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Elsevier

Books in Seismology

  • Can Artificial Intelligence Aid in Forecasting Earthquakes?

    • 1st Edition
    • Bikash Sadhukhan
    • English
    Can Artificial Intelligence Aid in Forecasting Earthquakes? explores the potential of AI in revolutionizing earthquake forecasting and early warning systems. This book delves into the latest advancements in computational intelligence, rule-based approaches, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms. By examining the evolution of research and the current state of earthquake early warning systems, the author sheds light on the data typically used in seismic forecasting. Other significant points include an analysis of various AI techniques for earthquake prediction and early warning, a discussion on the advantages and limitations of AI-based forecasting, and future implications for the field.

  • Volcanic Seismology

    • 4th Edition
    • Vyacheslav M Zobin
    • English
    Vyacheslav M. Zobin’s Introduction to Volcanic Seismology has steadily grown over time, offering a deeper look at the latest developments in volcanic seismology with each edition. As such, this new, fully updated fourth edition is simply titled Volcanic Seismology in a nod to the comprehensive nature it has achieved.Volcanic Seismology, Fourth Edition, covers all aspects of volcano seismology, specifically focusing on the latest studies and developments. This new edition expands to include recent seismic events in Kilauea (2018), La Soufriere (2020), and Hunga Tonga (2022).This book begins with an introduction and review of the fundamentals of volcanic seismology. After setting this foundation, several case studies in volcano-tectonic earthquakes are reviewed. This is followed by a detailed look at earthquake swarms, source properties and origins, and volcanic tremors. Different seismic signals are closely examined. The author then explores effusive and explosive activity along with lave dome growth and destruction. The book closes with an in-depth look at seismic monitoring as well as the natural seismicity of geothermal structures within volcanic environments.This essential text provides seismologists, volcanologists, and geophysicists a comprehensive review of all aspects of volcanic seismology.

  • GNSS Seismogeodesy

    • 1st Edition
    • Jianghui Geng
    • English
    GNSS Seismogeodesy: Theory and Applications combines GNSS and seismology theory and applications to offer both disciplines the background information needed to combine forces. It explores the opportunities for integrating GNSS and seismometers, as well as applications for earthquake and tsunami early warning applications. The book allows seismologists to better understand how GNSS positions are computed and how they can be combined with seismic data and allows geodesists to better understand how to apply GNSS to monitoring of crustal motion.This book is a valuable reference for researchers and students studying the interdisciplinary connection between GNSS geodesy and strong-motion seismology. It will also be ideal for anyone working on new approaches for monitoring and predicting geologic hazards.

  • Earth's Core

    Geophysics of a Planet's Deepest Interior
    • 1st Edition
    • Vernon F. Cormier + 2 more
    • English
    Earth’s Core: Geophysics of a Planet’s Deepest Interior　provides a　multidisciplinary approach to　Earth’s core, including　seismology... mineral physics, geomagnetism, and geodynamics.　The book　examines　curren... experiments,　and　the... outstanding research questions;　and　sugge... future directions for study.　 With topics ranging from the structure of the core-mantle boundary region, to the chemical and physical properties of the core, the workings of the　geodynamo, inner core seismology and dynamics, and core formation,　this　book... a multidisciplinary perspective　on what we know and what we know　we have yet to discover.　The book begins with　the　fundamental material and concepts in seismology, mineral physics,　geomagnetis... geodynamics, accessible　from　a wide range of backgrounds. The book then builds on this foundation　to introduce current research, including observations, experiments, and theories. By identifying unsolved problems and promising routes to their solutions, the book is intended to motivate further research, making it a valuable resource　both　for students entering Earth and planetary sciences and for researchers in a particular subdiscipline who need to broaden their understanding.

