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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Extractive Metallurgy of Copper

    • 3rd Edition
    • A.K. Biswas + 1 more
    • English
    A completely revised and up-to-date edition containing comprehensive industrial data. The many significant changes which occurred during the 1980s and 1990s are chronicled. Modern high intensity smelting processes are presented in detail, specifically flash, Contop, Isasmelt, Noranda, Teniente and direct-to-blister smelting. Considerable attention is paid to the control of SO2 emissions and manufacture of H2SO4. Recent developments in electrorefining, particularly stainless steel cathode technology are examined. Leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning are evaluated together with their impact upon optimizing mineral resource utilization. The volume targets the recycling of copper and copper alloy scrap as an increasingly important source of copper and copper alloys. Copper quality control is also discussed and the book incorporates an important section on extraction economics.Each chapter is followed by a summary of concepts previously described and offers suggested further reading and references.

  • The Structure of Western Europe

    • 1st Edition
    • J. G. C. Anderson
    • English
    After a brief account of the stratigraphy in each case, the author summarises the structure of the main tectonic units of Western Europe, the units being defined within the framework of Precambrian, Caledonian, Hercynian and Alpine structures. The work provides accounts of these structural units both for geological study in general and for field visits for advanced school level and research students. A useful complementary volume to 'The Structure of the British Isles' (Anderson and Owen).

  • Principles of Ocean Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 38
    • John R. Apel
    • William L. Donn
    • English
    In recent years, significant advances in both the theoretical and observational sides of physical oceanography have allowed the ocean's physical behavior to be described more quantitatively. This book discusses the physical mechanisms and processes of the sea, and will be valuable not only to oceanographers but also physicists, graduate students, and scientists working in dynamics or optics of the marine environment.

  • Computer Applications in Resource Estimation

    Prediction and Assessment for Metals and Petroleum
    • 1st Edition
    • G. Gaal + 1 more
    • English
    Quantitative resource assessment methods play an increasing role in exploration for petroleum, water and minerals. This volume presents an international review on the state-of-the-art of the computerized methodology in resource exploration. The papers taken from those presented at the symposium are classified to either techniques, i.e., trend analysis; classification techniques; geostatistics; image analysis; expert systems/artificial intelligence; inventories; tomography and others, or to resources, i.e., petroleum, water, metals and non-metals.

  • Mine Openings: Stability and Support

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 40
    • J. Aldorf + 1 more
    • English
    In this book, the authors present a review of the methods used for the solution of problems of stability and support of mine workings, based on the study and analysis of the validity conditions of individual theoretical computing procedures. The classification of these methods, based on the analysis of factors determining the behaviour of a system of mine openings, should contribute to the greater objectivity of decisions connected with the management and control of mining operations and, from the educational point of view, enable the intricate problems of stability to be better understood. Chapters dealing with support structures and technologies of support review the present state of the art with special reference to problems prevailing in Europe where mining is carried out under continuously deteriorating and less favourable natural conditions.The authors have assembled the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary for those to whom the book is addressed, namely, practising mining engineers and project managers, and students and graduates in mining colleges and schools.

  • Soil Mechanics of Earthworks, Foundations and Highway Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    This is the third volume of a handbook which covers the whole field of soil mechanics, discussing deterministic and stochastic theories and methods, and showing how they can be used in conjunction with one another. The first volume discusses soil physics, while the second deals with the determination of physical characteristics of the soil. Australian Mining wrote of the Handbook ``a valuable addition to the extensive literature on the topic and will be found to be more useful than most.''The main objective of the third volume is to present solutions to the problems of engineering practice. It deals with the most important theoretical and practical problems of soil mechanics, discussing the following in detail: stability of earthworks, load-bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations, design of pile foundations, soil mechanics in road construction, improving the physical properties of soils, the characteristics of soil dynamics, foundations for machines and soil behaviour as affected by earthquakes. The book not only presents up-to-date deterministic methods, but also discusses solutions of probability theory in the fields of design and safety.The book is divided into six chapters covering the stability of slopes, landslides, load-bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations and pile foundations, soil mechanics in road construction, and the improvement of the physical characteristics of soil with special emphasis on machine foundations and earthquakes, giving detailed treatment of each subject. For example, the first chapter deals not only with the stability of slopes, but also discusses the natural and artificial effects, slope protection, filter design, stresses in embankments, and the time factor. In this way, the book gives a clear and comprehensive picture of the special fields of soil mechanics and its subjects. It is therefore emminently suitable for postgraduate engineers, and engineers working in the fields of geotechnics, earthworks, foundations, road construction, engineering geology and statistics, and the design of structures.

  • Coal and Coalbed Gas

    Fueling the Future
    • 1st Edition
    • Romeo M. Flores
    • English
    Bridging the gap in expertise between coal and coalbed gas, subfields in which opportunities for cross training have been nonexistent, Coal and Coalbed Gas sets the standard for publishing in these areas. This book treats coal and coalbed gas as mutually inclusive commodities in terms of their interrelated origin, accumulation, composition, distribution, generation, and development, providing a balanced understanding of this energy mix. Currently considered a non-renewable energy resource, coalbed gas, or coalbed methane, is a form of natural gas extracted from coal beds. In recent years, countries have begun to seek and exploit coal for its clean gas energy in an effort to alleviate environmental issues that come with coal use, making a book on this topic particularly timely. This volume takes into account processes of coalification, gasification, and storage and reservoir characterization and evaluation and looks at water management and environmental impacts as well.

  • Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology

    • 1st Edition
    • Swapan Kumar Haldar
    • English
    Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology presents the essentials of both disciplines through an approach accessible to industry professionals, academic researchers, and students. Mineralogy and petrology stand as the backbone of the geosciences. Detailed knowledge of minerals and rocks and the process of formation and association are essential for practicing professionals and advanced students. This book is designed as an accessible, step-by-step guide to exploring, retaining, and implementing the core concepts of mineral and hydrocarbon exploration, mining, and extraction. Each topic is fully supported by working examples, diagrams and full-color images. The inclusion of petroleum, gas, metallic deposits and economic aspects enhance the book’s value as a practical reference for mineralogy and petrology. Authored by two of the world’s premier experts, this book is a must for any young professional, researcher, or student looking for a thorough and inclusive guide to mineralogy and petrology in a single source.

  • Inverse Problem Theory

    Methods for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation
    • 1st Edition
    • A. Tarantola
    • English
    Inverse Problem Theory is written for physicists, geophysicists and all scientists facing the problem of quantitative interpretation of experimental data. Although it contains a lot of mathematics, it is not intended as a mathematical book, but rather tries to explain how a method of acquisition of information can be applied to the actual world.The book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date description of the methods to be used for fitting experimental data, or to estimate model parameters, and to unify these methods into the Inverse Problem Theory. The first part of the book deals with discrete problems and describes Maximum likelihood, Monte Carlo, Least squares, and Least absolute values methods. The second part deals with inverse problems involving functions.The book is almost completely self-contained, with all important concepts carefully introduced. Although theoretical concepts are strongly emphasized, the author has ensured that all the useful formulas are listed, with many special cases included. The book will thus serve equally well as a reference manual for researchers needing to refresh their memories on a given algorithm, or as a textbook in a course for undergraduate or graduate students.

  • Seismic Stratigraphy and Depositional Facies Models

    • 1st Edition
    • P.C.H. Veeken
    • English
    The 2e of Seismic Stratigraphy and Depositional Facies Models summarizes basic seismic interpretation techniques and demonstrates the benefits of integrated reservoir studies for hydrocarbon exploration. Topics are presented from a practical point of view and are supported by well-illustrated case histories. The reader is taken from a basic level to more advanced study techniques. The presented modern geophysical techniques allow more accurate prediction of the changes in subsurface geology. Dynamics of sedimentary environments are discussed their relation to global controling factors, and a link is made to high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. The interest in seismic stratigraphic techniques to interpret reflection datasets is well established. The advent of sophisticated subsurface reservoir studies and 4D monitoring for optimizing the hydrocarbon production in existing fields demonstrate the importance of the 3D seismic methodology. The added value of reflection seismics to the petroleum industry has clearly been proven over the last few decades. Seismic profiles and 3D cubes form a vast and robust data source to unravel the structure of the subsurface. Larger offsets and velocity anisotropy effects give access to more details on reservoir flow properties like fracture density, porosity and permeability distribution. Elastic inversion and modeling may tell something about the change in petrophysical parameters. Seismic investigations provide a vital tool for the delineation of subtle hydrocarbon traps, and they are the basis for understanding the regional basin framework and the stratigraphic subdivision. Seismic stratigraphy combines two very different scales of observation: the seismic and well control. The systematic approach applied in seismic stratigraphy explains why many workers are using the principles to evaluate their seismic observations.

  • The Mendip Caves

    • 3rd Edition
    • H. E. Balch
    • English
    The Mendip Caves examines the demographic features of Wookey Hole caves, and the Cheddar gorge and caves. This book contains eight chapters that discuss the history of the places and the caves. The first chapters addresses some important exploration of the subterranean river, Cox’s cave, Gough’s cave, Swallet caves, Rock shelters, and the Badger Hole. The succeeding chapters describe the great Cave of Wookey Hole; characteristics and personalities of the people living in the cave; description of the noises heard inside the cave; the discovery and historical background of the cave; and detailed description of Valley of Wookey Hole and the Gorge of Ebbor. Other chapters examine the artefacts discovered in the cave, the traditions and daily activities done inside the cave, and the antiquity of the caves of Mendip. The last chapters explore the caves and shelters of eastern Mendip, as well as the Levvy of Sandford Hill. The book can provide useful information to the archaeologists, explorers, students, and researchers.

  • Microclimate for Cultural Heritage

    Conservation, Restoration, and Maintenance of Indoor and Outdoor Monuments
    • 2nd Edition
    • Dario Camuffo
    • English
    Microclimate for Cultural Heritage: Conservation and Restoration of Indoor and Outdoor Monuments, Second Edition, is a cutting-edge, theoretical, and practical handbook concerning microclimate, environmental factors, and conservation of cultural heritage. Although the focus is on cultural heritage objects, most of the theory and instrumental methodologies are common to other fields of application, such as atmospheric and environmental sciences. Microclimate for Cultural Heritage, Second Edition, is a useful treatise on microphysics and a practical handbook for conservators and specialists in physics, chemistry, architecture, engineering, geology, and biology who work in the multidisciplinary field of the environment, and, in particular, in the conservation of works of art. Part I, devoted to applied theory, is a concise treatise on microphysics, which includes a survey on the basic ideas of environmental diagnosis and conservation. The second part of the book focuses on practical utilization, and shows in detail how field surveys should be performed, with many suggestions and examples, as well as some common errors to avoid.

  • Themes in the Historical Geography of France

    • 1st Edition
    • Hugh D. Clout
    • English
    Themes in the Historical Geography of France compiles several selected themes in the historical geography of France. This book discusses the practice of historical geography in France; peopling and the origins of settlement; early urban development; and retreat of rural settlement. The regional contrasts in agrarian structure; reclamation of coastal marshland; petite culture on 1750-1850; and reclamation of wasteland during the 18th and 19th centuries are also elaborated. This compilation likewise covers the historical geography of Western France; urban growth on 1500-1900; and agricultural change and industrial development in the 18th and 19th centuries. This publication is beneficial to historians and geographers aiming to acquire knowledge of the historical geography of France.

