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Elsevier

Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • Human Reliability

    With Human Factors
    • 1st Edition
    • Balbir S. Dhillon
    • English
    Human Reliability: With Human Factors focuses on human reliability during system design. The book is organized into 13 chapters, wherein Chapter 1 presents histories of human factors and human reliability along with selective terms and definitions. Chapter 2 shows basic reliability mathematics and concepts. Subsequent chapters then elaborate on human reliability, human errors, six human reliability analysis methods, and reliability evaluation of systems with human errors. Other chapters elucidate human factors in maintenance and maintainability; human safety; human reliability data; and human factors in quality control, design, mathematical models, and formulas. Applications of human factors engineering are also addressed. The text will be valuable to human factor engineers and specialists, reliability and maintainability specialists, system and design engineers, industrial engineers, quality control engineers, and students.

  • A Challenge to Social Security

    The Changing Roles of Women and Men in American Society
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard V. Burkhauser + 1 more
    • English
    A Challenge to Social Security: The Changing Roles of Women and Men in American Society is a collection of papers that deals with social security reform. The papers concern insurance and pure income transfer aspects of various proposals and the assumptions regarding the family and work behavior found in each proposal. The proposed reforms attempt to fix the shortcomings of the Old Age, Survivors Insurance (OASI) Program, sometimes at the expense of reducing the subsidy for women who remain at home, or through alterations of the subsidy's nature. Other papers discuss the current spouse benefits under the dual entitlement rule; homemaker credits; child-care drop-out years; and one going against the grain, earnings sharing. One paper sees earning sharing as the only way to provide security to the homemaker without being unfair to the working wife. Other papers tackle the issues of women and a two-tier social security system; the double-decker alternative to eliminate dependency under social security; and the social security reform from a feminist's perspective. This collection can prove useful for economists, sociologists, political scientists, and policy makers involved in welfare and social security.

  • Population

    Analysis and Models
    • 1st Edition
    • Louis Henry
    • English
    Population: Analysis and Models presents a discussion of demographic analysis and models. This book has been translated from French to provide access to an integrated textbook aimed at the French equivalent of undergraduates. The book is organized into two parts. Part I is devoted to analysis and is subdivided into two sections. The first section deals with elementary analysis or the steps that must precede an analysis of any complexity. It comprises three chapters: after an introduction, it presents the analysis of the results of one census followed by a summary of the analysis of population change during a year. The second section focuses on the analysis of demographic phenomena—nuptiality... fertility, mortality, mobility (migration) and on the population change that is their result. Part II deals with models, namely models of population dynamics, models of family formation following marriage, and nuptiality models. This book has been written for students with very diverse backgrounds, some of whom may have scarcely more than an elementary knowledge of algebra.

  • Statistical Studies of Historical Social Structure

    • 1st Edition
    • Kenneth W. Wachter + 2 more
    • E. A. Hammel
    • English
    Statistical Studies of Historical Social Structure articulates and applies concepts from statistics into historical investigations of pre-industrial English households. The book provides statistical reports on household composition and demographic influences and uses simulation in the study of problems in historical structure. Chapters are devoted to computer simulation experiments; presentation and analysis of English household composition data; correlation of English patriline extinction with social mobility; and how age distribution affects English social structure. Statisticians, historians, demographers, researchers, and students will find the book interesting.

  • Foundations of Interpersonal Attraction

    • 1st Edition
    • Ted L. Huston
    • English
    Foundations of Interpersonal Attraction is intended to provide students of interpersonal relationships with a source book that reviews, integrates, and elaborates basic material concerned with interpersonal attraction—the affectional component of social relationships. All interpersonal relationships can be characterized, in part, by the strength and nature of the affectional tie between the persons involved. The ubiquity of attraction phenomena, and the extensive data that have begun to emerge concerning its nature, antecedents, and interpersonal correlates, provided the original rationale and impetus behind the development of the book. The book contains 16 chapters organized into five parts. Part I briefly highlights the history of attraction research and lays out some central themes related to conceptualizing and researching attraction. All persons develop attachments through social interaction, but the nature and antecedents of such feelings differ depending on the age and cognitive-developmen... level of the persons involved as well as on the sociocultural context in which the interaction takes place. Part II is devoted to detailing these issues. Parts III and IV consist of a series of contributions that provide conceptual frameworks for studying attraction. Part V is devoted to romantic attraction.

