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Elsevier

Books in Neuropathology

This selection offers insights into disease mechanisms, tissue pathology, and diagnostic techniques in neurological disorders. Supporting neuropathologists and clinicians, it features advances in brain tissue analysis, biomarkers, and post-mortem studies to enhance diagnosis and understanding of brain diseases.

  • The Brainstem

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 216
    • English
    This volume on Brainstem consolidates research for a complete understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the Brainstem and how it affects assorted other systems in the body. The brainstem impacts breathing, the gastrointestinal system, the cardiac system, mood, pain, wakefulness, consciousness, and sleep. Pathologies can impact vision, motor control, hearing, balance, blood supply and is particularly involved in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s. The volume discusses how the brainstem operates in full health, pathologies associated with the brainstem and their impact, methods for monitoring brainstem function, and diagnosis and treatment of brainstem disorders. Monitoring and intervention is reliant on technologies to assess function. This volume will include CT, MRI, USG, angiography, BERA, and functional imaging.

  • Cholinergic Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 211
    • A. Claudio Cuello
    • English
    Cholinergic Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Volume 211 reviews cholinergic function in the brain as it relates to Neurodegenerative disorders. Coverage includes Alzheimer’s, dementia, Down Syndrome, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, ALS, and more. In addition, the anatomy of the cholinergic system is described as well as the distribution and function of receptors.

  • Cerebral Asymmetries

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 208
    • English
    Cerebral Asymmetries, Volume 208 summarizes research on cerebral hemispheric asymmetries and their implication for consciousness cognition, language emotion, behavior movement, and neurological disease. The book discusses anatomy and networks, genetics, hormones, and evolution, although it is primarily focused on animal research as it relates back to humans.

  • A Review on Diverse Neurological Disorders

    Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutics
    • 1st Edition
    • Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia + 2 more
    • English
    A Review of Diverse Neurological Disorders: Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutics offers an unparalleled compilation of the current understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. This book investigates the origins of mental disorders, encompassing bacterial and fungal invasions, viral assaults, and genetic predispositions, providing readers with a thorough grasp of the neurological landscape. Each chapter dissects the intricacies of these incapacitating conditions, ranging from the pathogenesis of central nervous system tuberculosis to the involvement of endocannabinoids in rabies infection. Topics such as neuroinflammation, axonal pathology, and the intricate relationship between diet, gut microbiomes, and cognitive decline are also explored. This book conducts an extensive examination of neurodegeneration, incorporating discussions on the role of probiotics and natural bioactive compounds in preventing ailments such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). With meticulous analyses of vitamins, micronutrients, antioxidants, and nutraceuticals, this work offers a roadmap for promoting neuroprotection. A Review of Diverse Neurological Disorders serves as a resource that not only reviews the current understanding but also lays the groundwork for future treatments and innovations.

  • Neuroglia: Function and Pathology

    • 1st Edition
    • Alexei Verkhratsky + 1 more
    • English
    Diverse specialised neuroglial cells guarantee the development, preservation, and health of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the special senses. In the central nervous system, it is the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia that safeguard nerve cell function and integrity that controls all behaviours and encompasses the cerebral cortex of the brain which is the root of humanity. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells play the leading role, together with satellite glial cells of the sensory and autonomic ganglia, ensuring correct communication between the organs and tissues with the brain and the spinal cord. In the enteric nervous system, specialised enteric glial cells maintain all aspects of gastrointestinal function. Then there are distinctive glial cells of the special senses that ensure how the body perceives and reacts to its environment. In pathology, neuroglia strive to protect the diverse cellular components of the nervous system and are responsible for a proactive programme of posttraumatic restructuring that is aimed at recovery of life-sustaining function. Neuroglia: Function and Pathology provides a highly original and comprehensive account of the physiology and pathophysiology of glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The first part of the book provides a far-reaching description of glial cell form and function, from their evolution in invertebrates to their complexity in humans, encompassing the developmental origin of the varied glial cell types and their diversity of morphology, molecular biology and cellular physiology. The second part of the book is devoted to an all-embracing evaluation of glial cell pathophysiology, commencing with definitive explanations of the fundamental pathologies of the main glial cell types, and ending in a systematic examination of glial contributions to specific neurological diseases. This book emphasises the central roles played by the different classes of neuroglial cells in the progression and outcome of neurological disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems and highlights potential of glial cells as therapeutic targets. The book contains more than 2500 key references from over 150 years of glial research and is superbly illustrated with over 350 original and explanatory full colour figures that describe the diverse characteristics and properties of glial cells in health and disease. Under the same cover, this book combines an authoritative reference book for research and clinical neuroscientists and at the same time serves as an instructive textbook for students of neuroscience, from undergraduates to postgraduates.