  • Basic Cartography: For Students and Technicians; Exercise Manual

    • 1st Edition
    • R W Anson + 1 more
    • English
    Basic Cartography: For Students and Technicians; Exercise Manual

  • Mining Research

    Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the University of Missouri, February, 1961
    • 1st Edition
    • George B. Clark
    • English
    Mining Research is a collection of research papers presented at the International Symposium on Mining Research, held at the University Of Missouri in February 1961. The compendium contains a wide array of investigations into various categories of mining research. Two prominent research categories are dynamic and static rock mechanics, and explosives and blasting. The book presents research papers that deal with subjects on the fundamentals and performance of ammonium nitrate-fuel-surfact... explosives; evaluation of explosive performance; mine environmental studies; spectroscopic analysis of ores; and using techniques of statistical analysis to plan sampling programs. Geologists and mining engineers will find the book very insightful.

  • Annotated Bibliographies of Mineral Deposits in Africa, Asia (Exclusive of the USSR) and Australasia

    • 1st Edition
    • John Drew Ridge
    • English
    Annotated Bibliographies of Mineral Deposits in Africa, Asia (Exclusive of the USSR) and Australasia brings together annotated bibliographies of mineral deposits in Africa, Asia (with the exception of the USSR), and Australasia. Each bibliography is followed by notes to show the deposit's location; geological framework; age and type; structural and stratigraphic relations; conditions of formation; and position in the modified Lindgren classification. Comprised of 25 chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the more important sources of references in the bibliographies, set down in alphabetical order with the number of references provided by each source. The distribution of deposits by continent and country follows. The deposits include molybdenum, nickel, copper, lead, and tin. Eruptive rocks, the metamorphic cycle, and the mineralization process are addressed, along with liquid immiscibility between silicate magmas and sulfide melts; the geology, mineralogy, and petrology of ore deposits in various mines; and the significance of mineralized breccia pipes. This book will be of value to mineralogists, geologists, and earth and mineral scientists as well as students interested in ore deposits.

  • Trends in Geography

    An Introductory Survey
    • 1st Edition
    • Ronald U. Cooke + 1 more
    • English
    Trends in Geography: An Introductory Survey reviews trends in geography, including physical geography, human geography, and applied geography. Topics covered include progress in geomorphology, meteorology, climatology, hydrology, historical geography, transport geography, and industrial geography, along with the geography of rural settlements and the ecology of agricultural systems. The importance of geography in area studies is also discussed. This book is comprised of 26 chapters and begins by tracing developments in the field of geography, followed by a discussion on the study of soils in geography and the economic geography of agriculture. The following chapters explore the diversity of urban geography; the role of geography in physical planning and economic planning; planning studies in rural areas; and geographical research on local government. A cultural and historical perspective in area studies is presented by citing the case of Latin America. The final chapter is devoted to geographical studies of developing areas, focusing on the case of tropical Africa. This monograph will be of interest to teachers, students, and practitioners of geography.

  • Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns: Rockstore 77

    Proceedings of the First International Symposium, Stockholm, 5–8 September 1977
    • 1st Edition
    • Magnus Bergman
    • English
    Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns: Rockstore 77, Volume 1 contains the proceedings of the First International Symposium on Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns held in Stockholm, Sweden, on September 5-8, 1977. The symposium provided a forum for discussing subsurface storage in excavated rock caverns and tackled topics ranging from environmental demands to legislation and safety, economic factors, and experience from existing underground facilities. Technical problems in conjunction with the design and construction of these large underground storage caverns are also considered. Comprised of 33 chapters, this volume begins by looking into the demand for subsurface storage. The first chapter describes the initial and final screening criteria used to identify existing mine sites suitable for the storage of crude oil for the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program. The discussion then turns to Japan's primary energy supply, underground hydrocarbon storage, and considerations on their engineering features. Subsequent chapters focus on the use of underground openings excavated in volcanic tuffs in the Cappodocia area in Turkey; the economics of underground gas storage; thermal energy storage in large underground systems and buildings; and storage of additional heat in the use of heat pumps. Underground storage in sewerage systems is also examined. This monograph will be of interest to engineers, contractors, consultants, government officials, representatives of the oil and natural gas industry, and others already involved in or planning to use cavern storage technology.

  • Mazon Creek Fossils

    • 1st Edition
    • Matthew H. Nitecki
    • English
    Mazon Creek Fossils documents the proceedings of a Symposium on Mazon Creek Fossils held at the campus of the University of Michigan during the annual meeting of the North-Central section of the Geological Society of America, 1 May 1978. The present volume contains most of the papers presented at that meeting, and two contributions prepared for it but not delivered in Ann Arbor. The volume is divided into four parts. Part contains papers on sedimentation, fossil distribution, and the origin of the concretions. Part II on paleobotany includes studies on soft-sediment cementation enclosing Mazon plant fossils and diversity and stratigraphic Age of the Mazon Creek flora. The papers in Part III focus on invertebrate paleontology. It includes studies on soft-bodied coelenterates in the Pennsylvanian of Illinois and the centipedes (Chilopoda) of the Mazon Creek. Part IV on vertebrate paleontology includes papers on fishes of the Mazon Creek Fauna and Amphibamus grandiceps as a possible frog ancestor.