  • The Sociology of Organizational Change

    • 1st Edition
    • E. A. Johns
    • English
    The Sociology of Organizational Change discusses organizational change and its implementation, focusing on economic growth, specification and attainment of profitability targets, and entrepreneurial behavior. This book describes the three alternative methods of introducing change—introduction without warning, introduction preceded by information, and introduction with employee participation. The topics covered include the need for constant change; change, equilibrium and homeostasis; sources of resistance to change; and hierarchical variations in attitudes to change. The organizational and psychological factors; techniques for implementing change; and managerial succession and the organizational climate are likewise deliberated in this text. This publication is useful to students studying for the Diploma in Management Studies, professional examinations of the Institute of Personnel Management, and university courses in sociology.

  • Local Government and Strategic Choice

    An Operational Research Approach to the Processes of Public Planning
    • 2nd Edition
    • J.K. Friend + 1 more
    • English
    Local Government and Strategic Choice, Second Edition discusses decision-making in local government, in particular, to those more strategic levels of choice which tend to be linked with the terms 'planning' and 'policy-making.' This book is organized into four parts. Part I centers on an appraisal of planning in a major local authority. Part II details the nature of the planning process in any governmental setting and the characteristic types of operational and organizational problem to which it gives rise. Parts III and IV use the medium of case examples to suggest how the planning process can be made more effective, first through the development of an appropriate technology of choice, and secondly through the adaptation of organizational forms to allow the technology to become a workable instrument of democratic control.

  • Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • Alan N. Epstein + 1 more
    • English
    Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology: Volume 12 is a collection of studies that discuss certain topics in behavioral neuroscience from different experts in the field. The book is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the relationship between the consumption of carbohydrates and satiety, as well as the effects of hexose. Chapter 2 explains the different perspectives and theories on how running accelerates growth. Chapter 3 tackles the anatomical and and functional integration of the limbic and motor systems. Chapter 4 covers the activity of the monoaminergic unit of the brain, and Chapter 5 talks about the psychological and neural aspects of the attribute model of emory. The monograph will interest neurologists and psychologists who would like to study the specific areas mentioned or make their own studies in the related areas.

  • Cross-Cultural Counseling and Psychotherapy

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Anthony J. Marsella + 1 more
    • English
    Cross-Cultural Counseling and Psychotherapy is a historical, conceptual, and applied resource for cross-cultural counseling and psychotherapy. This text is divided into four parts, wherein the first part sets the foundations of the field by discussing its history, issues, status, overview, and ethnicity and interactional rules. The second part evaluates the expectancy effects and process and outcome variables in cross-cultural counseling and psychotherapy, as well as drug and other therapies across cultures. The subsequent part emphasizes the ethnocultural considerations, featuring counseling African-Americans, Hispanic Americans, Japanese Americans, American Indians, and Alaskan natives. This book concludes by presenting the future perspectives of the field. This book will be very invaluable to counselors, psychotherapists, psychologists, and psychology students.

  • Making Better Places

    Urban Design Now
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Hayward
    • English
    Making Better Places: Urban Design Now discusses how to make better places: how monotonous or rich urban development can be, how appropriate to traffic requirements urban improvements are, or how sustainable an urban design approach can be to existing and future urban dispersal. The book reviews the gap existing between the various environmental disciplines leading to the emergence of urban design; as well as the gap between the rhetoric and practical achievements of urban design. The practice of urban design entails the premise that environments are to be created and transformed to provide the most opportunities for the largest number of people. By using an urban tissue plan, the urban developmental planner can produce and evaluate site development appraisal and design proposals. The book also provides an abstract perspective that considers built forms as a set of signs to provide a mechanism which shows the modification of urban space. The text also addresses the issue of urban change in established centers, the urban fringe and beyond, as well as cites four examples of exploration by intervention. The book can prove beneficial to urban planners, sociologists, and policy makers involved in urban and social development.