  • Earthquakes and Sustainable Infrastructure

    Neodeterministic (NDSHA) Approach Guarantees Prevention Rather Than Cure
    • 1st Edition
    • Giuliano Panza + 3 more
    • English
    Earthquakes and Sustainable Infrastructure: Neodeterministic (NDSHA) Approach Guarantees Prevention Rather Than Cure communicates in one comprehensive volume the state-of-the-art scientific knowledge on earthquakes and related risks. Earthquakes occur in a seemingly random way and, in some cases, it is possible to trace seismicity back to the concept of deterministic chaos. Therefore, seismicity can be explained by a deterministic mechanism that arises as a result of various convection movements in the Earth’s mantle, expressed in the modern movement of lithospheric plates fueled by tidal forces. Consequently, to move from a perspective focused on the response to emergencies to a new perspective based on prevention and sustainability, it is necessary to follow this neodeterministic approach (NDSHA) to guarantee prevention, saving lives and infrastructure. This book describes in a complete and consistent way an effective explanation to complex structures, systems, and components, and prescribes solutions to practical challenges. It reflects the scientific novelty and promises a feasible, workable, theoretical and applicative attitude. Earthquakes and Sustainable Infrastructure serves a “commentary role” for developers and designers of critical infrastructure and unique installations. Commentary-like roles follow standard, where there is no standard. Mega-installations embody/potentiate risks; nonetheless, lack a comprehensive classic standard. Every compound is unique, one of its kind, and differs from others even of similar function. There is no justification to elaborate a common standard for unique entities. On the other hand, these specific installations, for example, NPPs, Naval Ports, Suez Canal, HazMat production sites, and nuclear waste deposits, impose security and safety challenges to people and the environment. The book offers a benchmark for entrepreneurs, designers, constructors, and operators on how to compile diverse relevant information on site-effects and integrate it into the best-educated guess to keep safe and secure, people and environment. The authors are eager to convey the entire information and explanations to our readers, without missing either accurate information or explanations. That is achieved by “miniaturization,” as much is possible, not minimization. So far, the neodeterministic method has been successfully applied in numerous metropolitan areas and regions such as Delhi (India), Beijing (China), Naples (Italy), Algiers (Algeria), Cairo (Egypt), Santiago de Cuba (Cuba), Thessaloniki (Greece), South-East Asia (2004), Tohoku, Japan (2011), Albania (2019), Bangladesh, Iran, Sumatra, Ecuador, and elsewhere. Earthquakes and Sustainable Infrastructure includes case studies from these areas, as well as suggested applications to other seismically active areas around the globe. NDSHA approaches confirm/validate that science is looming to warn. Concurrently, leaders and practitioners have to learn to use rectified science in favor of peoples' safety. State-of-the-art science does have the know-how to reduce casualties and structural damage from potential catastrophes to a bearable incident.

  • Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones

    • 1st Edition
    • Joao C. Duarte
    • English
    Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones bridges the gap between the classic plate tectonic theory and new emerging ideas, offering an assessment of the state-of-the-art, pending questions, and future directions in the study of transform plate boundaries and fracture zones. The book includes a number of case studies and reviews on both oceanic and continental tectonic settings. Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones is a timely reference for a variety of researchers, including geophysicists, seismologists, structural geologists and tectonicists, as well as specialists in exploration geophysics and natural hazards. This book can also be used as an up-to-date reference at universities in both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

  • Complexity of Seismic Time Series

    Measurement and Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Tamaz Chelidze + 2 more
    • English
    Complexity of Seismic Time Series: Measurement and Application applies the tools of nonlinear dynamics to seismic analysis, allowing for the revelation of new details in micro-seismicity, new perspectives in seismic noise, and new tools for prediction of seismic events. The book summarizes both advances and applications in the field, thus meeting the needs of both fundamental and practical seismology. Merging the needs of the classical field and the very modern terms of complexity science, this book covers theory and its application to advanced nonlinear time series tools to investigate Earth’s vibrations, making it a valuable tool for seismologists, hazard managers and engineers.