  • Mitochondrial Diseases

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 194
    • English
    Mitochondrial Diseases, Volume 194 presents the most common clinical manifestations, providing an up-to-date summaries on the clinical presentations, diagnostic processes, genetic counseling and treatment options in mitochondrial diseases. Contents include specialist biochemical analyses and targeted molecular genetic testing, as well as first-line genome-wide sequencing to accelerate speed of diagnosis while avoiding time-consuming, expensive and invasive investigations. Establishing a genetic diagnosis allows patients with mitochondrial diseases to have reproductive options, all of which are covered within.This book is intended for neurologists to help them recognize and manage patients with mitochondrial diseases.

  • Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Egyptian Fruit Bat

    • 1st Edition
    • Raya Eilam-Altstadter + 3 more
    • English
    The Stereotaxic Brain Atlas of the Egyptian Fruit Bat provides the first stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), an emerging model in neuroscience. This atlas contains coronal brain sections stained with cresyl violet (Nissl), AChE, and Parvalbumin – all stereotaxically calibrated. It will serve the needs of any neuroscientist who wishes to work with these bats – allowing to precisely target specific brain areas for electrophysiology, optogenetics, pharmacology, and lesioning. More broadly, this atlas will be useful to all neuroscientists working with bats, as it delineates many brain regions that were not delineated so far in any bat species. Finally, this atlas will provide a useful resource for researchers interested in comparative neuroanatomy of the mammalian brain.

  • The Human Hypothalamus

    Neuropsychiatric Disorders
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 182
    • Dick F. Swaab + 4 more
    • English
    The Human Hypothalamus: Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Volume 181 in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, provides comprehensive summaries of recent research on the brain and nervous system as they relate to clinical neurology. This volume identifies the neurobiology and neurophysiology of disorders relating to the hypothalamus and provides treatment information for these disorders. Disorders covered include neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, periodic, and autoimmune disorders. Coverage includes Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, epilepsy, sleep, pain, depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD, schizophrenia, autism, aggressions, addiction, and more.

  • Diseases of the Nervous System

    • 2nd Edition
    • Harald Sontheimer
    • English
    The study of the brain continues to expand at a rapid pace providing fascinating insights into the basic mechanisms underlying nervous system illnesses. New tools, ranging from genome sequencing to non-invasive imaging, and research fueled by public and private investment in biomedical research has been transformative in our understanding of nervous system diseases and has led to an explosion of published primary research articles. Diseases of the Nervous System, Second Edition, summarizes the current state of basic and clinical knowledge for the most common neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. In a systematic progression, each chapter covers either a single disease or a group of related disorders ranging from static insults to primary and secondary progressive neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental illnesses, illnesses resulting from nervous system infection and neuropsychiatric conditions. Chapters follow a common format and are stand-alone units, each covering disease history, clinical presentation, disease mechanisms and treatment protocols. Dr. Sontheimer also includes two chapters which discuss common concepts shared among the disorders and how new findings are being translated from the bench to the bedside. In a final chapter, he explains the most commonly used neuroscience jargon. The chapters address controversial issues in current day neuroscience research including translational research, drug discovery, ethical issues, and the promises of personalized medicine. This new edition features new chapters on Pain and Addiction to highlight the growing opioid crisis and the ethical issue of prescriptions drug abuse. This book provides an introduction for course adoption and an introductory tutorial for students, scholars, researchers and medical professionals interested in learning the state of the art concerning our understanding and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. Each chapter includes suggested further readings and/or journal club recommendations.

