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Elsevier

Elsevier Science

  • Chemical Events in the Atmosphere and their Impact on the Environment

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 26
    • G.B. Marini-Bettòlo
    • English
    This book covers the proceedings of a study week held to bring together the most varied experiences in the many disciplines which form the background of ecology. The purpose of the meeting was to examine the present state of knowledge and the need for research in order to gather the information necessary for action to protect the environment and biosphere. Many aspects of the anthropogenic effects on the atmosphere have been studied. However more research is needed to quantify the impact of the various chemicals on the changes occurring in the atmosphere. Acid rain formation mechanisms, although investigated, are not yet fully understood. It is thus necessary to program carefully our future, after further interdisciplinary research, in order to avoid irreversible damage to our environment.The guidelines of this action, as a result of the presentations and discussions, are reported in the conclusions. The main points stressed are: tropospheric chemistry, the problem of the conservation of the ozone layer, the growth of carbon dioxide and climate changes, atmospheric acidity, the effects of changes on water, soils and biota as well as the particular problems of the tropical world. The book will be ideal for postgraduates studying atmospheric chemistry and for environmental protection agencies.

  • Biogeochemical Processes at the Land-Sea Boundary

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 43
    • P. Lasserre + 1 more
    • English
    There is an intuitive belief among scientists that each estuary or lagoon is unique and different. Similarities do exist, however, and this book attempts to highlight some common properties and perhaps some innovative views on biogeochemical processes, and biological fluxes which are of central concern in the understanding of the land-sea boundary. The contents are based upon lectures given at a Seminar organised as the scientific component of the 17th General Meeting of SCOR, held at the Station Biologique de Roscoff, France, on 22-24 October 1984. The original lectures have been substantially extended and revised in order to give a fuller treatment of the subject. The contributions identify important processes influencing (I) Behaviour of chemical species, (II) Nutrient cycling and mechanisms of organic transformations and (III) Uptake of trace elements by living systems. The connection between terrestrial and oceanic systems is a functional one and the consequences of this linkage on the very large variety of coastal systems are profound. It is widely recognized that many of the major processes which influence the biological properties and chemical forms of elements, and their biogeochemical cycles in the ocean occur at the land-sea boundary, especially in estuaries, coastal lagoons, the coastline and the shelf. Over 80% of living systems and their fisheries take place in near shore waters and the consequential production of organic matter produced triggers off the high level of activity. Over the last fifteen years, there has been considerable stimulus to provide framework to evaluate the interactions and effects of human activities. The rich assemblage of tables and figures and of literature citations contained in the chapters provides an excellent basis for in-depth investigations.Ocean... limnologists, aquatic chemists, marine biologists, and environmental specialists will find this book highly valuable reading for advanced research and training purposes.

  • Electrode Kinetics: Principles and Methodology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 26
    • C.H. Bamford + 2 more
    • English
    Volumes 26 and 27 are both concerned with reactions occurring at electrodes arising through the passage of current. They provide a comprehensive review of the study of electrode kinetics. The basic ideas and experimental methodology are presented in Volume 26 whilst Volume 27 deals with reactions at particular types of electrodes.Chapter 1 serves as an introduction to both volumes and is a survey of the fundamental principles of electrode kinetics. Chapter 2 deals with mass transport - how material gets to and from an electrode. Chapter 3 provides a review of linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry which constitutes an extensively used experimental technique in the field. Chapter 4 discusses a.c. and pulse methods which are a rich source of electrochemical information. Finally, chapter 5 discusses the use of electrodes in which there is forced convection, the so-called ``hydrodynamic electrodes''.

  • Catalytic Hydrogenation

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 27
    • L. Cervený
    • English
    The collection of contributions in this volume presents the most up-to-date findings in catalytic hydrogenation. The individual chapters have been written by 36 top specialists each of whom has achieved a remarkable depth of coverage when dealing with his particular topic. In addition to detailed treatment of the most recent problems connected with catalytic hydrogenations, the book also contains a number of previously unpublished results obtained either by the authors themselves or within the organizations to which they are affiliated.Because of its topical and original character, the book provides a wealth of information which will be invaluable not only to researchers and technicians dealing with hydrogenation, but also to all those concerned with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, organic technology, petrochemistry and chemical engineering.

  • Electroanalysis

    Theory and Applications in Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Media and in Automated Chemical Control
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • E.A.M.F. Dahmen
    • English
    Electroanalysis as a representative of the wet-chemical methods has many advantages, such as: selectivity and sensitivity, nothwithstanding its inexpensive equipment; ample choice of possibilities and direct accessibility, especially to electronic and hence automatic control even at distance; automated data treatment; and simple insertion, if desirable, into a process-regulation loop. There may be circumstances in which an electroanalytical method, as a consequence of the additional chemicals required, has disadvantages in comparison with instrumental techniques of analysis; however the above-mentioned advantages often make electroanalysis the preferred approach for chemical control in industrial and environmental studies.This book provides the reader with a full understanding of what electroanalysis can do in these fields. It presents on the one hand a systematic treatment of the subject and its commonly used techniques on a more explanatory basis, and on the other it illustrates the practical applications of these techniques in chemical control in industry, health and environment. As such control today requires the increasing introduction of automation and computerization, electroanalysis with its direct input and/or output of electrical signals often has advantages over other techniques especially because recent progress in electronics and computerization have greatly stimulated new developments in the electroanalysis techniques themselves. Part A looks systematically at electroanalysis while more attention is paid in Part B to electroanalysis in non-aqueous media in view of its growing importance. The subject is rounded off in Part C by some insight into and examples of applications to automated chemical control.