  • Structure and Tectonics of the Indian Continental Crust and Its Adjoining Region

    Deep Seismic Studies
    • 2nd Edition
    • Harish C Tewari + 2 more
    • English
    Structure and Tectonics of the Indian Continental Crust and Its Adjoining Region: Deep Seismic Studies, Second Edition, collates essential data from seismic studies of Earth’s crust across India, offering an essential understanding of the tectonic development of the Indian subcontinent. Seismic studies have been carried out in various parts of India since 1972, recording crust-related seismic data for determination of velocity-depth configuration and determination of structural patterns. The book examines the details of these studies, including their synthesis and global applications. The book presents both background and applications in one cohesive volume for researchers and students of geophysics and geology.

  • Coding and Decoding: Seismic Data

    The Concept of Multishooting
    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 1
    • Luc T. Ikelle
    • English
    Coding and Decoding Seismic Data: The Concept of Multishooting, Volume One, Second Edition, offers a thorough investigation of modern techniques for collecting, simulating, and processing multishooting data. Currently, the acquisition of seismic surveys is performed as a sequential operation in which shots are computed separately, one after the other. The cost of performing various shots simultaneously is almost identical to that of one shot; thus, the benefits of using the multishooting approach for computing seismic surveys are enormous. By using this approach, the longstanding problem of simulating a three-dimensional seismic survey can be reduced to a matter of weeks. Providing both theoretical and practical explanations of the multishooting approach, including case histories, this book is an essential resource for exploration geophysicists and practicing seismologists.

  • Impacts and Insights of the Gorkha Earthquake

    • 1st Edition
    • Dipendra Gautam + 1 more
    • English
    Impacts and Insights of Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal offers a practical perspective on disaster risk management using lessons learned and considerations from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, which was the worst disaster to hit Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake. Using a holistic approach to examine seismicity, risk perception and intervention, the book serves as a detailed case study to improve disaster resilience globally, including social, technical, governmental and institutional risk perception, as well as scientific understanding of earthquake disasters. Covering the details of the Gorkha earthquake, including damage mapping and recovery tactics, the book offers valuable insights into ways forward for seismologists, earthquake researchers and engineers and policy-makers.

  • Seismic Wave Propagation in the Earth

    • 1st Edition
    • A. Hanyga
    • English
    This volume contains an extensive presentation of the theory, phenomenology and interpretation of seismic waves produced by natural and artificial sources. Each theoretical topic discussed in the book is presented in a self-contained and mathematically rigorous form, yet without excessive demands on the reader's mathematical background. It is the only book to include such a complete presentation of the mathematical background and modern developments of the WKBJ theory of seismic waves, and detailed discussions of its wide ranging applications. The book will therefore be useful to postgraduate students and research workers specialising in seismic wave theory, theoretical seismology, electromagnetic wave theory and other fields of wave propagation theory.

  • Constitution of the Earth's Interior

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Leliwa-Kopystynski + 1 more
    • English
    Constitution of the Earth's Interior discusses the physical and evolutionary principles connecting various elements of the knowledge about structure and dynamics of the Earth's interior. This work is divided into eight chapters that primarily focus on the physical, chemical, and petrological state. This text contains general data on a general stationary model, which is described by equations of state combining the basic parameters, including pressure, temperature, density, gravity acceleration, and mineral composition within the Earth's interior. Considerable chapters concern the chemical and petrological composition of the matter in the Earth's interior. The remaining chapters describe models containing inhomogeneities used to illustrate processes connected with phase transitions. This book will be of great value to geologists, physicists, and researchers.

  • Ground Motion and Engineering Seismology

    • 1st Edition
    • A.S. Cakmak
    • English
    Despite advances in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering, earthquakes continue to cause loss of life and property in one part of the world or another. The Third International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 22nd to 24th June 1987, provided an opportunity for participants from all over the world to share their expertise to enhance the role of mechanics and other disciplines as they relate to earthquake engineering. The edited proceedings of the conference are published in four volumes. This volume covers: Seismicity and Tectonics in the Eastern Mediterranean, Seismic Waves in Soils and Geophysical Methods, Engineering Seismology, Dynamic Methods in Soil and Rock Mechanics, and Ground Motion. With its companion volumes, it is hoped that it will contribute to the further development of techniques, methods and innovative approaches in soil dynamics and earthquake engineering.