  • Epidemiology of Brain and Spinal Tumors

    • 1st Edition
    • Jahangir Moini + 2 more
    • English
    Epidemiology of Brain and Spinal Tumors provides a single volume resource on imaging methods and neuroepidemiology of both brain and spinal tumors. The book covers a variety of imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT), MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), and other laboratory tests used in diagnosis and treatment. Detailed epidemiology, various imaging methods, and clinical considerations of tumors of the CNS make this an ideal reference for users who will also find diverse information about structures and functions, cytology, epidemiology (including molecular epidemiology), diagnosis and treatment. This book is appropriate for neuroscience researchers, medical professionals and anyone interested in a complete guide to visualizing and understanding CNS tumors.

  • Paxinos and Franklin's the Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Compact

    The Coronal Plates and Diagrams
    • 5th Edition
    • Keith B.J. Franklin + 1 more
    • English
    Paxinos and Franklin's The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Compact Fifth Edition, is the compact version of the most widely used and cited atlas of the mouse brain in print. It emulates in design and accuracy Paxinos and Watson’s The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, the most cited publication in neuroscience. The compact edition provides the coronal plates and diagrams of the full mouse atlas in a smaller, more convenient spiral format and at a student friendly price. High resolution digital photographs of the coronal plane of section from the full 5th edition complement the coronal drawings. Unique to the compact, it includes an introduction to the use of the atlas in stereotaxic surgery.

  • Paxinos and Franklin's the Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates

    • 5th Edition
    • George Paxinos + 1 more
    • English
    Paxinos and Franklin’s The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Fifth Edition, emulates in design and accuracy Paxinos and Watson’s The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, the most cited publication in neuroscience.

  • Atlas of the Developing Rat Nervous System

    • 4th Edition
    • George Paxinos + 1 more
    • English
    Paxinos and Ashwell's Atlas of the Developing Rat Nervous System, Fourth Edition, builds on the many excellent features of previous editions that have made this book the most cited atlas of the developing rat brain. It provides the most comprehensive depiction of not only the structures in the brain and spinal cord, but also of the peripheral nervous system and target organs that are important for developmental neurobiologists, allowing the user to follow neural structures through the developing embryo in both time and space. The nomenclature and identification of structures in this edition have been thoroughly updated to ensure accuracy and compatibility.

  • Fragile X Syndrome

    From Genetics to Targeted Treatment
    • 1st Edition
    • Rob Willemsen + 1 more
    • English
    Fragile X Syndrome: From Genetics to Targeted Treatment provides a structured overview of the molecular and clinical background of the disorder as well as treatment options. The book discusses the detailed molecular information on each of the pathways involved with sufficient details for all whose research touches this pathway. It provides a state-of-the-art update on all clinical aspects associated with this syndrome, including phenotype, diagnostics and epidemiology. It also includes an overview of the lessons learned from the preclinical research and pioneering trials on the fragile X syndrome for the investigators involved in clinical trials of neurodevelopmental disorders. This book is written for academic researchers, pharmaceutical investigators, and clinicians in the field who work on the disorder, and for researchers involved in clinical trials of the fragile X syndrome or related disorders. “This fascinating book, edited by Rob Willemsen and Frank Kooy, summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular aspects of fragile X syndrome (FXS), andthe potential for therapies resulting from this knowledge...Particul... interesting is a review “fragile X research from a parental perspective,” which summarizes the results of an international survey of the attitudes of families with FXS relatives towards research…This book is also an essential reference book for genetic counselors...The book provides counselors with the necessary biological background for proper explanations to the relatives of FXS patients. Many parents acquire a substantial knowledge of the conditions afflicting their children. The book will be helpful for both families and counselors to manage the expectations of families participating in clinical trials…In conclusion, this book is essential for everyone who is involved in the diagnosis and treatment of FXS patients.” - European Journal of Human Genetics (September 2018)

  • Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 143
    • English
    Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations, Volume 143, is the latest addition in the ongoing HCN series, an evidence-based compendium which addresses both the scientific and clinical aspects of this unique disease process. The volume covers didactic aspects, such as the epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of AVMs, while also providing expert clinical information on the management and treatment of these lesions. In addition, it provides coverage of modern-day advances in the genetics of cavernous malformations, as well as discussion regarding future open research questions. Readers from the laboratory bench to the bedside can expect a broad, yet objective, review of this pathology, with updates from the latest scientific literature and data supporting current practices.

