state of the composites field. The synthesis and processing details on some standard and novel techniques used to fabricate composites are discussed in Part 2. Part 3 is devoted to reviewing techniques in probing, modeling, and modifying composite interfaces. Other topics include the diffusion brazing techniques, chemical vapor deposition, and in situ reinforcement of MMCs. The deformation processing of metal mixtures and optimizing properties of deformation-processe... metal/metal composites are also covered in this text. This publication is useful to engineering students studying the processing and interfaces of MMCs.

  • Heterostructure Lasers Part A

    • 1st Edition
    • H.C. Jr. Casey
    • English
    Heterostructure Lasers, Part A: Fundamental Principles deals with the fundamental principles, preparation, and operating characteristics of heterostructure lasers. Each major topic is introduced along with the basic laws that govern the observed phenomena. The expressions relevant to heterostructure lasers are derived from the basic laws, and realistic numerical examples based on the GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure are given. This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with a discussion on some of the early studies of injection lasers and an overview of the fundamental concepts of heterostructure lasers. Stimulated emission and room temperature continuous-wave operation with injection lasers are described, together with the fundamentals of waveguiding, gain, and carrier confinement in heterostructures. Optical fields and wave propagation are considered, along with slab-electric waveguides; the relationships between absorption, stimulated emission, and spontaneous emission; optical absorption and emission rates in semiconductors; and electrical properties of heterojunctions. This monograph will be of interest to physicists.

  • Auger Electron Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • C.L. Briant
    • English
    Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Volume 30: Auger Electron Spectroscopy examines Auger electron spectroscopy and its various uses, emphasizing both theoretical and experimental studies. This book discusses the historical development of auger electron spectroscopy, studies of surface segregation kinetics by auger electron spectroscopy, and local electronic structure information in auger electron spectroscopy. The metallurgical applications of auger electron spectroscopy and auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy are also elaborated. Other topics include the measurement of surface segregation kinetics by Auger electron spectroscopy, tempered martensite embrittlement, embrittlement of nonferrous alloys, and analysis of particle-matrix interfaces. The high-resolution scanning Auger electron spectroscopy, corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and APECS instrumentation are likewise covered in this publication. This volume is suitable for researchers and electrical engineering students conducting work on Auger electron spectroscopy.

  • Flow Visualization

    • 1st Edition
    • Wolfgang Merzkirch
    • English
    Flow Visualization describes the most widely used methods for visualizing flows. Flow visualization evaluates certain properties of a flow field directly accessible to visual perception. Organized into five chapters, this book first presents the methods that create a visible flow pattern that could be investigated by visual inspection, such as simple dye and density-sensitive visualization methods. It then deals with the application of electron beams and streaming birefringence. Optical methods for compressible flows, hydraulic analogy, and high-speed photography are discussed in other chapters. With appropriate flow pictures, this book tries to distinguish the various methods and the range of their applicability by outlining the physical principles on which each method is based.

  • Treatise on Materials Science and Technology

    Ultrarapid Quenching of Liquid Alloys
    • 1st Edition
    • Herbert Herman
    • English
    Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Volume 20: Ultrarapid Quenching of Liquid Alloys investigates the relationship between the science and utility of materials, with emphasis on the ultrarapid quenching of liquid alloys. Topics covered range from rapid solidification of non-metals and crystalline iron-base alloys to corrosion behavior of amorphous alloys. Experimental methods in rapid quenching from the melt are also discussed. This volume is comprised of nine chapters and begins with a historical overview of various methods that have evolved for producing rapidly solidified materials. The criteria for the formation of highly metastable states and how these relate to experiment are described. Subsequent chapters explore rapid solidification of non-metals; the industrial implications of rapid solidification of iron-based alloys by means of plasma spraying; annealing effects in metallic glasses; and the corrosion behavior of amorphous alloys. The mechanical properties of metallic glasses are also considered, along with the electrical properties of rapidly solidified materials. This book should be of interest to materials scientists and engineers as well as metallurgists, researchers, and students.

