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Elsevier

North Holland

  • Wide-band-gap Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • C.G. Van de Walle
    • English
    Wide-band-gap semiconductors have been a research topic for many decades. However, it is only in recent years that the promise for technological applications came to be realized; simultaneously an upsurge of experimental and theoretical activity in the field has been witnessed. Semiconductors with wide band gaps exhibit unique electronic and optical properties. Their low intrinsic carrier concentrations and high breakdown voltage allow high-temperature and high-power applications (diamond, SiC etc.). The short wavelength of band-to-band transitions allows emission in the green, blue, or even UV region of the spectrum (ZnSe, GaN, etc.). In addition, many of these materials have favorable mechanical and thermal characteristics.Thes... proceedings reflect the exciting progress made in this field. Successful p-type doping of ZnSe has recently led to the fabrication of blue-green injection lasers in ZnSe; applications of short-wavelength light-emitting devices range from color displays to optical storage. In SiC, advances in growth techniques for bulk as well as epitaxial material have made the commercial production of high-temperature and high-frequency devices possible. For GaN, refinement of growth procedures and new ways of obtaining doped material have resulted in blue-light-emitting diodes and opened the road to the development of laser diodes. Finally, while the quality of artificial diamond is not yet high enough for electronic applications, the promise it holds in terms of unique material properties is encouraging intense activity in the field.This volume contains contributions from recognized experts presently working on different material systems in the field. The papers cover the theoretical, experimental and application-oriented aspects of this exciting topic.

  • Hydrogen in Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • M. Stutzmann + 1 more
    • English
    Hydrogen on semiconductor surfaces has been an area of considerable activity over the last two decades. Structural, thermal, and dynamical properties of hydrogen chemisorbed on crystalline silicon and other semiconductors have been studied in great detail. These properties serve as a reference for related, but more complex systems such as hydrogen at multiple vacancies in crystalline semiconductors or at microvoids in amorphous samples. Interesting from a surface physics point of view is the fact that hydrogen as a monovalent element is an ideal terminator for unsaturated bonds on surfaces and therefore tends to have a large influence on surface reconstruction. A related phenomenon with large technological impact (for example in low cost solar cells) is the passivation of grain boundaries in microcrystalline semiconductors. Finally, hydrogenated semiconductor surfaces always appear as a boundary layer during low-energy hydrogenation of bulk semiconductors, so that a complete description of hydrogen uptake or desorption necessarily has to take these surfaces into account.This collection of invited and contributed papers has been carefully balanced to deal with amorphous and crystalline semiconductors and surfaces and presents basic and experimental work (basic and applied) as well as theory. The resulting volume presents a summary of the state-of-the-art in the field of hydrogen in semiconductors and will hopefully stimulate future work in this area.

  • Measurement Evaluation

    • 1st Edition
    • A. Boros
    • English
    The information obtained about a measured object is called ``crude'' measurement information and must be related to the conditions under which the measurement took place. Using ``crude'' measurement information as a starting point, evaluation produces physically correctly interpreted data with their estimated (or corrected) error. Although a number of works deal with the evaluation of measurements, they either appeared a long time ago or serve essentially different aims. This book gives a comprehensive and current overview on the basic principles, aids, devices, and methods in the evaluation of measurements performed in all fields of technology and science in order to gain information about physical or technical objects. It also provides an introduction to the more recent problem areas such as frequency analysis, stochastic measurement information, real time treatment of measurement information, etc.The book will prove useful in solving the problem areas encountered by those involved in measurement technology and measurement evaluation. It will also serve as an introduction to those not possessing any specialized and advanced technical training in the subject matter.

  • Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • S. Ichimaru
    • English
    Charged particles in dense matter exhibit strong correlations due to the exchange and Coulomb interactions, and thus make a strongly coupled plasma. Examples in laboratory and astrophysical settings include solid and liquid metals, semiconductors, charged particles in lower dimensions such as those trapped in interfacial states of condensed matter or beams, dense multi-ionic systems such a superionic conductors and inertial-confinement... plasmas . The aim of the conference was to elucidate the various physical processes involved in these dense materials. The subject areas covered include plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics and astrophysics.

  • Selected Topics in Group IV and II-VI Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 54
    • E.H.C. Parker + 4 more
    • English
    This book contains the proceedings of two symposia which brought together crystal growers, chemists and physicists from across the world. The first part is concerned with silicon molecular beam epitaxy and presents an overview of the most research being done in the field.Part two discusses the problems dealing with purification, doping and defects of II-VI materials, mainly of the important semiconductors CdTe and ZnSe. The focus is on materials science issues which are the key for a better understanding of these materials and for any industrial application.

