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Elsevier Science

  • The Changing Alpine Treeline

    The Example of Glacier National Park, MT, USA
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 12
    • David R. Butler + 3 more
    • English
    The alpine treeline ecotone (ATE) is an area of transition high on mountains where closed canopy forests from lower elevations give way to the open alpine tundra and rocky expanses above. Alpine tundra is an island biome and its ecotone with forest is subject to change, and like oceanic islands, alpine tundra is subject to invasion – or the upward advance of treeline. The invasion of tundra by trees will have consequences for the tundra biome as invasion does for other island flora and fauna. To examine the invasibility of tundra we take a plant’s-eye-view, wherein the local conditions become extremely important. Among these local conditions, we find geomorphology to be exceptionally important. We concentrate on aspects of microtopography (and microgeomorphology) and microclimate because these are the factors that matter: from the plant’s-eye-view, but we pay attention to multiple scales. At coarse scales, snow avalanches and debris flows are widespread and create “disturbance treelines” whose elevation is well below those controlled by climate. At medium scales, turf-banked terraces create tread-and-riser topography that is a difficult landscape for a tree seedling to survive upon because of exposure to wind, dryness, and impenetrable surfaces. At fine scales, turf exfoliation of the fronts of turf-banked risers, and boulders, offer microsites where tree seedlings may find shelter and are able to gain a foothold in the alpine tundra; conversely, however, surfaces of needle-ice pans and frost heaving associated with miniature patterned ground production are associated with sites inimical to seedling establishment or survival. We explicitly consider how local scale processes propagate across scales into landscape patterns. The objective of this book is to examine the controls on change at alpine treeline. All the papers are focused on work done in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Although any one place is limiting, we are able to examine the alpine treeline here in some detail – and an advantage is that the treeline ecotone in Glacier National Park is quite variable in itself due to the underlying variability in geomorphology at multiple scales. This book will provide insights into an important ecological phenomenon with a distinctly geomorphic perspective. The editors collectively have over 100 years of experience in working in geomorphology, biogeography, and ecology. They also have each worked on research in Glacier National Park for several decades. The book will be a reference for a variety of professionals and students, both graduate and undergraduate, with interests in Physical Geography, Geomorphology, Ecology, and Environmental Science. Because of the importance of the alpine treeline ecotone for recreation and aesthetic interests in mountain environments, wildland and park managers will also use this book.

  • Shreir's Corrosion

    • 1st Edition
    • Tony J.A. Richardson
    • English
    This four-volume reference work builds upon the success of past editions of Elsevier’s Corrosion title (by Shreir, Jarman, and Burstein), covering the range of innovations and applications that have emerged in the years since its publication. Developed in partnership with experts from the Corrosion and Protection Centre at the University of Manchester, Shreir’s Corrosion meets the research and productivity needs of engineers, consultants, and researchers alike.

  • Compressibility, Turbulence and High Speed Flow

    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas B. Gatski + 1 more
    • English
    This book introduces the reader to the field of compressible turbulence and compressible turbulent flows across a broad speed range through a unique complimentary treatment of both the theoretical foundations and the measurement and analysis tools currently used. For the computation of turbulent compressible flows, current methods of averaging and filtering are presented so that the reader is exposed to a consistent development of applicable equation sets for both the mean or resolved fields as well as the transport equations for the turbulent stress field. For the measurement of turbulent compressible flows, current techniques ranging from hot-wire anemometry to PIV are evaluated and limitations assessed. Characterizing dynamic features of free shear flows, including jets, mixing layers and wakes, and wall-bounded flows, including shock-turbulence and shock boundary-layer interactions, obtained from computations, experiments and simulations are discussed.

  • Well Completion Design

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 56
    • Jonathan Bellarby
    • English
    Completions are the conduit between hydrocarbon reservoirs and surface facilities. They are a fundamental part of any hydrocarbon field development project. The have to be designed for safely maximising the hydrocarbon recovery from the well and may have to last for many years under ever changing conditions. Issues include: connection with the reservoir rock, avoiding sand production, selecting the correct interval, pumps and other forms of artificial lift, safety and integrity, equipment selection and installation and future well interventions.

  • Enveloping Algebras

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 14
    • Diximier
    • English

  • Properties of Polymers

    Their Correlation with Chemical Structure; their Numerical Estimation and Prediction from Additive Group Contributions
    • 4th Edition
    • D.W. van Krevelen + 1 more
    • English
    This authoritative, widely cited book has been used all over the world. Properties of Polymers, Fourth Edition incorporates the latest developments in the field while maintaining the core objectives of previous editions: to correlate properties with chemical structure and to describe methods that permit the estimation and prediction of numerical properties from chemical structure, i.e. nearly all properties of the solid, liquid, and dissolved states of polymers.