  • Earthquakes and Coseismic Surface Faulting on the Iranian Plateau

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 17
    • Manuel Berberian
    • English
    Earthquakes and Coseismic Surface Faulting on the Iranian Plateau is a comprehensive and well-illustrated multi-disciplinary research work that analyzes the human and physical aspects of the active faults and large-magnitude earthquakes since ancient times on the Iranian Plateau. The long-term historical, archaeological, and sociological record of earthquakes discussed here gives insight into earthquake magnitudes, recurrences, fault segmentation, clustering, and patterns of coseismic ruptures from prehistoric times to the present. The first part of the book examines oral traditions and literature of the region concerned with earthquakes, particularly in folklore, epic literature, and theology. The second part assesses dynamic phenomena associated with earthquakes, including active tectonics, archaeoseismicity, and coseismic surface faulting throughout the twentieth century. This work is a valuable technical survey and an essential reference for understanding seismic hazard analysis and earthquake risk minimization in earthquake-prone developing and developed countries throughout the world.

  • Earthquake Hazard, Risk and Disasters

    • 1st Edition
    • Rasoul Sorkhabi
    • English
    Earthquake Hazard, Risk, and Disasters presents the latest scientific developments and reviews of research addressing seismic hazard and seismic risk, including causality rates, impacts on society, preparedness, insurance and mitigation. The current controversies in seismic hazard assessment and earthquake prediction are addressed from different points of view. Basic tools for understanding the seismic risk and to reduce it, like paleoseismology, remote sensing, and engineering are discussed.

  • Mathematical Aspects of Seismology

    Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics
    • 1st Edition
    • Markus Båth
    • English
    Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics, 4: Mathematical Aspects of Seismology introduces studies of the more advanced parts of theoretical seismology. The manuscript first ponders on contour integration and conformal transformation, methods of stationary phase and steepest descent, and series integration. Discussions focus on Love waves in heterogeneous isotropic media, Laguerre's differential equation, Hermite's differential equation, method of steepest descent, method of stationary phase, contour integration in the complex plane, and conformal transformation. The text then examines series integration, Bessel functions, Legendre functions, and wave equations. Topics include general considerations of the wave equation, expansion of a spherical wave into plane waves, common features of special functions and special differential equations, applications of Legendre functions, Legendre polynomials, Bessel's differential equation, and properties of Bessel coefficients. The book explores the influence of gravity on wave propagation, matrix calculus, wave propagation in liquid media, integral equations, calculus of variations, and integral transforms. The text is a valuable source of data for researchers wanting to study the mathematical aspects of seismology.

  • Reflection Seismology

    Theory, Data Processing and Interpretation
    • 1st Edition
    • Yang Wencai
    • English
    Authored by a geophysicist with more than 50 years of experience in research and instruction, Reflection Seismology: Theory, Data Processing and Interpretation provides a single source of foundational knowledge in reflection seismology principles and theory.Reflection seismology has a broad range of applications and is used primarily by the oil and gas industry to provide high-resolution maps and build a coherent geological story from maps of processed seismic reflections. Combined with seismic attribute analysis and other exploration geophysics tools, it aids geologists and geo-engineers in creating geological models of areas of exploration and extraction interest. Yet as important as reflection seismology is to the hydrocarbon industry, it’s difficult to find a single source that synthesizes the topic without having to wade through numerous journal articles from a range of different publishers. This book is a one-stop source of reflection seismology theory, helping scientists navigates through the wealth of new data processing techniques that have emerged in recent years.