  • Local Plans in British Land Use Planning

    Urban and Regional Planning Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Patsy Healey
    • English
    Local Plans in British Land Use Planning provides an analysis of the nature, purpose, and operation of development plans in British planning practice. Comprised of 10 chapters, the book discusses about the use of development plans as procedural tools used by government agencies as an element in programs for intervening in the way a land is used and developed. Chapter 1 discusses land policy, land use planning, and development plans, while Chapter 2 covers the British land policy and land use planning. Chapter 3 and 4 tackle structure and local plans, respectively. The fifth chapter attempts to answer the question “Why prepare a local plan?” and the next three chapters tackle local plan production, form and content, and use. Chapter 9 covers the need of explanation regarding the planning system, and Chapter 10 discusses the recommendation to tackle the issues of the British planning system. The book will be of great interest to readers who are curious about the British planning system and in the analysis of public programs.

  • Analysis of Copper and Its Alloys

    • 1st Edition
    • W. T. Elwell + 1 more
    • English
    Analysis of Copper and Its Alloys provides important information for the satisfactory analysis of typical industrial products. This book presents several instrumental methods for analysis, which involve the use of instruments that are familiar, even in small laboratories. Organized into 34 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the various factors that are common to most methods of sampling copper-base materials, regardless of the quality and quantity of material to be sampled. This text then discusses the safety precautions pertaining to the handling of reagents and apparatus. Other chapters consider the factors that influence the determination when copper is electrolytically deposited in the conventional way, including the simultaneous co-deposition of other metals, the retention of copper, and the inhibiting effect of metals. This book discusses as well the presence of refractory tin oxide in tin-bearing alloys. This book is a valuable resource for chemists, teachers, students, and researchers.

  • Gravitation and Relativity

    International Series in Natural Philosophy
    • 1st Edition
    • M. G. Bowler
    • D. Ter Haar
    • English
    Gravitation and Relativity generalizes Isaac Newton’s theory of gravitation using the elementary tools of Albert Einstein’s special relativity. Topics covered include gravitational waves, martian electrodynamics, relativistic gravitational fields and gravitational forces, the distortion of reference frames, and the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. Black holes and the geometry of spacetime also receive consideration. This book is comprised of 10 chapters; the first of which briefly reviews special relativity, with the emphasis on the Lorentz covariance of the equations of physics. This topic is then followed by a short discussion on accelerations in the framework of special relativity. Two problems related to the gravitational deflection of light and how to detect a gravitational acceleration by observations within a freely falling laboratory are discussed in this book. The chapters that follow focus on the Eötvös-Dicke experiments that established the identity of inertial and gravitational mass; the equations of electrodynamics and electrostatics; force laws and equations of motion; and the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. The reader is also introduced to the nature of gravitational radiation; its generation and detection; and the relation between the metric tensor and gravitational potentials. The book concludes with a chapter on black holes and how they may manifest themselves to the astronomer. This monograph will appeal not only to professional physicists but also to undergraduates in physics who want to know a great deal about gravitation and relativity.

  • Comparative Judicial Systems

    Challenging Frontiers in Conceptual and Empirical Analysis
    • 1st Edition
    • John R. Schmidhauser
    • English
    Comparative Judicial Systems: Challenging Frontiers in Conceptual and Empirical Analysis is a comprehensive and cohesive collection of investigative essays written by significant contributors in the field of comparative judicial institutions and politics. These essays seek to explain the judicial systems of different nations and analyze their implications. The book is divided into three parts. Part I deals with the integration of courts into the study of politics and conceptual frameworks in comparative cross-national legal and judicial research. Part II covers analyses of the judicial systems of a certain nation, while Part III compares and analyzes judicial systems of different nations as well as their judicial background in relation to their subculture. The text is recommended for lawyers as well as those in the field of political science and in the judicial branch, especially those who are looking to countries as examples for the improvement of their local systems.