  • Dynamical Collision Theory and Its Applications

    • 1st Edition
    • Sadhan Adhikari
    • English
    Dynamical Collision Theory and Its Applications reviews some of the powerful methods that have evolved for calculating the predictions of dynamical collision theory. Topics range from scattering theory to potential scattering, three- and four-particle scattering, multiparticle scattering, many-particle Lippmann-Schwinger equations, and the connected-kernel approach. This book is comprised of nine chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the quantum theory of scattering. This topic is followed by a discussion on two-particle potential scattering and various methods for calculating off-shell two-body amplitudes as well as approximating them by finite-rank forms. The next chapters focus on the interpretation and applicability of the multichannel, multiparticle Lippmann-Schwinger equations, along with the known N-particle connected-kernel integral equations and their physical predictions. Descriptions of contemporary field-theoretical and relativistic approaches, such as the Dirac phenomenology for intermediate energy nucleon-nucleus scattering, are included. The singularity structure of multiparticle amplitudes and the associated dispersion-relation techniques are also considered. This book concludes by describing the relationship between the conventional (optical potentials, multiple-scattering theories, and the coupled-reaction channel and resonating-group methods) and the few-body approaches. This text is primarily intended for chemists, physicists, and graduate students interested in general scattering theory; intermediate and low-energy hadron and nuclear physics; atomic and molecular physics; statistical mechanics; and physical and quantum chemistry. There are a number of topics in this book that will be interesting to both mathematicians and particle physicists, as well as advanced graduate students in courses that involve collision theory.

  • Control and Dynamic Systems V27

    Advances in Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • C.T. Leonides
    • English
    Control and Dynamic Systems: Advances in Theory and Application, Volume 27: System Identification and Adaptive Control, Part 3 of 3 deals with system parameter identification and adaptive control. It presents useful techniques for adaptive control systems. This volume begins by presenting a powerful approach to multivariable model reference adaptive control based on the ideas and techniques of disturbance-accommod... control theory. It then discusses the modeling of biological systems; optimal control for air conditioning systems; linear programming for constrained multivariable process control; finite element approximation; development of irreducible state space singular systems; and discrete systems with multiple time scales. This book is an important reference for practitioners in the field who want a comprehensive source of techniques with significant applied implications.

  • Thermal Analysis V2

    Inorganic Materials and Physical Chemistry
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert F. Jr. Schwenker
    • English
    Thermal Analysis, Volume 2: Inorganic Materials and Physical Chemistry covers the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Thermal Analysis, held in Holy Cross College, Worcester, Massachusetts on August 18-23, 1968. This symposium surveys the various methods and applications of thermal analysis, as well as the distribution of various aspects of thermal analysis in different countries. This book is organized into four sections encompassing 51 chapters, and begins with discussion on the application of differential thermal analysis to metallurgical inorganic materials and reactions for industrial process optimization. These topics are followed by a consideration of other techniques, such as X-ray methods and thermography. The Physical Chemistry part highlights the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of various chemical reactions, including oxidation and polymerization, using thermogravimetry and calorimetry techniques. The following part focuses on mineral analysis using combined techniques of thermoanalytic-mass spectrometry and differential thermal analysis-thermogravi... The last part deals with the application of thermal analysis in applied sciences.

  • The Chemical Technology of Wood

    • 1st Edition
    • Harmann Wenzl
    • English
    The Chemical Technology of Wood is an eight-chapter introductory text on the developments in understanding the chemistry of wood and its chemical-technologic... utilization. The opening chapters of this book cover the productive aspects of forests, followed by a description of the anatomy and physical properties of wood. The subsequent chapter presents a summative wood analysis concerning its cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and other extraneous components. This topic is followed by a presentation of several destructive processing of wood, including acid hydrolysis, pyrolysis, oxidation, and hydrogenolysis. The remaining chapters describe the pulp production through sulfite cooking and using alkaline reagents. This book will prove useful to chemists, engineers, biologists, foresters, and economists.

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