  • Critical Excitation Methods in Earthquake Engineering

    • 2nd Edition
    • Izuru Takewaki
    • English
    After the March 11, 2011, earthquake in Japan, there is overwhelming interest in worst-case analysis, including the critical excitation method. Nowadays, seismic design of structures performed by any seismic code is based on resisting previous natural earthquakes. Critical Excitation Methods in Earthquake Engineering, Second Edition, develops a new framework for modeling design earthquake loads for inelastic structures. The Second Edition, includes three new chapters covering the critical excitation problem for multi-component input ground motions, and that for elastic-plastic structures in a more direct way are incorporated and discussed in more depth. Finally, the problem of earthquake resilience of super high-rise buildings is discussed from broader viewpoints.

  • Handbook of Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Civil Infrastructure Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • S Tesfamariam + 1 more
    • English
    Earthquakes represent a major risk to buildings, bridges and other civil infrastructure systems, causing catastrophic loss to modern society. Handbook of seismic risk analysis and management of civil infrastructure systems reviews the state of the art in the seismic risk analysis and management of civil infrastructure systems.Part one reviews research in the quantification of uncertainties in ground motion and seismic hazard assessment. Part twi discusses methodologies in seismic risk analysis and management, whilst parts three and four cover the application of seismic risk assessment to buildings, bridges, pipelines and other civil infrastructure systems. Part five also discusses methods for quantifying dependency between different infrastructure systems. The final part of the book considers ways of assessing financial and other losses from earthquake damage as well as setting insurance rates.Handbook of seismic risk analysis and management of civil infrastructure systems is an invaluable guide for professionals requiring understanding of the impact of earthquakes on buildings and lifelines, and the seismic risk assessment and management of buildings, bridges and transportation. It also provides a comprehensive overview of seismic risk analysis for researchers and engineers within these fields.

  • Introduction to Digital Filtering in Geophysics

    • 1st Edition
    • O. Kulhánek
    • English

  • Introduction to Volcanic Seismology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Vyacheslav M Zobin
    • English
    Volcanic seismology represents the main, and often the only, tool to forecast volcanic eruptions and to monitor the eruption process. This book describes the main types of seismic signals at volcanoes, their nature and spatial and temporal distributions at different stages of eruptive activity. Following from the success of the first edition, published in 2003, the second edition consists of 19 chapters including significant revision and five new chapters. Organized into four sections, the book begins with an introduction to the history and topic of volcanic seismology, discussing the theoretical and experimental models that were developed for the study of the origin of volcanic earthquakes. The second section is devoted to the study of volcano-tectonic earthquakes, giving the theoretical basis for their occurrence and swarms as well as case stories of volcano-tectonic activity associated with the eruptions at basaltic, andesitic, and dacitic volcanoes. There were 40 cases of volcanic eruptions at 20 volcanoes that occurred all over the world from 1910 to 2005, which are discussed. General regularities of volcano-tectonic earthquake swarms, their participation in the eruptive process, their source properties, and the hazard of strong volcano-tectonic earthquakes are also described. The third section describes the theoretical basis for the occurrence of eruption earthquakes together with the description of volcanic tremor, the seismic signals associated with pyroclastic flows, rockfalls and lahars, and volcanic explosions, long-period and very-long-period seismic signals at volcanoes, micro-earthquake swarms, and acoustic events. The final section discuss the mitigation of volcanic hazard and include the methodology of seismic monitoring of volcanic activity, the examples of forecasting of volcanic eruptions by seismic methods, and the description of seismic activity in the regions of dormant volcanoes. This book will be essential for students and practitioners of volcanic seismology to understand the essential elements of volcanic eruptions.

  • Paleoseismology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 95
    • James P. McCalpin
    • English
    Paleoseismology has become an important component of seismic risk analysis, which is mandated for nuclear power plants, dams, waste repositories, and other critical structures. This book is the first in the English language to be devoted solely to paleoseismology. It summarizes the development of the field from the 1960s to the present, encompassing material that is currently widely dispersed in journal articles.