  • An Analysis of the Information Technology Standardization Process

    • 1st Edition
    • J.L. Berg + 1 more
    • English
    A number of important issues form the basis of this book: How can the Information Technology (IT) standardization process, leading to unified products which are needed on the market, be made more efficient? Which current IT standards are of high quality, what factors have led to that high quality, and can those factors be re-created for other IT standards? What improvements to the quality of IT standards are needed? Which organizations should be involved? What permanent changes in the IT standardization scene are necessary? At what point in the evolution of a technology is it appropriate to produce standards? Is strategic planning feasible in the current standardization approach? Diverse disciplines contributed to the findings in this book: computer scientists, standardization leaders and professionals, users and vendors, economists, auditors, software implementors, and communication specialists.

  • Magnetic Properties of Fine Particles

    • 1st Edition
    • J.L. Dormann + 1 more
    • English
    The aim of this volume is to advance the understanding of the fundamental properties of fine magnetic particles and to discuss the latest developments from both the theoretical and experimental viewpoints, with special emphasis being placed on the applications in different branches of science and technology.All aspects of fine magnetic particles are covered in the 46 papers. The topics are remarkably interdisciplinary covering theory, materials preparation, structural characterization, optical and electrical properties, magnetic properties studied by different techniques and applications. Some new fundamental properties, such as quantum tunneling and transverse fluctuations of magnetic moments are also explored. Research workers involved in these aspects of materials technology will find this book of great interest.

  • Atomic Physics 10

    • 1st Edition
    • H. Narumi + 1 more
    • English
    Atomic Physics 10 presents the manuscripts of the invited talks delivered at the ICAP-X. The conference continued the tradition of the earlier conferences by reviewing broad areas of fundamental atomic physics and related subjects. In addition to the invited talks two hundred and fifty four contributed papers were presented in two poster sessions. The conference was attended by three hundred and thirty participants from twenty countries and the topics covered include:- fundamental atomic physics including QED; - parity violation and quark physics; - exotic atoms; - electronic structure of atoms and the dynamics associated with advanced laser spectroscopy; - applied and interdisciplinary fields using synchrotron radiation spectroscopy; - atomic processes in hot plasmas and interstellar space; - the quantum Hall effect in solids.

  • Semimetals

    1. Graphite and its Compounds
    • 1st Edition
    • N.B. Brandt + 2 more
    • English
    ``Semimetals'' presents, for the first time in the literature, a consistent and unifying treatment of semimetals (As, Bi, Sb, Bi-Sb alloys, graphite and its compounds). It describes their structural features and their electric, magnetic, galvanomagnetic, thermoelectric, optical, magneto-optical, acoustic, thermal, and mechanical properties on the basis of modern concepts of the electron and phonon energy spectra.The book discusses in detail the character of the changes in the energy spectrum and properties of semimetals due to temperature variations, application of a magnetic field, pressure, anisotropic strain, doping by donor, acceptor and neutral impurities, which indicate how the above properties may be altered and how materials with preassigned parameters can be produced. Furthermore, it discusses specific phenomena associated with low dimensionality and the very low carrier density, such as quantum oscillations and magnetoplasma behaviour.

  • Superconducting and Low-Temperature Particle Detectors

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • G. Waysand + 1 more
    • English
    As demonstrated by the contributions in this volume, the domain of superconducting and low-temperature devices is in a rapidly expanding phase. Interactions between materials sciences, low-temperature physics, astrophysics, nuclear and particle physics have provided the incentive for new experiments, which could ultimately record such rare interactions as double beta decay, neutrino scattering, or collisions of the elusive dark matter halo particles. The theoretical and experimental improvements achieved during the last year have been impressive. Detection of 60 keV resolution with a non-zero spin material as a target seems therefore realizable in the near future. Similarly, impressive achievements on ballistic phonons detection and superheated superconducting detectors have been presented, together with reliable techniques for developing ultra low noise electronics required by these ambitious experiments. Apart from the contributions presented during the symposium, the two original papers by Niinikoski proposing the use of bolometers as particle detectors have been included in this volume. These papers, despite their current interest, have never been published before. The comprehensive style of the papers will appeal to specialists and non-specialists alike, in particular solid-state physicists will find the volume of considerable interest, as the field of materials research continues to benefit from the type of work presented here.

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