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Elsevier

Evidence-Based Review in Policy and Practice, An Issue of Nursing Clinics
1st Edition
Volume 49-4
Alan Pearson
English
Evidence synthesis is the evaluation or analysis of research evidence and opinion on a specific topic to aid in decision-making in health care. Although the science of evidence synthesis has developed most rapidly in relation to the meta-analysis of numerical data linked to theories of cause and effect, the further development of theoretical understandings and propositions of the nature of evidence, its role in health care delivery, and the facilitation of improved global health have increased rapidly since 2000. The articles appearing in this issue examine the role of evidence synthesis in nursing and health care and are written by expert translational scientists from across the world. Three introductory articles overview evidence synthesis and its role in evidence-based health care; methods, issues, and trends in the systematic review of health care evidence; and the development of a robust evidence base for nursing. Subsequent articles explore the impact of systematic reviews on policy and practice in a variety of settings, including perioperative care, pediatrics, rehabilitation and long-term/continuing care, mental health, and public health. The final articles discuss the impact of evidence on health policy and practice and the complexities of translating evidence into policy and practice. These articles show the importance of synthesizing evidence and translating policy and practice into action in our quest to improve health care and health outcomes.
Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics
1st Edition
Volume 41-4
Geeta K. Swamy
English
This issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America provides a summary of several more common maternal-fetal-infan... infectious diseases. Several experts in the field of maternal and perinatal infection have contributed to this issue to provide an overview of the up-to-date preventive strategies, screening and diagnostic methods, and treatment guidelines. While guidelines such as universal vaccination to prevent influenza during pregnancy are fairly well justified by supporting data, there is much uncertainty about the appropriate screening guidelines for conditions such as cytomegalovirus, where the lack of a proven effective treatment diminishes the value of screening. Moreover, increasing issues of antibiotic resistance and the lack of significant advancement in developing newer effective agents imply that both providers and health care facilities must follow guidelines of antimicrobial stewardship (ie, coordinated efforts to improve and measure the appropriate use of antimicrobials). It is our hope that this issue will aid providers in navigating these complex issues while also understanding the current state-of-the-science
Evaluation of Sleep Complaints, An Issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics
1st Edition
Volume 9-4
Clete Kushida
English
Dr. Clete Kushida has assembled an expert panel of authors focused on Sleep Complaints. Articles in this issue include: Difficulty Falling or Staying Asleep; Irregular Bedtimes and Awakenings; Snoring, Irregular Respiration, Hypoventilation, and Apneas; Periodic or Rhythmic Movements During Sleep; Nightmares and Dream-Enactment Behaviors; Poor Sleep with Age; Difficulty Falling or Staying Asleep and more!
Robbins and Cotran Pathology Flash Cards
2nd Edition
Edward C. Klatt + 1 more
English
Taken from the Robbins text and Klatt’s own extensive collection, these brilliantly illustrated flash cards present gross, photomicrographic, and radiologic images that allow you to test yourself on key pathologic information, facts, and functions. Each card features two clinical vignettes (700 cases in all), with images or diagrams, two to five questions, and an explanation to the questions on the opposite side.
Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change
1st Edition
Zhihua Zhang + 1 more
English
Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change is the first book to provide an overview of the math and physics necessary for scientists to understand and apply atmospheric and oceanic models to climate research. The book begins with basic mathematics then leads on to specific applications in atmospheric and ocean dynamics, such as fluid dynamics, atmospheric dynamics, oceanic dynamics, and glaciers and sea level rise. Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change provides a solid foundation in math and physics with which to understand global warming, natural climate variations, and climate models. This book informs the future users of climate models and the decision-makers of tomorrow by providing the depth they need. Developed from a course that the authors teach at Beijing Normal University, the material has been extensively class-tested and contains online resources, such as presentation files, lecture notes, solutions to problems and MATLab codes.
Computational Statistics with R
1st Edition
Volume 32
English
R is open source statistical computing software. Since the R core group was formed in 1997, R has been extended by a very large number of packages with extensive documentation along with examples freely available on the internet. It offers a large number of statistical and numerical methods and graphical tools and visualization of extraordinarily high quality. R was recently ranked in 14th place by the Transparent Language Popularity Index and 6th as a scripting language, after PHP, Python, and Perl. The book is designed so that it can be used right away by novices while appealing to experienced users as well. Each article begins with a data example that can be downloaded directly from the R website. Data analysis questions are articulated following the presentation of the data. The necessary R commands are spelled out and executed and the output is presented and discussed. Other examples of data sets with a different flavor and different set of commands but following the theme of the article are presented as well. Each chapter predents a hands-on-experience. R has superb graphical outlays and the book brings out the essentials in this arena. The end user can benefit immensely by applying the graphics to enhance research findings. The core statistical methodologies such as regression, survival analysis, and discrete data are all covered.