  • The Development Potential of Precambrian Mineral Deposits

    Natural Resources and Energy Division, U.N. Department of Technical Co-Operation for Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    The Development Potential of Precambrian Mineral Deposits covers several aspects of Precambrian mineral resource potential and assessment towards mineral exploration and mineral reserves. This book contains 27 chapters and begins with an overview of the world production and consumption of certain minerals. The next chapters describe the physical and chemical characteristics of certain mineral ores, as well as the mineral content of certain rock assemblages. These topics are followed by discussions of the geographical distribution of some ores, including discovered metal bearing zones in Africa. Considerable chapters are devoted to exploration techniques in tropical, temperate, and sub-arctic Precambrian areas. The remaining chapters examine the action of metamorphic and other geological processes in mobilizing ore minerals. The book will prove useful to geologists, researchers, and geology students.

  • Alluvial Prospecting and Mining

    • 2nd Edition
    • S. V. Griffith
    • English
    Alluvial Prospecting and Mining (Second Revised Edition) focuses on the emergence of improved mining techniques and methods used in the excavation of alluvial deposits. The book first offers information on the prospecting methods, sampling, and valuation. Discussions focus on preliminary systematic prospecting, drilling in difficult ground, supervision of drilling, rate of excavation, pitting and drilling compared, sampling of bore holes, and calculation of reserves. The publication then examines water supply, including earth dams, spillways, leats, ditches, or canals, and design of pipelines. The manuscript ponders on sluicing and dry concentration of minerals. Topics include rock pavements, undercurrents, false bottoms, glean up, tailings, ground sluicing, water required, exploitation of plants, electrostatic separation, and high intensity magnetic separators. The book also reviews forward preparation of overburden, hydraulic mining, and gravel pumping. The publication is a dependable reference for miners and readers interested in alluvial prospecting and mining.

  • Principles of Geochemical Prospecting

    Techniques of Prospecting for Non-Ferrous Ores and Rare Metals
    • 1st Edition
    • I. I. Ginzburg
    • Earl Ingerson
    • English
    International Series of Monographs on Earth Sciences, Volume 3: Principles of Geochemical Prospecting: Techniques of Prospecting for Non-Ferrous Ores and Rare Metals covers the developments of theoretical premises of geochemical prospecting based on existing theories of endogenic and exogenic ore-formation. This volume is divided into 13 chapters, and begins with a presentation of the problems originating in geochemical prospecting. The next chapters evaluate the relative importance of different prospecting methods. Considerable chapters are devoted to a generalized view of prospecting work in different geologic, pedologic, climatic, and orographic environments. The remaining chapters are concerned with the clarification and an explanation of certain regularities, which could serve as the basis of a rational orientation of geochemical prospecting. This book is an invaluable source for geochemical prospectors, geologists, and geophysicists.

  • Oceanography and Surface Layer Meteorology in the B/C Scale

    Global Atmospheric Research Program Atlantic Tropical Experiment (Gate)
    • 1st Edition
    • Gerold Siedler
    • English
    Oceanography and Surface Layer in Meteorology in the B/C Scale is a collection of papers that deals with the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers in the region in or close to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Eastern Atlantic. Papers discuss global atmospheric circulation to improve weather prediction and climate modeling in line with the objectives of the Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP). In particular, the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) addresses the means of estimating the effects of smaller tropical weather systems on synoptic scale circulations. GATE also facilitates the development of numerical modeling and prediction methods. One paper compares a mathematical representation of the transport of energy by convective clouds and the cloud free environment with a relationship based on the physical structure of the cloud and environment. Another paper analyzes model simulations made for various upwelling velocities, rainfall events, wind stress events, diurnal heating cycles, and internal tidal forcing using the GATE dominant scales of tropical weather systems. The model simulations show that in the GATE C-Scale demarcation area, no single process dominates. The collection will be appreciated by meteorologists, environmentalists, merchant marines, students studying hydrology, and by people working in the general earth sciences.

  • Mendip: Its Swallet Caves and Rock Shelters

    • 2nd Edition
    • H. E. Balch
    • English
    Mendip - Its Swallet Caves and Rock Shelters, Second Edition provides detailed descriptions of caves and rock shelters of the Mendip Hills. The book contains photographs, surveys, and descriptions of rock caves in Mendip Hills such as Swildon's Hole, Long Wood Swallet, Eastwater Cavern, Lamb Lair, and G.B. Cave. Also included are descriptions of the caves of the Burrington District, western and eastern Mendip, and discussions on the antiquity of the Mendip caves and the distribution of the Mendip swallets. Spelunkers or potholers and speleologists will find the book very informative and interesting.

  • Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling

    • 3rd Edition
    • Volume 98
    • Roger A Pielke Sr
    • English
    The 3rd edition of Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling is a fully revised resource for researchers and practitioners in the growing field of meteorological modeling at the mesoscale. Pielke has enhanced the new edition by quantifying model capability (uncertainty) by a detailed evaluation of the assumptions of parameterization and error propagation. Mesoscale models are applied in a wide variety of studies, including weather prediction, regional and local climate assessments, and air pollution investigations.

  • Seismic Data Analysis Techniques in Hydrocarbon Exploration

    • 1st Edition
    • Enwenode Onajite
    • English
    Seismic Data Analysis Techniques in Hydrocarbon Exploration explains the fundamental concepts and skills used to acquire seismic data in the oil industry and the step-by-step techniques necessary to extract the sections that trap hydrocarbons as well as seismic data interpretation skills. It enhances the ability to interpret seismic data and use that data for basin evaluation, structural modeling of a fault, reservoir characterization, rock physics analysis, field development, and production studies. Understanding and interpreting seismic data is critical to oil and gas exploration companies. Arming young geoscientists with a reference that covers the key principles of seismic data analysis will enhance their job knowledge, skills and performance. A fundamental grasp of seismic data enhances employability and aids scientists in functioning effectively when working with seismic data in industry.