  • Adenosine Receptors in Neurodegenerative Diseases

    • 1st Edition
    • David Blum + 1 more
    • English
    Adenosine Receptors in Neurodegenerative Diseases covers the role of adenosine receptors in brain function, also focusing on related methodologies and perspectives in therapeutics. The book provides an up-to-date overview by the best specialists in the field, helping readers consider the importance of adenosine and expand the global impact and visibility of adenosine research in the CNS field. Chapters include adenosine biology and signaling, gene regulation, control of motor function, and novel adenosine-based therapies in the CNS. It is an ideal resource for researchers, advanced graduate students, clinicians, and industry scientists working in the fields of clinical neuroscience and molecular and cellular neuroscience.

  • Addictive Substances and Neurological Disease

    Alcohol, Tobacco, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse in Everyday Lifestyles
    • 1st Edition
    • Ronald Ross Watson + 1 more
    • English
    Addictive Substances and Neurological Disease: Alcohol, Tobacco, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse in Everyday Lifestyles is a complete guide to the manifold effects of addictive substances on the brain, providing readers with the latest developing research on how these substances are implicated in neurological development and dysfunction. Cannabis, cocaine, and other illicit drugs can have substantial negative effects on the structure and functioning of the brain. However, other common habituating and addictive substances often used as part of an individual’s lifestyle, i.e., alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, painkillers can also compromise brain health and effect or accentuate neurological disease. This book provides broad coverage of the effects of addictive substances on the brain, beginning with an overview of how the substances lead to dysfunction before examining each substance in depth. It discusses the pathology of addiction, the structural damage resulting from abuse of various substances, and covers the neurobiological, neurodegenerative, behavioral, and cognitive implications of use across the lifespan, from prenatal exposure, to adolescence and old age. This book aids researchers seeking an understanding of the neurological changes that these substances induce, and is also extremely useful for those seeking potential treatments and therapies for individuals suffering from chronic abuse of these substances.

  • Critical Care Neurology Part II

    Neurology of Critical Illness
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 141
    • English
    Critical Care Neurology, Part II: Neurology of Critical Illness focuses on the care specialists and general neurologists that consult in the ICU and their work with patients in acute, life-threatening situations who are dealing with neurologic or neurosurgical crises emanating from either a preexisting neurologic syndrome or from a new neurologic complication appearing as a result of another medical or surgical critical illness. These two separate clinical situations form the pillars of neurocritical care, hence these practices are addressed via two separate, but closely related, HCN volumes. Chapters in both focus on pathophysiology and management, and are tailored for both general neurologists and active neurocritical specialists, with a specific focus on management over diagnostics. Part I addresses the principles of neurocritical care and the management of various neurologic diseases. Part II addresses the interplay between neurologic complications and the surgical, medical, cardiac, and trauma of critical illnesses that most typically present in the ICU.

  • Cardioskeletal Myopathies in Children and Young Adults

    • 1st Edition
    • John Lynn Jefferies + 3 more
    • English
    Cardioskeletal Myopathies in Children and Young Adults focuses on plaques that kill people in their 40’s-50’s and the way they start to form in young adulthood. The Annals of Family Medicine report that approximately half of young adults have at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor (Mar 2010), and an increase in cardiovascular mortality rates in young adults was substantiated in a study at Northwestern Medicine (Nov 2011). Given the increasing recognition of genetic triggers behind all types of cardiovascular disease, and the growing population of young adults with primary or acquired myocardial disease, the need has arisen for a reference that offers a comprehensive approach to the understanding of basic, translational, and clinical aspects of specific muscle diseases while making the link between young adult and adult health.

  • Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

    • 1st Edition
    • Tapan Khan
    • English
    Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease provides a comprehensive overview of all modalities of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, including neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, genomic, and peripheral systems. Each chapter integrates molecular/cellular abnormality due to Alzheimer’s disease and technological advancement of biomarkers techniques.The book is ideal for clinical neuroscience and molecular/cellular neuroscience researchers, psychiatrists, and allied healthcare practitioners involved in the diagnosis and management of patients with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, and for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease with other non-Alzheimer’s dementia.

  • Astrocytes and Epilepsy

    • 1st Edition
    • Jacqueline A. Hubbard + 1 more
    • English
    Epilepsy is a devastating group of neurological disorders characterized by periodic and unpredictable seizure activity in the brain. There is a critical need for new drugs and approaches given than at least one-third of all epilepsy patients are not made free of seizures by existing medications and become "medically refractory". Much of epilepsy research has focused on neuronal therapeutic targets, but current antiepileptic drugs often cause severe cognitive, developmental, and behavioral side effects. Recent findings indicate a critical contribution of astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells in the brain, to neuronal and network excitability and seizure activity. Furthermore, many important cellular and molecular changes occur in astrocytes in epileptic tissue in both humans and animal models of epilepsy. The goal of Astrocytes and Epilepsy is to comprehensively review exciting findings linking changes in astrocytes to functional changes responsible for epilepsy for the first time in book format. These insights into astrocyte contribution to seizure susceptibility indicate that astrocytes may represent an important new therapeutic target in the control of epilepsy. Astrocytes and Epilepsy includes background explanatory text on astrocyte morphology and physiology, epilepsy models and syndromes, and evidence from both human tissue studies and animal models linking functional changes in astrocytes to epilepsy. Beautifully labelled diagrams are presented and relevant figures from the literature are reproduced to elucidate key findings and concepts in this rapidly emerging field. Astrocytes and Epilepsy is written for neuroscientists, epilepsy researchers, astrocyte investigators as well as neurologists and other specialists caring for patients with epilepsy.

  • Brain Metastases from Primary Tumors, Volume 3

    Epidemiology, Biology, and Therapy of Melanoma and Other Cancers
    • 1st Edition
    • M. A. Hayat
    • English
    Brain Metastases from Primary Tumors Volume Three: Epidemiology, Biology, and Therapy of Melanoma and Other Cancers provides a comprehensive overview of the metastasis of cancer, the main cause of approximately 90% of cancer associated deaths, yet the mechanisms governing this clinically important process remain poorly understood. Melanoma is the third most common diagnosis among patients with brain metastases, after lung and breast cancer. Approximately 75% of patients with metastatic melanoma develop brain metastases during the course of their disease. Although tumorigenesis of melanoma remains poorly understood, recent advances in gene expression profiling have revealed molecular mechanisms of this deadly disease. In addition, high-throughput gene expression has many advantages over techniques in cancer transcriptomic studies and has led to the discovery of numerous diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets, which are also detailed in this book. The book discusses the link between primary tumors and brain metastasis of melanoma, including molecular mechanisms, treatment options, prognosis, and general applications. Comprehensive chapters discuss systemic therapy, integrin inhibitors, stereotaxic radiosurgery, and more, making this book a great resource for neurooncologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, and cancer researchers.

  • Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse Volume 1

    Foundations of Understanding, Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabinoids and Opioids
    • 1st Edition
    • Victor R. Preedy
    • English
    Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse, Volume One: Foundations of Understanding, Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabinoids, Opioids and Emerging Addictions provides the latest research in an area that shows that the neuropathological features of one addiction are often applicable to those of others. The book also details how a further understanding of these commonalties can provide a platform for the study of specific addictions in greater depth, all in an effort to create new modes of understanding, causation, prevention, and treatment. The three volumes in this series address new research and challenges, offering comprehensive coverage on the adverse consequences of the most common drugs of abuse, with each volume serving to update the reader’s knowledge on the broader field of addiction, while also deepening our understanding of specific addictive substances. Volume One addresses tobacco, alcohol, cannabinoids, and opioids, with each section providing data on the general, molecular/cellular, and structural/functiona... neurological aspects of a given substance, along with a focus on the adverse consequences of addictions.