  • Abstract analytic number theory

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 12
    • Knopfmacher
    • English
    North-Holland Mathematical Library, Volume 12: Abstract Analytic Number Theory focuses on the approaches, methodologies, and principles of the abstract analytic number theory. The publication first deals with arithmetical semigroups, arithmetical functions, and enumeration problems. Discussions focus on special functions and additive arithmetical semigroups, enumeration and zeta functions in special cases, infinite sums and products, double series and products, integral domains and arithmetical semigroups, and categories satisfying theorems of the Krull-Schmidt type. The text then ponders on semigroups satisfying Axiom A, asymptotic enumeration and "statistical" properties of arithmetical functions, and abstract prime number theorem. Topics include asymptotic properties of prime-divisor functions, maximum and minimum orders of magnitude of certain functions, asymptotic enumeration in certain categories, distribution functions of prime-independent functions, and approximate average values of special arithmetical functions. The manuscript takes a look at arithmetical formations, additive arithmetical semigroups, and Fourier analysis of arithmetical functions, including Fourier theory of almost even functions, additive abstract prime number theorem, asymptotic average values and densities, and average values of arithmetical functions over a class. The book is a vital reference for researchers interested in the abstract analytic number theory.

  • Meyler's Side Effects of Cardiovascular Drugs

    • 1st Edition
    • Jeffrey K. Aronson
    • English
    Elsevier now offers a series of derivative works based on the acclaimed Meylers Side Effect of Drugs, 15th Edition. These individual volumes are grouped by specialty to benefit the practicing physician or health care clinician. Each year, heart disease kills more people than cancer. Patients are treated by a variety of specialists and primary care practitioners, depending on the organ system involved. This volume enables practitioners to assess the adverse effects of the complete range of drugs used in cardiovascular medicine, including antihypertensive drugs, and drugs used in the treatment of heart failure, angina, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmia and enable practitioners to prescribe preventative treatments with medications such as blood pressure reducers, aspirin, and cholesterol-lowering drugs, as well as drugs used for more aggressive therapy.The material is drawn from the 15th edition of the internationally renowned encyclopedia, Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs, and the latest volumes in the companion series, Side Effects of Drugs Annuals. Drug names have usually been designated by their recommended or proposed International Non-proprietary Names (rINN or pINN); when those are not available, clinical names have been used. In some cases, brand names have been used.This volume is critical for any health professional involved in the administration of cardiovascular mediations.

  • Meyler's Side Effects of Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs

    • 1st Edition
    • Jeffrey K. Aronson
    • English
    Elsevier now offers a series of derivative works based on the acclaimed Meylers Side Effect of Drugs, 15th Edition. These individual volumes are grouped by specialty to benefit the practicing physician or health care clinician. Endocrine and metabolic diseases are common, includes diseases such as diabetes, thyroid disease, and obesity. Endocrinologists, including diabetes professionals, internal medicine and primary care practitioners, obstetricians and gynecologists, and others will find this book useful when treating endocrine or metabolic diseases.The material is drawn from the 15th edition of the internationally renowned encyclopedia, Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs, and the latest volumes in the companion series, Side Effects of Drugs Annuals. Drug names have usually been designated by their recommended or proposed International Non-proprietary Names (rINN or pINN); when those are not available, clinical names have been used. In some cases, brand names have been used.This volume is critical for any health professional involved in the administration of endocrine and metabolics mediations.

  • Coastal Wetlands

    An Integrated Ecosystem Approach
    • 1st Edition
    • Gerardo M.E. Perillo + 3 more
    • English
    Coastal wetlands are under a great deal of pressure from the dual forces of rising sea level and the intervention of human populations both along the estuary and in the river catchment. Direct impacts include the destruction or degradation of wetlands from land reclamation and infrastructures. Indirect impacts derive from the discharge of pollutants, changes in river flows and sediment supplies, land clearing, and dam operations. As sea level rises, coastal wetlands in most areas of the world migrate landward to occupy former uplands. The competition of these lands from human development is intensifying, making the landward migration impossible in many cases. This book provides an understanding of the functioning of coastal ecosystems and the ecological services that they provide, and suggestions for their management. In this book a CD is included containing color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world.

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