  • Fault-Zone Properties and Earthquake Rupture Dynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 94
    • Eiichi Fukuyama
    • English
    The dynamics of the earthquake rupture process are closely related to fault zone properties which the authors have intensively investigated by various observations in the field as well as by laboratory experiments. These include geological investigation of the active and fossil faults, physical and chemical features obtained by the laboratory experiments, as well as the seismological estimation from seismic waveforms. Earthquake dynamic rupture can now be modeled using numerical simulations on the basis of field and laboratory observations, which should be very useful for understanding earthquake rupture dynamics.

  • Information-Based Inversion and Processing with Applications

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • T.J. Ulrych + 1 more
    • English
    Information-Based Inversion and Processing with Applications examines different classical and modern aspects of geophysical data processing and inversion with emphasis on the processing of seismic records in applied seismology. Chapter 1 introduces basic concepts including: probability theory (expectation operator and ensemble statistics), elementary principles of parameter estimation, Fourier and z-transform essentials, and issues of orthogonality. In Chapter 2, the linear treatment of time series is provided. Particular attention is paid to Wold decomposition theorem and time series models (AR, MA, and ARMA) and their connection to seismic data analysis problems. Chapter 3 introduces concepts of Information theory and contains a synopsis of those topics that are used throughout the book. Examples are entropy, conditional entropy, Burg's maximum entropy spectral estimator, and mutual information. Chapter 4 provides a description of inverse problems first from a deterministic point of view, then from a probabilistic one. Chapter 5 deals with methods to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic records. Concepts from previous chapters are put in practice for designing prediction error filters for noise attenuation and high-resolution Radon operators. Chapter 6 deals with the topic of deconvolution and the inversion of acoustic impedance. The first part discusses band-limited extrapolation assuming a known wavelet and considers the issue of wavelet estimation. The second part deals with sparse deconvolution using various 'entropy' type norms. Finally, Chapter 7 introduces recent topics of interest to the authors. The emphasis of this book is on applied seismology but researchers in the area of global seismology, and geophysical signal processing and inversion will find material that is relevant to the ubiquitous problem of estimating complex models from a limited number of noisy observations.

  • Seismic Signatures and Analysis of Reflection Data in Anisotropic Media

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 29
    • I. Tsvankin
    • English
    Following the breakthrough in the last decade in identifying the key parameters for time and depth imaging in anisotropic media and developing practical methodologies for estimating them from seismic data, Seismic Signatures and Analysis of Reflection Data in Anisotropic Media primarily focuses on the far reaching exploration benefits of anisotropic processing. This volume provides the first comprehensive description of reflection seismic signatures and processing methods in anisotropic media. It identifies the key parameters for time and depth imaging in transversely isotropic media and describes practical methodologies for estimating them from seismic data. Also, it contains a thorough discussion of the important issues of uniqueness and stability of seismic velocity analysis in the presence of anisotropy. The book contains a complete description of anisotropic imaging methods, from the theoretical background to algorithms to implementation issues. Numerous applications to synthetic and field data illustrate the improvements achieved by the anisotropic processing and the possibility of using the estimated anisotropic parameters in lithology discrimination.

  • Basic Theory in Reflection Seismology

    with MATHEMATICA Notebooks and Examples on CD-ROM
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • J.K. Costain + 1 more
    • English
    The material in this volume provides the basic theory necessary to understand the principles behind imaging the subsurface of the Earth using reflection and refraction seismology. For reflection seismology, the end product is a "record section" from a collection of "wiggly traces" that are recorded in the field from which information about the properties of subsurface structure and rock can be derived. For the most part, the principles of imaging are the same regardless of the depth to the target; the same mathematical background is necessary for targeting a shallow water table as for investigating the base of the earth's continental "crust" at a depth of 30-50 km.