  • Optimization of Chromatographic Selectivity

    A Guide to Method Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 35
    • P.J. Schoenmakers
    • English
    This is the first detailed description of method development in chromatography - the overall process of which may be summarized as: method selection, phase selection, selectivity optimization, and system optimization. All four aspects receive attention in this book.Chapter 1 gives a short introduction, describes chromatographic theory and nomenclature, and outlines the method development process. Chapter 2 describes guidelines for method selection, and quantitative concepts for characterizing and classifying chromatographic phases. Selective separation methods, from both gas and liquid chromatography are given in Chapter 3; the main parameters of each method are identified and simple, quantitative relations are sought to describe their effects. Criteria by which to judge the quality of separation are discussed in Chapter 4 with clear recommendations for different situations. The specific problems involved in the optimization of chromatographic selectivity are explained in Chapter 5. Optimization procedures, illustrated by examples, are extensively described and compared on the basis of a number of criteria. Suggestions are made both for the application of different procedures and for further research. The optimization of programmed analysis receives special attention in Chapter 6, and the last chapter summarizes the optimization of the chromatographic system, including the optimization of the efficiency, sensitivity and instrumentation.Thos... involved in developing chromatographic methods or wishing to improve existing methods will value the detailed, structured way in which the subject is presented. Because optimization procedures and criteria are described as elements of a complete optimization package, the book will help the reader to understand, evaluate and select current and future commercial systems.

  • Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • S.S. Bhojwani + 1 more
    • English
    Now available only in paperback, this book has been described as ``...by far the most comprehensive book on plant tissue culture...few publications in this field can compare with this book in terms of subject matter covered and literature surveyed. Overall, the book is a fine achievement for Drs. Bhojwani and Razdan. It also serves the authors' avowed purpose of integrating the theoretical and practical aspects of plant tissue culture. If you like a text and a laboratory manual on plant tissue culture combined, this is obviously a book to be considered seriously.'' (Plant Science Bulletin).Plant tissue culture has become an invaluable aid in the field of experimental botany and has many practical applications in agriculture and horticulture. In recognition of its importance in basic and applied areas of plant science, many universities have included this subject in undergraduate and postgraduate courses but find that they lack a suitable introductory text. This book has been written primarily to fill that need. Starting with an introductory history, the book covers such practical aspects as laboratory requirements and media preparation. The authors go on to discuss fundamental aspects of cellular totipotency (e.g. production of haploids, diploids and triploids, and raising new genotypes through single cell culture), in vitro approaches to plant breeding, raising high health plants, micropropagation, and techniques of in vitro storage of germplasm.Profusely illustrated with line drawings and original photographs, the book is further enhanced by the inclusion of a complete bibliography.

  • Selective Gas Chromatographic Detectors

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • M. Dressler
    • English
    This book gives a comprehensive, up-to-date review of all selective detectors used in combination with gas chromatography. For each detector, the historical background, design and principle are described, and the working parameters affecting the detector performance are analyzed critically and in detail. The analytical possibilities of the detectors and the main characteristics such as sensitivity, noise and minimum detectability are discussed. All the selective detectors that are currently used are discussed in detail. Combinations of GC with other techniques such as plasma emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, ion-selective electrodes, piezoelectric sorption detector, mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy are discussed briefly.Chromatograp... and users of gas chromatographs, especially in the field of environmental protection, agriculture, clinical chemistry, and toxicology will find the book useful to their work. Institutes and organisations dealing with analytical chemistry will also find it of interest.

  • Chemical Derivatization in Gas Chromatography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • J. Drozd
    • English

  • Marine Mineral Exploration

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 41
    • H. Kunzendorf
    • English
    The past 20 years have seen extensive marine exploration work by the major industrialized countries. Studies have, in part, been concentrated on Pacific manganese nodule occurrences and on massive sulfides on mid-oceanic ridges. An international jurisdictional framework of the sea-bed mineral resources was negotiated by the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III). A most important outcome of this conference was the establishment of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of at least 200 nautical miles for all coastal states and the recognition of a deep-sea regime.Mineral deposits in EEZ areas are fairly unknown; many areas need detailed mapping and mineral exploration, and the majority of coastal or island states with large EEZ areas have little experience in exploration for marine hard minerals. This book describes the systematic steps in marine mineral exploration. Such exploration requires knowledge of mineral deposits and models of their formation, of geophysical and geochemical exploration methods, and of data evaluation and interpretation methods. These topics are described in detail by an international group of authors. A short description is also given of marine research vessels, evaluation of marine exploration examples; and an overview is provided of the jurisdictional situation after UNCLOS III.

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