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  • Stress and Strain in Epitaxy: Theoretical Concepts, Measurements and Applications

    • 1st Edition
    • J.-P. Deville + 1 more
    • English
    This book contains keynote lectures which have been delivered at the 3rd Porquerolles' School on Surface Science, SIR2000 (Surfaces-Interfaces... The aim of this school was to review the main concepts necessary to understand the role of interfacial stress, strain and relaxation in crystal growth by heteroepitaxy. By bringing together scientists from various fields (physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering) which daily use complementary methodological approaches (experiment, theory, modelization), the school allowed to offer 11 multidisciplinary courses. This book addresses the state of art of stress in epitaxial materials, it describes the various methods to measure the atomic displacement and stress fields, it reviews the spectroscopic methods necessary to map the interface chemistry, it details the theoretical methods and concepts which are needed to predict them and it questions the fact that stress and relaxation can induce specific properties in magnetism, catalysis, electron transport and so on.The field of stress and strain in heteroepitaxy has know large developments during the last ten years. New techniques have been used to set up new devices in which functionalities are obtained through structuration at a nanometer scale. Large-scale integration and reduced dimensions are the key factors to optimize the achievements of these devices. Already used in industry (quantum wells, magnetic sensors), these devices are obtained by molecular beam epitaxy, sputtering or pulsed laser deposition. Their reduced dimensionality increased the number of surfaces and interfaces, the role of which has to be precised. Experimentalists try now to associate materials having very different crystal structure and chemical composition. The elastic stress stored in the device can induce various phenomena which have to be evaluated, understood and predicted. The book intends also to show that many questions are still in debate.

  • Introduction to Zeolite Science and Practice

    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 137
    • P.A. Jacobs + 3 more
    • English
    In view of the substantial progress made in the last decade in the fields of zeolites and related materials it was decided to go for an extended 2nd Edition of "Introduction to Zeolite Science and Practice". Unfortunately - as often is the case - this process took more time than expected by the Editors.In the mean time some new texts on zeolites were issued. Nevertheless, the combination of data, discussion and dedication provided by the present book is a unique coverage of the field, in the opinion of the Editors.In the present Edition the number of chapters rose from 16-22. The contributions can be divided into three categories: updated chapters by the original authors, updated chapters by an expanded or new team of authors and completely new chapters. This 2nd Edition also contains new chapters on "Zeolite-based supramolecular assemblies" (by Dirk De Vos and Pierre Jacobs, experts in this area) and on "The use of bulky probe molecules" (by Paul Kunkeler, Roger Downing and one of the Editors).Finally, the super large pore zeolites and the fast growing area of ordered mesoporous materials are dealt with by Eelco Vogt, Charlie Kresge and and Jim Vartuli. The latter two authors belong to the discoverers of the M41S family of mesoporous materials.

  • Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Agricultural Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 12
    • K. Sakai
    • English
    This book provides an introduction to the analysis of chaos and chaos theory as it relates to agricultural science. With clear explanations of chaos theory and principles, the first part of the book offers some basic facts, the fundamental terminology, and the concepts of deterministic chaos.The second part of this volume contains rich applications of the theory as applied to real agricultural systems. Applications include a wide area such as alternate bearing in tree crops, weed control and tillage, nonlinear vibrations in agricultural tractors, and piglet pricing analysis.Readers will find useful tools for calculating the order, rules and theory behind complex phenomena observed in arable land.

  • The Campanian-Maastrichtian Stage Boundary

    Characterisation and Correlation from Tercis-les-Bains (Landes, SW France) to Europe and Other Continents
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • G.S. Odin
    • English
    The Phanerozoic calendar of the history of the earth is composed of fundamental units called stages. A priority of the International Commission on Stratigraphy is to redefine these stages using a modern approach. This work presents a unique solution to the previously debated and diversified locations of the Campanian-Maastricht... boundary, providing a precise correlation using the most accepted known time markers. The Campanian and the Maastrichtian are the last two stages of the Cretaceous System.This volume includes a large amount of previously unpublished stratigraphical data. With the use of uncertainty margins for observations, established by comparison of results obtained by various experts using different approaches for the same stratigraphical tool, a new approach to stratigraphical information was employed. While most of the data have been taken from the recently rediscovered geological site at Tercis, France, data from other sections around the world have been considered. The section studied at Tercis is the best stratigraphical record on Earth for the period of several million years across the Campanian-Maastricht... boundary.

  • Biotechnology Annual Review

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • M.R. El-Gewely
    • English
    Biotechnology is in many respects shaping our life and affecting our means of production and the creation of jobs. Progress in the applications of biotechnology depends on a wide base of basic as well as applied sciences. The output of biotechnology has already proved itself in many diverse fields from health to biomining and from agriculture to enzyme "breeding". It is therefore difficult to follow all of the current as well as the potential applications of biotechnology.The objective of the Biotechnology Annual Review series is to attempt to provide readers with the needed indepth knowledge, by reviewing specific topics in biotechnology in each issue. The philosophy behind this series is to encourage good reviews to make it easier for readers to keep in touch with progress and applications of biotechnology. Reviews on topics related to regulatory affairs, social impact of biotechnology, biodiversity, biosafety, public acceptance and patent issues are also encouraged.