  • Measurements from Maps

    Principles and Methods of Cartometry
    • 1st Edition
    • D H Maling
    • English
    Measurements from Maps: Principles and Methods of Cartometry describes the accuracy of a variety of measurement techniques that may be used in many fields of science, administration and travel. This book is composed of 23 chapters, and begins with a description of the nature and applications of cartometry. The succeeding chapters deal with methods of measuring distance and area, sources of measurement errors and their analysis, cartometric sampling, the concept of accurate map, and the magnitude of cartometric deformations. These topics are followed by discussions of aerial photograph measurements and the precision of different methods, as well as their suitability for different kind of work. This book also looks into the probabilistic methods of distance measurement, and the geometrical, planimetric, and point-counting methods of area measurement. The last chapters consider the application of digital computer in cartometry and the measurement on Mercator's projection.

  • Mathematical Aspects of Seismology

    Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics
    • 1st Edition
    • Markus Båth
    • English
    Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics, 4: Mathematical Aspects of Seismology introduces studies of the more advanced parts of theoretical seismology. The manuscript first ponders on contour integration and conformal transformation, methods of stationary phase and steepest descent, and series integration. Discussions focus on Love waves in heterogeneous isotropic media, Laguerre's differential equation, Hermite's differential equation, method of steepest descent, method of stationary phase, contour integration in the complex plane, and conformal transformation. The text then examines series integration, Bessel functions, Legendre functions, and wave equations. Topics include general considerations of the wave equation, expansion of a spherical wave into plane waves, common features of special functions and special differential equations, applications of Legendre functions, Legendre polynomials, Bessel's differential equation, and properties of Bessel coefficients. The book explores the influence of gravity on wave propagation, matrix calculus, wave propagation in liquid media, integral equations, calculus of variations, and integral transforms. The text is a valuable source of data for researchers wanting to study the mathematical aspects of seismology.

  • Aeronomy

    • 1st Edition
    • P. M. Banks + 1 more
    • English
    Aeronomy, Part A is an attempt to make a comprehensive exposition of the processes in aeronomy, the study of composition, movement, and thermal balance of the upper regions of the planetary atmosphere. The text covers topics such as atmospheric regions and atmospheric density, the temperature and molecular mass of the atmosphere; the permanent constituents and the molecular and isotonic composition of the homosphere; and the transition from the homosphere to the heterosphere. Also covered are topics such as the temperature gradient and energies in the thermosphere, conditions at 200km and above 250km, solar radiation and ionization, and aeronomic reactions. The book is recommended for scientists, especially natural physicists, who would like to know more about the field of aeronomy and its advances.

  • Clays and Clay Minerals

    Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals
    • 1st Edition
    • Ada Swineford
    • English
    Earth Sciences, Volume 11: Clays and Clay Minerals covers the proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals, held at the Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana on October 5-8, 1960, sponsored by the Committee on Clay Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences – National Research Council. The Conference features two symposia, namely, the “Engineering Aspects of Physico-Chemical Properties of Clays” and the “Clay-Organic Complexes”. This book is composed of 42 chapters and begins with descriptions of the mechanical, structural, thermodynamic, physical, and thermal properties of clay minerals. The succeeding chapters are devoted to certain reactions, theoretical and experimental aspects, occurrence, formation, and sorption properties of these minerals. Other chapters explore other involved mineral reactions, including interlamellar, cation exchange, swelling, and adsorption. The concluding chapters examine the viscometric constants of suspension, stabilization mechanism, and random growth of certain clay minerals. This book will be of value to geologists, mineralogists, and researchers in the field.

  • Waves on Beaches and Resulting Sediment Transport

    Proceedings of an Advanced Seminar, Conducted by the Mathematics Research Center, the University of Wisconsin, and the Coastal Engineering Research Center, U. S. Army, at Madison, October 11–13, 1971
    • 1st Edition
    • R. E. Meyer
    • English
    Waves on Beaches and Resulting Sediment Transport documents the proceedings of an Advanced Seminar held in October, 1971, aiming to offer a coherent, interdisciplinary view of the state of physical research in coastal oceanography and the direction in which this subject is moving. The articles range from wave refraction to littoral erosion, and the authors from geologists to mathematicians. The book opens with a study on the characteristics of wave records in the coastal zone. This is followed by separate chapters on sediment transport in beaches; equations for water waves; small-amplitude normal oscillations of a liquid body; and wave behavior near caustics in models and in nature. Subsequent chapters deal with nonlinear wave interaction in a variety of physical phenomena including deep water waves; the study of longshore currents; sediment suspension by periodic waves; forms of sediment accumulation in the beach zone; run-up on beaches; and the wave breaking process in shallow water.

  • Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology

    • 1st Edition
    • Payson D. Sheets + 1 more
    • English
    Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology deals with dating, chronology, stratigraphy, volcanic activity, and with the impacts of volcanism on animals, plants, human populations, and the environment. Some of the chapters explain how such findings must be weighed against other causes that influence human behavior and survival, such as factors of social customs, climatic change, shifting biogeographic patterns, disease, and the ability to adapt. Each of the chapters that assess the possible human response to volcanism does so by searching for multiple explanations of the archaeological record, avoiding the simple argument that people were dramatically and inevitably overcome by catastrophic geologic events. The book begins with discussions of volcanism as seen by geologists and pedologists. These include s a general overview of volcanoes and volcanism; a review of the production, dispersal, and properties of tephra and of the geologic methods used to study tephra; and the nature of volcanic soils and their economic impact. Subsequent chapters use the geologic and modern records to examine volcanoes as hazards to people. The final series of papers deals with the interrelationships between volcanism and human occupations as seen through the archaeological, paleobotanical, and paleozoological records.