  • Gliomas

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 134
    • English
    Researchers’ knowledge of gliomas continues to advance rapidly at both the basic and translational levels, and Gliomas provides a thorough overview of the evolving fields of tumor biology and clinical medicine as they relate to our understanding of brain tumors. Gliomas reviews the current paradigms that underlie these fields, beginning with the molecular epidemiology of glioma susceptibility and prognosis through population-based science and genome-wide association studies. The book’s discussion of imaging modalities extends beyond advances in anatomical imaging to include metabolic and physiological studies. This work provides thorough discussion of the clinical view of tumors, ranging from the presentation of the patient to surgical management, and covers all therapeutic options for patient care, including chemotherapy, targeted molecular therapies, immunotherapies, and even personalized approaches to impact the set of lesions. Additionally, the book discusses radiotherapy with regard to the many options available to treat patients using myriad fractionated techniques with various sources. Finally, Gliomas reviews issues specific to the quality of life for patients, and techniques for maximizing the effect of caregivers. Edited and authored by premier researchers from around the world, Gliomas is a comprehensive reference for clinicians and researchers seeking the most up-to-date information on gliomas, and a guide to the best ways to effectively manage glioma patients and their care.

  • Genes, Environment and Alzheimer's Disease

    • 1st Edition
    • Orly Lazarov + 1 more
    • English
    Genes, Environment and Alzheimer's Disease discusses the role that activities such as exercise can play in cardiovascular health, while also highlighting the fact that the last 10 years have brought great discoveries in the strong environmental component of brain disorders, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. It is now clear that brain insult is an environmental risk factor for AD, while on the other hand, lifestyle components such as exercise and level of education may play a protective role, delaying the onset and/or severity of the disease. Evidence from experiments in rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease contributes major insight into the molecular mechanisms by which the environment plays its role in AD. Additionally, there are diseases related to lifestyle that may lead to AD. This volume reviews new discoveries related to all these factors, serving as a translational tool for clinicians and researchers interested in genetic and environmental risk factors for the disease.

  • Intracellular Consequences of Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael R. D'Andrea
    • English
    Consequences of Intracellular Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease addresses one of the more currently unresolved aspects confounding Alzheimer’s research, the significance of intraneuronal amyloid. It seeks to explain some of the unresolved questions concerning intracellular amyloid and its origin, entry, and toxicity. Following up on Dr. D’Andrea’s first book, Bursting Neurons and Fading Memories: An Alternative Hypothesis for the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease, this book further examines the Inside-Out or Bursting alternative hypothesis of how amyloid escapes the circulatory system to ultimately enter neurons, also examining whether there is a relationship between intracellular amyloid, amyloid plaques, and cognitive impairment. Through a comprehensive explanation of the currently relevant scientific research on intracellular amyloid compiled in this handy reference, readers will better understand the mechanisms that lead to neuron death.

  • Essential Clinically Applied Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System in the Head and Neck

    • 1st Edition
    • Paul Rea
    • English
    Essential Clinically Applied Anatomy of the Nerves in the Head and Neck presents the reader with an easy access format to clinically-applied peripheral nervous system (PNS) anatomy. Perfect for a quick reference to essential details. The chapters review nerves of the head and neck, the origin(s), course, distribution and relevant pathologies affecting each are given, where relevant. The pathologies present typical injuries to the nerves of the PNS, as well as clinical findings on examination and treatments. It details modern clinical approaches to the surgery and other treatments of these nerve pathologies, as applicable to the clinical scenario.

