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Elsevier

Elsevier Science

  • Kinetic and Thermodynamic Lumping of Multicomponent Mixtures

    • 1st Edition
    • G. Astarita + 1 more
    • English
    Information necessary to solve scientific or engineering problems is often so vast, that the need arises to lump information together into a more manageable subset in order to proceed. The idea of lumping is one which is used, more or less consciously, in a large variety of fields. The thermodynamics and kinetic behavior of multicomponent mixtures is an area where the requirements of lumping have been clearly identified and the techniques and results of lumping have been analyzed in considerable detail. This book comprises the proceedings of a Symposium on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Lumping of Multicomponent Mixtures which was held at the American Chemical Society Meeting in Atlanta, GA, in April 1991. Papers presented at the symposium consisted of both invited and contributed papers. Each invited paper was a review of a subfield within the landscape of the symposium while the contributed papers contain detailed analyses of specific problems. The symposium brought together active researchers in this field to report on and discuss the progress which has been made in the lumping of mixtures of very many components for a number of different applications, and to identify the important problem areas which still remain. This volume will serve both as an introduction to anyone entering the field, and as a reference work for more experienced researchers.

  • Polymer Solutions, Blends, and Interfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • I. Noda + 1 more
    • English
    The behaviour of polymers in multi-component and multiphase systems such as solutions, blends and interfaces derived from both natural and synthetic sources and the subsequent influence of this on their physical properties is the theme of this book. Important new material on multiphase polymer systems such as block copolymers and liquid crystalline polymers is provided, and the solution and surface properties of enzymes and surface active polymers is described both theoretically and experimentally. The application of theory to the development of new cellulosic materials is particularly noteworthy. The relationship between end-use properties, such as adhesion, wetting, and colloidal stability, and molecular structure at the interface is addressed. Examples include the capillary pressure of nylon microporous membranes, a new technique for characterizing the adhesion between incompatible polymers, and the influence of the glass transition temperature at the fiber/matrix interface on interfacial shear strength.Characteriz... of polymer films, both electrochemically and via optical techniques is covered and the interactions of amphiphilic ions with polyacrylate polymer are described. The final two chapters introduce the topic of enzyme mobility at an interface and show how this may affect their role as biological catalysts.

  • Phase Transitions and Adsorbate Restructuring at Metal Surface

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • D.A. King + 1 more
    • English
    The objective in initiating this series in 1980 was to provide an in-depth review of advances made in the understanding key aspects of surface chemistry and physics through the application of new techniques to the study of well-defined surfaces. Since then the field of surface science has greatly matured, and further important techniques, particularly scanning probe microscopies, have been successfully assimilated into the applications armoury of the surface scientist.The present volume is a series of timely reviews by many of the current experts in the field of phase transitions and adsorbate-induced surface restructuring. No aspect of the science of solid surfaces can be fully understood without accounting for the structural diversity of surfaces, now revealed in atomic detail by techniques based on diffraction and scanning probe microscopies. For example, it is now clear to those working in heterogeneous catalysis that adsorbate-induced restructuring of surfaces can play a critical role in phenomena such as bistability, kinetic oscillations, and promotion and poisoning. Structural transitions at surfaces can also play a key role in determining the electronic properties of surfaces, reviewed in volume 5.

  • Thirty Years of Progress in Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Molecular Biology

    • 1st Edition
    • F. Palmieri + 3 more
    • English
    The topics contained in this book represent timely and currently exciting areas of research focused on mitochondria. It forms a comprehensive and up-to-date record of present knowledge at the molecular level of many important mitochondrial processes. Major achievements as well as new openings in the field have been stressed in many of the contributions to the book. Thus, it represents a valuable source and reference book, comprising the most recent results in this area. The topics treated should attract the attention of scientists from various fields, who are interested in bioenergetics, molecular biology and pathology of mitochondria.

  • Soil Microbial Associations

    Control of Structures and Functions
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 17
    • V. Vancura + 1 more
    • English
    This volume is the first publication of its kind to provide a fully comprehensive and detailed approach to the survey of microbial associations in soil: their structure and function in relation to soil fertility and environment protection. The problems covered by this title are presented on various levels of the ecological system; from subcellular phenomena occurring in the microbial cell (genetic and enzyme regulation), to processes taking place in the flow of mass and energy in the agroecosystem. The aim of this monograph is to contribute to the understanding of the laws of formation and function of microbial associations in natural and agricultural soils, and to build a scientific basis for the control of soil biological processes. Using a contemporary approach to some fields of soil microbiology, the book highlights the possibility of utilizing certain microorganisms and microbial processes to increase soil fertility and protect the environment. These critically evaluated and selected results were obtained at the Institute of Microbiology and the Institute of Experimental Phytotechnics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, in cooperation with the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

  • Plant Tissue Culture

    Applications and Limitations
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • S.S. Bhojwani
    • English
    During the past decade, Plant Tissue Culture (PTC) has attracted considerable attention because of its vital role in plant biotechnology. PTC offers novel approaches to plant production, propagation, and preservation. Some in vitro techniques are being applied on a commercial scale while many others hold great potential. Consequently, the literature in this area has grown rapidly.This book deals with recent developments in plant tissue culture, and presents a critical assessment of the proven and potential applications of the various in vitro techniques, it also highlights current problems limiting the application of tissue culture, and projects the future lines of research in this field.

  • Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 1992

    • 1st Edition
    • G.E. McGuire + 2 more
    • English
    One of the increasingly important requirements for high technology materials is that they possess near-surface properties different to their bulk properties. Specific surface properties are generally achieved through the use of these films or coatings or by modifying the structure or composition of the near surface. This two-volume work contains 157 papers covering a wide range of topics involving films, coatings, and modified surfaces. All aspects of the development of deposition technologies are addressed including basic research, applied research, applications development and full scale industrial production. The work will be of interest to materials scientists, physicists, electronic, chemical and mechanical engineers, and chemists.

  • Optimal Design with Advanced Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • P. Pedersen
    • English
    Optimal design with advanced materials is becoming a very progressive and challenging domain within applied mechanics. The increasing use of advanced materials, such as anisotropic fiber composites and ceramics, is instigating new developments to be made within constitutive modelling and the computational methods of analysis, sensitivity analysis and optimization. A new dimension of optimal design is being realised by the direct tailoring and building of new materials. Research in this area is accelerating rapidly with the results already being applied to high technology industries. Two vital high technology research areas covered in this volume include homogenization and smart materials/structures... The 31 papers will prove an indispensable reference source for all those involved in the interdisciplinary research and development aspects of mechanics, materials and mathematics in the design of advanced materials.

  • Subjective Equilibrium Theory of the Farm Household

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • C. Nakajima
    • English
    It is obvious that most of the agricultural production in the world is under the control of farm households (or family farms). This book aims to translate the characteristics of the farm household as an economic entity, into an economic theory. The book was originally written in Japanese, but various modifications have been made and new information added to the English version. The author defines the farm household as an economic entity which is a complex of the farm firm, the labourer's household and the consumer's household, and whose behavioural principle is utility maximization. The main purpose of the book is to construct a theoretical model of the decision-making behaviour of the farm household. For this purpose the method of subjective equilibrium analysis, which was used by J.R. Hicks for the consumer's household and the firm in Value and Capital, has been applied to the farm household. The major motif of the book may therefore be called ``Hicksian motif''. In analyzing the subjective equilibrium of the farm household, this book extends the Marshallian concepts of consumer's surplus and producer's surplus, by developing the three new concepts of labourer's surplus, self-employed producer's surplus and consumer's surplus. The analyses using the five concepts of economic surplus are the minor motif of the present book, which the author calls ``Marshallian motif''.Another important characteristic of this book lies in the presentation of newly developed theories of land rent. The author has tried to integrate the theory of leasehold tenancy (i.e. fixed rent tenancy) and that of share tenancy with subjective equilibrium theory of the farm household. In his foreword, John W. Longworth of the International Association of Agricultural Economists says ``From time-to-time an academic treatise appears which is truly different. This is one such book. It presents a self-contained normative theory of the farm household which is much more than just an elegant development of Hicksian and Marshallian ideas. Professor Nakajima introduces new concepts and develops a simple model of the farm household. He then extends this model in various ways to examine the subjective equilibrium of farm households under a wide range of economic circumstances. The exposition is clear and logic with each step in the argument explained in detail using both rigorous mathematical notation and easy to follow diagrams... With this book Nakajima is making his Life's Work available to non-Japanese Agricultural Economists. The international profession of Agricultural Economics will be richer for it.''

  • Quantitative Analysis of Steroids

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • S. Görög
    • English
    Studies in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 5: Quantitative Analysis of Steroids covers the pharmaceutical aspects of the analysis of steroid hormones. This book is divided into nine chapters that examine the biological-clinical analysis of other important groups of steroids, including sterols, vitamin D, bile acids, cardiac glycosides, and sapogenins. The material in the book is classified according to the main groups of steroids, individual chapters being devoted to sex hormones, corticosteroids, sterols, vitamins D, bile acids, cardiac glycosides, sapogenins, and miscellaneous steroids. The structure of each chapter is the same. In section 1 the fundamentals of the chemistry of the group of steroids in question are outlined. Section 2 provides a detailed description of the use of various spectroscopic, chromatographic, protein-binding and other methods, while Section 3 deals with the main problems encountered in the analysis of the group of steroids in question and with their solution using the methods described in Section 2. This book will prove useful to steroid and analytical chemists.

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