  • Seismic Waves and Rays in Elastic Media

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 34
    • M.A. Slawinski
    • English
    This book seeks to explore seismic phenomena in elastic media and emphasizes the interdependence of mathematical formulation and physical meaning. The purpose of this title - which is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students as well as scientists interested in quantitative seismology - is to use aspects of continuum mechanics, wave theory and ray theory to describe phenomena resulting from the propagation of waves.The book is divided into three parts: Elastic continua, Waves and rays, and Variational formulation of rays. In Part I, continuum mechanics are used to describe the material through which seismic waves propagate, and to formulate a system of equations to study the behaviour of such material. In Part II, these equations are used to identify the types of body waves propagating in elastic continua as well as to express their velocities and displacements in terms of the properties of these continua. To solve the equations of motion in anisotropic inhomogeneous continua, the high-frequency approximation is used and establishes the concept of a ray. In Part III, it is shown that in elastic continua a ray is tantamount to a trajectory along which a seismic signal propagates in accordance with the variational principle of stationary travel time.

  • International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology, Part B

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 81B
    • William H.K. Lee + 3 more
    • English
    The two volume International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology represents the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior's (IASPEI) ambition to provide a comprehensive overview of our present knowledge of earthquakes and seismology. This state-of-the-art work is the only reference to cover all aspects of seismology--a "resource library" for civil and structural engineers, geologists, geophysicists, and seismologists in academia and industry around the globe.Part B, by more than 100 leading researchers from major institutions of science around the globe, features 34 chapters detailing strong-motion seismology, earthquake engineering, quake prediction and hazards mitigation, as well as detailed reports from more than 40 nations. Also available is The International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A.

  • International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology, Part A

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 81A
    • William H.K. Lee + 3 more
    • English
    Modern scientific investigations of earthquakes began in the 1880s, and the International Association of Seismology was organized in 1901 to promote collaboration of scientists and engineers in studying earthquakes. The International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, under the auspices of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI), was prepared by leading experts under a distinguished international advisory board and team of editors.The content is organized into 56 chapters and includes over 430 figures, 24 of which are in color. This large-format, comprehensive reference summarizes well-established facts, reviews relevant theories, surveys useful methods and techniques, and documents and archives basic seismic data. It will be the authoritative reference for scientists and engineers and a quick and handy reference for seismologists.Also available is The International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part B.

  • Earthquake Thermodynamics and Phase Transformation in the Earth's Interior

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 76
    • Roman Teisseyre + 1 more
    • English
    A group of distinguished scientists contributes to the foundations of a new discipline in Earth sciences: earthquake thermodynamics and thermodynamics of formation of the Earth's interior structures. The predictive powers of thermodynamics are so great that those aspiring to model earthquake and the Earth's interior will certainly wish to be able to use the theory. Thermodynamics is our only method of understanding and predicting the behavior of many environmental, atmospheric, and geological processes. The need for Earth scientists to develop a functional knowledge of thermodynamic concepts and methodology is therefore urgent. Sources of an entropy increase the dissipative and self-organizing systems driving the evolution and dynamics of the Universe and Earth through irreversible processes. The non-linear interactions lead to the formation of fractal structures. From the structural phase transformations the important interior boundaries emerge.Non-linear interactions between the defects in solids lead the authors to develop the physics of continua with a dense distribution of defects. Disclinations and dislocations interact during a slow evolution as well as during rapid dynamic events, like earthquakes. Splitting the dynamic processes into the 2D fault done and 3D surrounding space brings a new tool for describing the slip nucleation and propagation along the earthquake faults. Seismic efficiency, rupture velocity, and complexity of seismic source zone are considered from different points of view, fracture band earthquake model is developed on the basis of thermodynamics of line defects, like dislocations. Earthquake thermodynamics offers us a microscopic model of earthquake sources.Physics of defects helps the authors decscribe and explain a number of precursory phenomena caused by the buildup of stresses. Anomalies in electric polarization and electromagnetic radiation prior to earthquakes are considered from this point of view. Through the thermodynamic approach, the authors arrive at the fascinating question of posssibility of earthquake prediction. In general, the Earth is considered here as a multicomponent system. Transport phenomena as well as wave propagation and shock waves are considered in this system subjected also to chemical and phase transformations.