  • Diseases of the Nervous System

    • 1st Edition
    • Harald Sontheimer
    • English
    The study of the brain continues to expand at a rapid pace providing fascinating insights into the basic mechanisms underlying nervous system illnesses. New tools, ranging from genome sequencing to non-invasive imaging, and research fueled by public and private investment in biomedical research has been transformative in our understanding of nervous system diseases and has led to an explosion of published primary research articles. Diseases of the Nervous System summarizes the current state of basic and clinical knowledge for the most common neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. In a systematic progression, each chapter covers either a single disease or a group of related disorders ranging from static insults to primary and secondary progressive neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental illnesses, illnesses resulting from nervous system infection and neuropsychiatric conditions. Chapters follow a common format and are stand-alone units, each covering disease history, clinical presentation, disease mechanisms and treatment protocols. Dr. Sontheimer also includes two chapters which discuss common concepts shared among the disorders and how new findings are being translated from the bench to the bedside. In a final chapter, he explains the most commonly used neuroscience jargon. The chapters address controversial issues in current day neuroscience research including translational research, drug discovery, ethical issues, and the promises of personalized medicine. This book provides an introduction for course adoption and an introductory tutorial for students, scholars, researchers and medical professionals interested in learning the state of the art concerning our understanding and treatment of diseases of the nervous system.

  • Bursting Neurons and Fading Memories

    An Alternative Hypothesis of the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael R. D'Andrea
    • English
    Advances in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research have been challenging and without major breakthroughs in understanding its pathological basis. The reigning hypothesis suggests AD is the result of extracellular amyloid deposition that seed to form amyloid plaques, which then grow and kill neighboring neurons. However, there are several inconsistencies with this hypothesis, not to mention the inability to show clinical benefit in several failed clinical trials by pharmaceuticals (i.e., from Pfizer, Eli Lilly, etc.), and it is in the field’s best interest to explore and test multiple hypotheses for pathology rather than drive the majority of research on this single amyloid theory. Reviewing many scientifically peer-reviewed publications, this book describes the "Inside-Out" hypothesis on how amyloid escapes the circulatory system through a dysfunctional blood-brain barrier to bind to the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on pyramidal neurons. Over time, excessive amounts of amyloid appear to be internalized, resulting in neuron death and lysis. This simple mechanism readily explains plaque composition, size, shape, and location. Based on the current direction of research in the field, this hypothesis appears years from any research and development.

  • Forensic Neuropathology

    A Practical Review of the Fundamentals
    • 1st Edition
    • Hideo H. Itabashi MD + 4 more
    • English
    Forensic Neuropathology provides superior visual examples of the more commonly encountered conditions in forensic neuropathology and answers questions that arise regarding neuropathological findings. The work includes values for frequently-encounter... clinical assessments, and contains a more comprehensive summary of aging/dating of various neuropathological processes than is available in any other single current source. General pathology residents, forensic pathology and neuropathology fellows, and general pathologists and clinicians involved in referred cases will find this book extremely useful, as will individuals in allied fields such as law enforcement officers and attorneys. Forensic Neuropathology aims to: (1) provide a concise summary of practical information frequently needed in forensic neuropathology cases; (2) include selected material previously known but perhaps not significantly emphasized in current literature; and (3) where possible, to suggest aging/dating parameters for certain neuropathological findings relevant to forensic neuropathology testimony. As a selective reference, the volume emphasizes practical issues and focuses on the most commonly encountered issues among neuropathology and medical examiner professionals.