  • Taxation and Tax Policies in the Middle East

    Butterworths Studies in International Political Economy
    • 1st Edition
    • Hossein Askari + 2 more
    • Susan Strange + 1 more
    • English
    Taxation and Tax Policies in the Middle East evaluates the general role that tax policies have played in the economic development of the Middle East since 1945 and proposes some recommendations on how fiscal tools could be better used to promote further advancement in this region. This book is divided into six parts. Part I contains the purpose and outline of the study, while Part II discusses the economic aspects of the major categories of taxes used in most developing countries. The fiscal history and categorical breakdown of the tax profiles of 16 Middle Eastern countries are reviewed in Part III. Part IV analyzes the literature on econometric models that explain differences among countries in tax effort. In Part V, the differences in relative tax efforts across 16 countries with considerations in Islamic history, culture, and natural resource endowment are elaborated. The last part summarizes the entire study. This publication is a good reference for economists and specialists concerned with the taxation and tax policies in the Middle East.

  • Papers in Economics and Sociology

    • 1st Edition
    • Oskar Lange
    • P. F. Knightsfield
    • English
    Papers in Economics and Sociology is a compilation of materials authored by the Polish economist Oskar Lange. The coverage of the essays covers the interrelations between economic and social issues. The text first covers the Marxist and socialist theory, and then proceeds to tackling political economy and socialism. Next, the selection deals with economic theory, along with the mathematical models, econometrics, and statistics utilized in economic analysis. The text also covers the economic science in the service of practice. The book will be of great use to political scientists, sociologists, behavioral scientists, and economists.

  • Innovation and Social Process

    A National Experiment in Implementing Social Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • Louis G. Tornatzky + 2 more
    • English
    Innovation and Social Process: A National Experiment in Implementing Social Technology discusses concerns, design, and methodologies of an experiment that deals with society's perception of innovation. Comprised of 11 chapters, the book first provides an overview of innovation, change, and problems of implementation; social process; and social innovation. The third chapter covers the methods of designing an experiment in organizational innovation, while the fourth chapter tackles participative decision making and innovation, and the fifth chapter tackles organization development and the implementation of an innovation. Chapter 6 deals with indigenous introduction and innovation; Chapter 7 on the other hand discusses promoting innovation communication through print. Chapter 8 talks about a case study of bureaucratic entrepreneurship, while Chapter 9 tackles site visits and innovation processes. The tenth chapter discusses perils of change agent training, and the last chapter provides an overview of the previous chapters. The book will be of great interest to researchers in the fields of psychology and sociology, since it provides a behavioral overview of society's reaction to innovation.

  • Stellar Formation

    International Series in Natural Philosophy, Volume 97
    • 1st Edition
    • V C Reddish
    • D. Ter Haar
    • English
    Stellar Formation focuses on the properties, distributions, characteristics, and formation of stars and galaxies. The manuscript first offers information on locations of star formation, as well as the distribution of interstellar gas, clouds, and globules; spatial relationships between young stars and interstellar matter; and distribution of young stars. The book also tackles frequency distribution of stellar masses and aggregates of stars. The text ponders on the frequency distribution of cloud masses, rate and environment of star formation, and cloud structure in the interstellar gas. The publication also examines the fragmentation of clouds into protostars and the frequency distribution of protostar masses, rate of formation of stars, and evolution of galaxies. Discussions focus on random fragmentation, gravitational turbulence, and fragmentation induced by molecule formation. The manuscript is a vital reference for scientists and readers interested in stellar formation.

  • Biology of Parasitic Spirochaetes

    • 1st Edition
    • Russell C. Johnson
    • English
    Biology of Parasitic Spirochaetes presents the proceedings of the First Symposium on the Biology of the Parasitic Spirochetes. This volume and the symposium from which it arises aims to present an overview and the current information available on the parasitic spirochetes. The etiological agents of the treponematoses, leptospiroses, and the relapsing fevers are discussed by distinguished investigators who provide extensive and sometimes unique knowledge of these bacteria. In addition to providing a valuable resource of information, this volume should reveal the gaps in our knowledge and stimulate interest in some of the neglected areas of spirochetal biology. This volume contains 32 papers organized into eight sections. Section I contains papers on spirochete morphology. Section II presents studies on spirochete cultivation, composition, and physiology. Sections III and IV deal with the classification of the spirochetes and the epidemiology of the spirochetoses, respectively. Section V focuses on laboratory diagnosis of the spirochetoses. Section VI examines the pathogenesis of spirochetal diseases. Section VII takes up immunity and spirochetal diseases while Section VIII covers the treatment and control of the spirochetoses.