  • Acoustic and Elastic Wave Fields in Geophysics, Part I

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 32
    • Avital Kaufman + 1 more
    • English
    This book is dedicated to basic physical principles of the propagation of acoustic and elastic waves. It consists of two volumes. The first volume includes 8 chapters and extended Appendices explaining mathematical aspects of discussed problems. The first chapter is devoted to Newton's laws, which, along with Hooke's law, govern the behavior of acoustic and elastic waves. Basic concepts of mechanics are used in deriving equations which describe wave phenomena. The second and third chapters deal with free and forced vibrations as well as wave propagation in one dimension along the system of elementary masses and springs which emulates the simplest elastic medium.In addition, shear waves propagation along a finite and infinite string are discussed.In chapter 4 the system of equations describing compressional waves is derived.The concepts of the density of the energy carried by waves, the energy flux, and the Poynting vector are introduced. Chapter 5 is dedicated to propagation ofspherical, cylindrical, and plane waves in homogeneous media, both in time andfrequency domains. Chapter 6 deals with interference and diffraction. Thetreatment is based on Helmholtz and Kirchhoff formulae. The detailed discussion of Fresnel's and Huygens's principles is presented. In Chapter 7 the effects of interference of waves with close wave numbers and frequencies are considered. Concepts such as the wave group, the group velocity, andthe stationary phase important for understanding propagation of dispersive waves are introduced. The final chapter of the first volume is devoted to the principles of geometrical acoustics in inhomogeneous media.

  • Paleoseismology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 62
    • James P. McCalpin
    • English
    Paleoseismology (the study of "ancient" earthquakes) has become an important component of seismic risk analysis, which is mandated for nuclear power plants, dams, waste repositories, and other critical structures. This book is the first in the English language to be devoted solely to paleoseismology. It summarizes the development of the field from the 1960s to the present, encompassing material that is currently widely dispersed in journal articles. The 10 chapters included in this text span the entire range of techniques currently used in paleoseismic reconstruction, and are contributed by active practitioners at the forefront of paleoseismic research.

  • Earthquake Proof Design and Active Faults

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 81
    • Y. Kanaori
    • English
    On 17th January 1995 an inland earthquake of 7.2 magnitude occurred under Kobe city in central Japan. More than 5,500 people lost their lives. There was immense and serious damage to buildings. Researchers and engineers were shocked and astonished by the extent of the devastation and loss of life. Ground motions, generated by the event were far greater than the seismic standard for earthquake-proof designs in Japan.Recent academic progress in the fields of geology and geophysics, which would help to reduce the severity of seismic disasters, has not been sufficiently applied to the development of earthquake-proof designs.This book contains 13 original and innovative papersof interdisciplinary study spanning earthquake-proof technology and active fault science (seven of the papers cover topics concerning the 1995 Kobe earthquake).

  • Modern Global Seismology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 58
    • Thorne Lay + 1 more
    • English
    Intended as an introduction to the field, Modern Global Seismology is a complete, self-contained primer on seismology. It features extensive coverage of all related aspects, from observational data through prediction, emphasizing the fundamental theories and physics governing seismic waves--both natural and anthropogenic. Based on thoroughly class-tested material, the text provides a unique perspective on the earths large-scale internal structure and dynamic processes, particularly earthquake sources, and on the application of theory to the dynamic processes of the earths upper skin. Authored by two experts in the field of geophysics. this insightful text is designed for the first-year graduate course in seismology. Exploration seismologists will also find it an invaluable resource on topics such as elastic-wave propagation, seismicinstrumentati... and seismogram analysis useful in interpreting their high-resolution images of structure for oil and mineral resource exploration.

  • Practical Aspects

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume B
    • English
    Seismic Migration has been widely acclaimed by reviewers: one described it as ``undoubtedly excellent for geophysicists who require a thorough understanding of migration methods'', while another commented: ``Professor Berkhout leads his readers quickly to all essential points. The systematic treatment of the subject in terms of classical principles of acoustics and optics comes as a real refreshment. My professional colleagues value the book...''