  • Notes on Meteorology

    • 3rd Edition
    • J.F. Kemp + 1 more
    • English
    Notes on Meteorology is intended to provide practical knowledge of meteorology. It describes some of the more common theory of weather phenomena as simply as possible. Drawings of instruments in this volume were from the Admiralty Manual of Seamanship while the map of the weather forecast areas supplied by the Meteorological Office. This second edition of the book contains several alterations in numerical quantities to reflect the changeover to metrication with SI units. Some chapters were revised and introductory notes were added on topics such as facsimile plotting and weather routeing in order the fulfill the book's original purpose of providing a basic text on meteorology for examination candidates, yachtsmen and all interested in the subject of weather. This book will be of interest to students studying for their examinations and others interested in meteorology, particularly yachtsmen.

  • Geochemistry of Organic Substances

    International Series of Monographs in Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • S. M. Manskaya + 1 more
    • Dean Earl Ingerson
    • English
    Geochemistry of Organic Substances, Volume 28 correlates ideas regarding the composition and transformation of decomposition products of organisms in natural processes with phenomena of migration and the concentration of chemical elements by organic substances in sedimentary rocks. This book presents theories regarding the chemical structure of natural compounds that work as progenitors for the formation of naturally-occurring organic substances. Organized into two parts encompassing 12 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the biosynthesis and the metabolism of organic substances that characterize the intermediate compounds. This text then examines the formation of fossil substances, which occurs in various stages and depends on several factors. Other chapters consider the role of the organic substances of coal in the geochemical cycle of carbon. This book discusses as well the composition and distribution of the organic substances in water and sediments of basins of various types. The final chapter deals with the significant role of fossil organic matter at various stages of its formation. This book is a valuable resource for botanists, geochemists, paleobiochemists, and coal chemists.

  • Field Instrumentation in Geotechnical Engineering

    A Symposium Organised by the British Geotechnical Society Held 30th May–1st June 1973
    • 1st Edition
    • Elsevier Chennai Outsource Office
    • English
    Field Instrumentation in Geotechnical Engineering documents the proceedings of a symposium of the same name organized by the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. The said symposium covers the developments in the instruments and techniques in field instrumentation. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 covers the 37 papers included in the symposium, which cover topics such as the measurement of spatial deformations; the measurement of in situ stress and strain for solids, earth pressure and anchor forces; ground round displacement; and techniques and equipment using the surveyors lever. Part 2, on the other hand, covers the sessions during the symposium, which include topics such as different principles of measurement; the application of instrumentation; and interpretation of their results. The text is recommended for those in the field of geotechnical engineering who would like to know more about instrumentation and the processes and techniques involved in it.

  • Gemmological Instruments

    Their Use and Principles of Operation
    • 2nd Edition
    • Peter G Read
    • English
    Gemmological Instruments deals with the developments in diamond grading equipment and gem testing instruments since the publication of the first edition in 1978. These developments include improvements in the versatility and styling of existing instruments such as the reflectivity meter, the composite spectroscope, and the refractometer. It also addresses the criticisms in the first edition and provides a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of different gem testing equipment. This book is organized into 16 chapters that describe groundbreaking instruments like the thermal conductivity diamond testers and home-constructed items that while innovative have not yet been commercialized. There are also chapters dealing with microphotography and identification of synthetics and stimulants. This book also provides a listing of gemstone constants and characteristic inclusions in natural and synthetic gemstones. This book will be of interest to people interested in equipment for gem testing and diamond grading.

  • The Earth’s Electric Field

    Sources from Sun to Mud
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael C. Kelley
    • English
    The Earth’s Electric Field provides you with an integrated and comprehensive picture of the generation of the terrestrial electric fields, their dynamics and how they couple/propagate through the medium. The Earth’s Electric Field provides basic principles of terrestrial electric field related topics, but also a critical summary of electric field related observations and their significance to the various related phenomena in the atmosphere. For the first time, Kelley brings together information on this topic in a coherent way, making it easy to gain a broad overview of the critical processes in an efficient way. If you conduct research in atmospheric science, physics, atmospheric chemistry, space plasma physics, and solar terrestrial physics, you will find this book to be essential reading.

  • Reflection Seismology

    Theory, Data Processing and Interpretation
    • 1st Edition
    • Yang Wencai
    • English
    Authored by a geophysicist with more than 50 years of experience in research and instruction, Reflection Seismology: Theory, Data Processing and Interpretation provides a single source of foundational knowledge in reflection seismology principles and theory.Reflection seismology has a broad range of applications and is used primarily by the oil and gas industry to provide high-resolution maps and build a coherent geological story from maps of processed seismic reflections. Combined with seismic attribute analysis and other exploration geophysics tools, it aids geologists and geo-engineers in creating geological models of areas of exploration and extraction interest. Yet as important as reflection seismology is to the hydrocarbon industry, it’s difficult to find a single source that synthesizes the topic without having to wade through numerous journal articles from a range of different publishers. This book is a one-stop source of reflection seismology theory, helping scientists navigates through the wealth of new data processing techniques that have emerged in recent years.