Structural Geology
The Mechanics of Deforming Metamorphic Rocks
1st Edition
Bruce E. Hobbs + 1 more
English
Structural Geology is a groundbreaking reference that introduces you to the concepts of nonlinear solid mechanics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics in metamorphic geology, offering a fresh perspective on rock structure and its potential for new interpretations of geological evolution. This book stands alone in unifying deformation and metamorphism and the development of the mineralogical fabrics and the structures that we see in the field. This reflects the thermodynamics of systems not at equilibrium within the framework of modern nonlinear solid mechanics. The thermodynamic approach enables the various mechanical, thermal, hydrological and chemical processes to be rigorously coupled through the second law of thermodynamics, invariably leading to nonlinear behavior. The book also differs from others in emphasizing the implications of this nonlinear behavior with respect to the development of the diverse, complex, even fractal, range of structures in deformed metamorphic rocks. Building on the fundamentals of structural geology by discussing the nonlinear processes that operate during the deformation and metamorphism of rocks in the Earth's crust, the book's concepts help geoscientists and graduate-level students understand how these processes control or influence the structures and metamorphic fabrics—providing applications in hydrocarbon exploration, ore mineral exploration, and architectural engineering.
Current Controversies in Perinatology, An Issue of Clinics in Perinatology
1st Edition
Volume 41-4
Robert H. Lane
English
Neonatal-perinatal medicine has a strong history of evidence based practice but unfortunately there remain many areas of uncertainty and unproven hypotheses and treatments that may harm our highly vulnerable patients. When new ideas are introduced into the labor and delivery room or the NICU we have to evaluate these procedures and therapies before they become accepted as standards of care. We need to learn from the past lessons of grey baby syndrome and chloramphenicol and of kernicterus and sulfonamide antibiotics where therapeutic good intentions actually did more harm than good and increased the mortality rate of premature babies in the NICU.This proposed edition addresses a broad range of current topics in perinatal neonatal practice. The AAP has just issued new guidelines for the approach to a neonate exposed to maternal genital herpes virus infection. The recommendations were not evidence based and are highly controversial as well as confusing. These topics are addressed in a scholarly and objective manner to both address the controversy and help the practitioner make informed decisions.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine
1st Edition
Volume 35-4
Lorraine B. Ware
English
This issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine focuses on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and covers topics such as: Epidemiology and Definitions of ARDS and Early Acute Lung Injury, Environmental Risk Factors for ARDS, Clinical and Biological Heterogeneity in ARDS: Direct vs. Indirect Lung Injury,Obesity and Nutrition, Important Immunomodulators in ARDS?, Beyond SNPs—Genetics, Genomics and Other Omic Approaches to ARDS, Clinical Approach to the Patient with ARDS, The Immunocompromised Patient with ARDS: Role of Invasive Diagnostic Strategies, Clinical Trial Design in Prevention and Treatment of ARDS, Beyond Low Tidal Volume—Ventilating the Patient with ARDS, Prone Positioning in ARDS, and more!
Endocrine Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics
1st Edition
Volume 7-4
Peter M. Sadow
English
Early identification and diagnosis by type and stage is the key to high survival rates with thyroid cancer. To present the pathologist with current clinical information on diagnosis, differential diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of thyroid cancers, topics presented are: Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma; Paraganglimoa; Immunohistochemical markers for evaluation and prognosis in thyroid carcinoma; Familial endocrine syndromes; Parathyroid enoplasia; Inflammatory lesions of the thyroid associated with cancer; Assessing biological aggression in adrenal cortical neoplasia; Pituitary neoplasia; and Pancreatic endocrine neoplasia. Peter Sadow, whose clinical practice and research involve studying the mechanisms of endocrine carcinogenesis through translational studies involving the proteomics and genomics of endocrine neoplasms, primarily of the thyroid and adrenal glands, leads this issue.

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