  • Photomovement

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • D.-P. Häder + 1 more
    • English
    This volume emphasizes the involvement of all facets of biology in the analysis of environmentally controlled movement responses. This includes biophysics, biochemistry, molecular biology and as an integral part of any approach to a closer understanding, physiology. The initial euphoria about molecular biology as the final solution for any problem has dwindled and the field agrees now that only the combined efforts of all facets of biology will at some day answer the question posed more than hundred years ago: "How can plants see?". One conclusion can be drawn from the current knowledge as summarized in this volume. The answer will most likely not be the same for all systems.

  • Insect Timing

    Circadian Rhythmicity to Seasonality
    • 1st Edition
    • D.L. Denlinger + 2 more
    • English
    Leading experts in the field bring together diverse aspects of insect timing mechanisms. This work combines three topics that are central to the understanding of biological timing in insects: circadian rhythms, photoperiodism, and diapause. The common theme underlining each of the contributions to this book is an understanding of the timing of events in the insect life cycle. Most daily activities (emergence, feeding, mating, egg laying, etc.) undertaken by insects occur at precise times each day. Likewise, seasonal events such as the entry into or termination from an overwintering dormancy (diapause) occur at distinct times of the year. This book documents such events and provides an up-to-date interpretation of the molecular and physiological events undergirding these activities.The study of circadian rhythms has undergone a flowering in recent years with the molecular dissection of the components of the circadian clock. Now that many of the clock genes have been identified it is possible to track daily patterns of clock-related mRNAs and proteins to link the entraining light cycles with molecular oscillations within the cell. Insect experiments have led the way in demonstrating that the concept of a "master clock" can no longer be used to explain the temporal organization within an animal. Insects have a multitude of cellular clocks that can function independently and retain their function under organ culture conditions, and they thus offer a premier system for studying how the hierarchical organization of clocks results in the overall temporal organization of the animal. Photoperiodism, and its most obvious manifestation, diapause, does not yet have the molecular underpinning that has been established for circadian rhythms, but recent studies are beginning to identify genes that appear to be involved in the regulation of diapause. Overall, the book presents the rich diversity of challenges and opportunities provided by insects for the study of timing mechanisms.

  • Tribology Research: From Model Experiment to Industrial Problem

    A Century of Efforts in Mechanics, Materials Science and Physico-Chemistry
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 39
    • G. Dalmaz + 3 more
    • English
    The 27th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology was held at the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, 5-8 September 2000. The central theme was: 'Tribology Research: From Model Experiment to Industrial Problem: A century of efforts in mechanics, materials science and physico-chemistry'. To celebrate the Year 2000, the organisers tried to achieve two different goals. First, to bring together contributions from the three major scientific fields that make up the Tribological community: mechanics, physico-chemistry and materials science. The second goal was to attract contributions ranging from complex industrial problems to model experiments.The conference began with two keynote lectures, the first being a detailed technical lecture on the dynamic behaviour of an elastic shaft supported by hydrodynamic bearings. The second was an overview of first principles multi-scale modelling of physicochemical aspects of tribology. Both of these interesting lectures are included in the proceedings volume.

  • Handbook of Neuropsychology, Volume 4

    Disorders of Visual Behavior
    • 2nd Edition
    • M. Behrmann
    • English
    Volume four of the all-new "Handbook of Neuropsychology" addresses the disorders of visual behaviour. This work reviews the neurophysiology of spatial vision, as well as recent work on recognition deficits for faces, objects and words. Also presented are disorders of spatial representation, of colour processing and of mental imagery. Balint's syndrome, blindsight, and visuospatial or constructional disorders are discussed and the relationship between eye movements and brain damage are described in detail.

  • Thin-Walled Structures - Advances and Developments

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Zaras + 2 more
    • English
    This volume contains the papers presented at the Third International Conference on Thin-Walled Structures, Cracow, Poland on June 5-7, 2001. There has been a substantial growth in knowledge in the field of Thin-Walled Structures over the past few decades. Lightweight structures are in widespread use in the Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical, Automobile, Chemical and Offshore Engineering fields. The development of new processes, new methods of connections, new materials has gone hand-in-hand with the evolution of advanced analytical methods suitable for dealing with the increasing complexity of the design work involved in ensuring safety and confidence in the finished products.Of particular importance with regard to the analytical process is the growth in use of the finite element method. This method, about 40 years ago, was confined to rather specialist use, mainly in the aeronautical field, because of its requirements for substantial calculation capacity. The development over recent years of extremely powerful microcomputers has ensured that the application of the finite element method is now possible for problems in all fields of engineering, and a variety of finite element packages have been developed to enhance the ease of use and the availability of the method in the engineering design process.

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