  • The Lunar Surface Layer

    Materials and Characteristics
    • 1st Edition
    • John W. Salisbury + 1 more
    • English
    The Lunar Surface Layer: Materials and Characteristics focuses on the characteristics, nature, and materials located in the lunar surface layer, including lunar soil mechanics, water vapor adsorption, and soil behavior. The selection first elaborates on soil mechanics considerations in the testing of lunar soil models, an experimental study in lunar soil mechanics, and gravity effects on soil behavior. Discussions focus on cohesion in lunar soils, gravity effect on dynamic shear strength of soils, porosity, soil bearing strength, lunar effects, soil cohesion in the lunar environment, gradation, structure and contact characteristics, and statics and dynamics. The book then examines the investigation of soil adhesion under high vacuum; water vapor adsorption behavior of kaolinite after high-vacuum storage; and sonic velocity and shear strength of possible lunar surface materials. Concerns cover shear strength, sonic velocity, experimental apparatus, and calibration. The manuscript takes a look at the consideration of properties of simulated lunar soil with possible stabilization techniques; feasibility of remote compositional mapping of the lunar surface; thermal emission characteristics of mineral dusts; and thermal properties of postulated lunar surface materials. The selection is highly recommended for researchers wanting to study the lunar surface layer.

  • The Platyrrhine Fossil Record

    • 1st Edition
    • John G. Fleagle + 1 more
    • English
    The Platyrrhine Fossil Record is a compendium of papers presented in a symposium of the 12th Congress of the International Congress of Primatology held in Brazil. One paper reviews evidence from fossil platyrrhines where the author concludes new dating and environmental data where these animals lived. Another paper describes the major changes pertaining to South American mammalian fauna during the Cenozoic Era, which he relates to global and regional geotectonic changes. Other papers review the paleontology and geology of the Miocene Pintura Formation and reassess the morphological transformations traditionally assumed as having been involved in platyrrhine phylogeny. One author also proposes that a prosimian-like ancestor is probably the predecessors of anthropoids; any similarities and primitive mammals can be evolutionary reversals associated with quadrupedal movements. The text also addresses the issue whether anthropoids, including platyrrhines, evolved from a prosimian ancestor or prosimians are just a group with mammalian postcranial skeletal structure. One author also reviews fossil remains found in the Caribbean, citing seven endemic taxa of platyrrhines in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica. Anthropologists, researchers involved in anatomical sciences, academicians, and administrators whose works are connected with museums of natural history or institutes of primate research will find this collection valuable.

  • Fossil and Living Dinoflagellates

    • 1st Edition
    • W. A. S. Sarjeant
    • English
    Fossil and Living Dinoflagellates presents a detailed account of the cell physiology, morphology, and mode of life of dinoflagellates. This book discusses the development in the research, both on fossil and living dinoflagellates. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of dinoflagellates as the most important producers of luminescence in the oceans, which sometimes cause tropical seas to glow with phosphorescent light. This text then examines the characteristic feature of dinoflagellates to possess two flagella. Other chapters consider the sequence of events during reproduction in the armored dinoflagellate Glenodinium foliaceum based on culture. This book discusses as well the encystment in non-marine dinoflagellates, which occurs in response to the oncoming of adverse environmental conditions. The final chapter deals with the distribution pattern of dinoflagellate cysts in fossil sediments. This book is a valuable resource for marine biologists, zoologist, paleontologists, micropaleontologists... geologists, taxonomists, microscopists, geneticists, and research workers.

  • Regulatory Change in an Atmosphere of Crisis

    Current Implications of the Roosevelt Years
    • 1st Edition
    • Gary M. Walton
    • English
    Regulatory Change in an Atmosphere of Crisis: Current Implications of the Roosevelt Years is a collection of papers presented at a conference on Regulatory Change in an Atmosphere of Crisis: The Current-Day Implications of the Roosevelt Years, held in April 1978, at Washington State University. The book presents the findings on several of the major economic reforms of the Roosevelt years and assesses their implications. The text discusses a variety of issues of the period such as the short term measures implemented during the crisis of the 1930s; the Roosevelt New Deal and its consequences; banking reforms in the 1930s; and the social welfare programs that originated in the Roosevelt years. Historians, economists, financial experts, and students will find the book a great source of insight and information.

  • A Colour Guide to Clouds

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Scorer + 1 more
    • R. S. Scorer + 1 more
    • English
    A Colour Guide to Clouds contains 48 pictures that illustrate the most important cloud making processes. These pictures provide insights into the mode of formation of almost every cloud. This book is composed of six sections, and begins with an introduction to cloud name identification and the importance of clouds in the circumstances in which they occur. The succeeding sections deal with the major cloud names, namely, cumulus, cirrus, nimbus, and stratus. These topics are followed by illustrations of various cloud forms, the low pressure area of clouds, as well as ice clouds. The final chapters contain text and colored plates of different cloud forms. This book will prove useful to meteorologists, naturalists, and cloud scientists and researchers.

  • On the Nature of Continental Shelves

    • 1st Edition
    • John J Walsh
    • English
    On the Nature of Continental Shelves discusses continental margins using techniques of systems analysis applied on minicomputers. The book describes insights and theories of mechanisms of enhanced primary production at the continental shelves, emphasizing these as the source energy, food, and recreation, and a possible means to detect global change while in its early phases. The text explains circulation, equations of motion, Ekman dynamics, and baroclinic effects of vertical changes in water density. Production in the seas involves the process of photosynthesis by organisms in which instruments on aircraft platforms can measure salinity and chlorophyll fluorescence. During photosynthesis, some of the light energy absorbed by phytoplankton pigments is emitted as fluorescence, at longer wavelengths, which can then detected. Adult fish and crustaceans are mobile and add a biological vector to the physical movement of organisms on the continental shelves. The book examines food limitation and the conditions of the Bering Sea, the Mid-Atlantic, and the Gulf of Mexico. The text also investigates sinking losses, present depocenters, atmospheric forcing, eutrophication, overfishing, and the effects of climate on primary production at the continental shelves. The book can be beneficial for students of meteorology, oceanography as well as to marine ecologists, biologists, and environmentalists.