  • Diagnostic Atlas of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

    A New Histology-based Method
    • 1st Edition
    • Parakrama T. Chandrasoma
    • English
    Gastroesophageal reflux is one of the most common maladies of mankind. Approximately 40% of the adult population of the USA suffers from significant heartburn and the numerous antacids advertised incessantly on national television represents a $8 billion per year drug market. The ability to control acid secretion with the increasingly effective acid-suppressive agents such as the H2 blockers (pepcid, zantac) and proton pump inhibitors (nexium, prevacid) has given physicians an excellent method of treating the symptoms of acid reflux.Unfortunately... this has not eradicated reflux disease. It has just changed its nature. While heartburn, ulceration and strictures have become rare, reflux-induced adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is becoming increasingly common. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia is now the most rapidly increasing cancer type in the Western world.At present, there is no histologic test that has any practical value in the diagnosis of reflux disease. The only histologic diagnostic criteria are related to changes in the squamous epithelium which are too insensitive and nonspecific for effective patient management. It is widely recognized that columnar metaplasia of the esophagus (manifest histologically as cardiac, oxyntocardiac and intestinal epithelia) is caused by reflux. However, except for intestinal metaplasia, which is diagnostic for Barrett esophagus, these columnar epithelia are not used to diagnose reflux disease in biopsies. The reason for this is that these epithelial types are indistinguishable from "normal" "gastric" cardiac mucosa. In standard histology texts, this "normal gastric cardia" is 2-3 cm long.In the mid-1990s, Dr. Chandrasoma and his team at USC produced autopsy data suggesting that cardiac and oxyntocardiac mucosa is normally absent from this region and that their presence in biopsies was histologic evidence of reflux disease. From this data, they determined that the presence of cardiac mucosa was a pathologic entity caused by reflux and could therefore be used as a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic criterion for the histologic diagnosis of reflux disease. They call this entity "reflux carditis". In addition, the length of these metaplastic columnar epithelia in the esophagus was an accurate measure of the severity of reflux disease in a given patient.At present, there is some controversy over whether cardiac mucosa is totally absent or present normally to the extent of 0-4 mm. While this should not be a deterrent to changing criteria which are dependent on there normally being 20-30 cm of cardiac mucosa, there has been little mainstream attempt to change existing endoscopic and pathologic diagnostic criteria in the mainstream of either gastroenterology or pathology. The ATLAS will be the source of easily digestible practical information for pathologists faced with biopsies from this region. It will also guide gastroenterologists as they biopsy these patients.

  • Disorders of Synaptic Plasticity and Schizophrenia

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 59
    • English
    Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder that affects 1% of the population. Its cause is due to the interaction of a number of abnormal genes with environmental factors. This book summarizes new advances schizophrenia research that focus on the field of neural and synaptic plasticity. Synapses in the brain in schizophrenia show a wide range of disorders, both structural and functional. This volume covers the most active and promising of these new developments, and opens up new avenues for the treatment of schizophrenia.

  • Functional Neuroanatomy of the Nitric Oxide System

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 17
    • H.W.M. Steinbusch + 2 more
    • English
    This volume of the Handbook of Neuroanatomy is concerned with nitric oxide synthase. In this volume different research areas are presented together, which adds up to the first major review volume on the localization of nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system. The subjects range from developmental aspects in vertebrates to a functional neuroanatomy of the nervous system in vertebrates. This presentation gives an impressive look on the overwhelming presence of NOS in animal organism and the significance of NO - cGMP signaling. By clearly stating the limitations of our present knowledge the book is also a stimulant for further research. This book presents for the first time an overview of NOS and NO-cGMP signaling in the retina and urogenital system. In addition the effects if injuries on the expression of NOS are summarized in a number of models, which has not been done before.The frame of the book is a classical neuroanatomic description of the localization of NOS. Several authors give detailed advice to prevent pitfalls which may occur when different methods to locate NOS are used. In addition, several chapters detail the target structures for NO while describing the localization of NOS at the same time.All these points together make this volume very timely, i.e. overviewing a decade of NO research.

  • Chemical Factors in Neural Growth, Degeneration and Repair

    • 1st Edition
    • C. Bell
    • English
    This volume provides an up-to-date survey of current thinking concerning the actions of chemical factors in the regulation of neuronal behaviour under normal and pathological conditions. The book is divided into four sections, dealing with chemical factors involved with the formation of axon pathways, factors involved with neuronal survival and specialization during normal development, factors involved in normal maintenance and repair of adult neurons and, finally, factors that have been implicated as mediators of degenerative changes in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

  • Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume .
    • English
    Neuroscience Perspectives provides multidisciplinary reviews of topics in one of the most divers and rapidly advancing fields in the life sciences. Whether you are a new recruit to neuroscience, or an established expert, look to this series for 'one-stop' sources of the historical, physiological, pharmacological, biochemical, molecular biological, and therapeutic aspects of chosen research areas.