  • Descriptive Meteorology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Hurd C. Willett + 1 more
    • English
    Descriptive Meteorology, Second Edition describes the principal weather phenomena. This book consists of 10 chapters. Chapter I discusses the composition and vertical extent of the atmosphere. The adiabatic changes and vertical stability of the atmosphere are considered in Chapter II, while the heat balance of the atmosphere and observed temperature distribution are explained in Chapter III. The fourth chapter elaborates the condensation processes in the atmosphere and their respective forms. In Chapter V, the determination of wind velocity and vertical distribution of winds in the atmosphere are analyzed. The formation of characteristic air masses in the general circulation with the migratory types of cyclones, anticyclones, and tropical hurricanes and small-scale circulations which constitute most local weather phenomena are covered in Chapters VI to IX. The last chapter discusses the principles of weather forecasting and modification and present prospects for advances in meteorology. This edition is a good reference for meteorologists and college students familiar with general physics and elementary calculus.

  • Descriptive Micrometeorology

    • 1st Edition
    • R. E. Munn
    • H. E. Landsberg + 1 more
    • English
    Descriptive Micrometeorology compiles views and findings in micrometeorology, which is concerned with the surface boundary layer or thin slice of atmosphere extending from the ground up to a height of approximately 50 meters. This book describes the micrometeorology of soil, short vegetation, forest, water, ice, snow, and built-up urban surfaces. The properties and influence of the planetary boundary layer are not included. The topics discussed include the energy balance at the earth-atmosphere boundary, radiative flux divergence, factors influencing air temperatures, and Kolmogorov similarity theory. The Eddy correlation method for measuring evaporation, radiation balance of snow and ice surfaces, heat storage and horizontal advection in water, and changes in wind patterns are also covered. This publication is intended for meteorologists, but is also a good reference for chemists, engineers, geographers, botanists, hydrologists, health physicists, glaciologists, town planners, limnologists, oceanographers, air pollution control officers, foresters, and ecologists interested in the surface boundary layer.

  • Advances in Geophysical Research

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Editorial Committee of Advances in Geoph
    • English
    Advances in Geophysical Research, Vol. 2 introduces the theoretical and applied research on geophysics and seismology, earthquake prediction, and instrumentation in China. This book discusses the frictional resistance of fault slip; analysis of hypocenter location capability of a regional seismic network; and experimental study of electromagnetic emission during rock fracture. The possible triggering mechanism for a type of earthquake swarms; geographical distribution of the gravitational oceanic tidal load on the BTTZ area and mainland, China; and isostasy and crustal structure of Panzhihua-Xiehang Region in Southwestern China are also deliberated. This text likewise covers model 763 long-period seismograph and earthquake prediction research. This publication is a good reference for students and researchers aiming to acquire knowledge on the geophysics and seismology in China.

  • Lithostratigraphic Analysis of Sedimentary Basins

    • 1st Edition
    • C. E. B. Conybeare
    • English
    Lithostratigraphic Analysis of Sedimentary Basins deals with the concepts and methodology of lithostratigraphic analysis used to elucidate various aspects of the geological history of sedimentary layers within a basin. The principles of stratigraphy and sedimentation as well as the influence of tectonism are discussed, along with their relevance to a variety of methods employed in the analysis of sedimentary basins. Comprised of seven chapters, this book begins with a classification of sedimentary basins and an overview of the methods used in their analysis. Certain lithological features, including sedimentary structures, textures, and assemblages of features that are considered to be diagnostic or indicative of particular depositional environments, are discussed, together with their implications for interpretations of the geologic history of a sedimentary basin on the basis of both macrostratigraphic and microstratigraphic criteria. Other lithologic analyses that are mentioned relate to petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability and to chemical properties such as trace element, organic, and hydrocarbon content. Methods employed in the examination of outcrops and rock samples are also considered. The final chapter describes the application of sedimentary basin analysis to exploration of oil and gas, coal, and minerals, together with potential storage reservoirs for natural gas. This monograph will be of interest to geophysicists, geologists, geophysicists, and engineers.

  • The Genesis and Classification of Cold Soils

    • 1st Edition
    • Samuel Rieger
    • English
    The Genesis and Classification of Cold Soils exposes the processes involved in the development of the principal kinds of soils that occur in cold regions and introduces readers to the classification of those soils. The book uses the terminologies and concepts of the description of soils provided by the Soil Taxonomy of the United States. Topics covered in the book include aspects of temperature relationships in cold soils; effects of freezing temperatures on the soil properties; the salient features of the U.S. Soil Taxonomy system; and the taxonomies of Canada, the U.S.S.R., and The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Pedologists, agriculturists, engineers, and researchers will find the book insightful.

  • The Problems of Birds as Pests

    Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Royal Geographical Society, London, on 28 and 29 September 1967
    • 1st Edition
    • R. K. Murton + 1 more
    • English
    The Problems of Birds as Pests covers the proceedings of the symposium held at the Royal Geographical Society in London on 28 and 29 September 1967. The text focuses on the problems posed by birds on agriculture and air transport, as well as control of population, scaring techniques, and warning systems. The selection first discusses prospective considerations concerning bio-acoustics in relation to bird-scaring techniques and recent developments in bird scaring on airfields. Topics include system of behavior and hierarchy of signals, informative content of acoustic signals, and signal-noise ratio. The book also ponders on bird recognition by radar and bird warning system for aircrafts in flight. The publication reviews the rook issue in North-East Scotland and the problems brought by the oystercatchers, including availability of field crops and their utilization by rooks, rook population, and food intake of the birds and comparison with stock and fishing levels. The manuscript then surveys predator-prey relationships in bird damage and population control and the quelea problem in Africa. The selection is a valuable source of information for ornithologists and readers interested in the characteristic of birds as pests.

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