  • Science and Technology in British Politics

    • 1st Edition
    • Norman J. Vig
    • English
    Science and Technology in British Politics covers the issues in science policy, which arose during 1959-1964 over British government policy and administration for supporting the advancement of science and technology. The book discusses relevant aspects of the political climate that contributed to the “politicization” of science, as well as on internal pressures for reform. The text also describes the contrasting approaches of the Conservative and Labor Parties and the role of Parliament and interest groups in science policymaking. The book concludes by tackling the political discussion of science policy. The text will be useful to students of politics.

  • The Social Psychology of Tourist Behaviour

    International Series in Experimental Social Psychology
    • 1st Edition
    • Philip L. Pearce
    • Michael Argyle
    • English
    The Social Psychology of Tourist Behaviour is a seven-chapter book that describes tourists, tourism, and tourist psychology. The book particularly explores economic, geographical, anthropological, and sociological studies of tourism. Subsequent chapters look into the social role of tourist; an approach to tourist motivation; social contact between tourists and hosts; and environmental settings of tourist behavior. The book will be useful for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and relevant practitioners, and in some cases for a rather broader public in the field of social psychology.

  • Transportation Planning, Policy and Analysis

    Urban and Regional Planning Series
    • 1st Edition
    • D. N. M. Starkie
    • English
    Urban and Regional Planning Series, Volume 13: Transportation Planning, Policy and Analysis is a review of selected policies affecting the administration, urban transportation, and proposals regarding transport improvements. The book discusses the inter-relationship of transport policy and analysis of transportation planning. The text outlines the development of transportation planning considering the constraints placed upon studies made in the transportation system. The author describes the planning process as evolving, with the nature of the problem changing along with the passing of time. The author reviews the administrative framework and the polices affecting urban traffic and public transports. He evaluates the policy-decision mechanisms influenced by ""maximization subject to constraint."" The author then presents some mathematical simulation models of transport, and then emphasizes that actual testing and experimentation of a model are needed to overcome any cardinal weaknesses. The book also cites the SELNEC and Tyneside studies where their major component is on road expenditure, which studies regarded as not very cost-effective. The author then cites legislations and development proposals that transportation plans should be integrated with land use planning and traffic systems. The author also discusses why developments in transport planning analysis is a political decision. City administrators, officials of traffic and engineering departments and bureaus, civil engineers, and urban developers will find this book of interest.

  • Guide to Contemporary Politics

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Liberal Studies Division
    • 1st Edition
    • N. C. Dexter + 1 more
    • D. F. Bratchell + 1 more
    • English
    Guide to Contemporary Politics describes basic political ideas and some of the issues dividing the major parties in British politics. The book starts with basic descriptions of political theory, covering the foundations of democracy, the choice of government, and the machinery of political power found in the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. The book then cites example of clichés and common misconception about politics between a communist and a socialist. This is followed by discussions and interviews on the politics, differences, qualities, and some perceptions on the Communist Party, the Conservative Party, the Labor Party, and the Liberal Party. The book then discusses any points of controversy or misunderstanding in an objective manner. The text gives an assessment of observations and notes of the different parties. The appendices also discuss the state of economy from 1945 to 1966, and how the newspapers saw the changing politics of the times. The book also discusses the use of opinion polls in political elections. Politicians, political candidates, campaign managers, and sociologists and historians will find this book informative and useful.

  • Background to Eastern Europe

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Liberal Studies Division
    • 1st Edition
    • F. B. Singleton
    • D. F. Bratchell + 1 more
    • English
    Background to Eastern Europe provides a historical overview of Eastern Europe. The book is comprised of seven chapters that detail several turning points in Eastern Europe history. The text first discusses the geography, climate, society, and economy of Eastern Europe. Next, the title provides a historical survey of Eastern Europe, which covers the growth of multi-national empires and nationalist movements. The next two chapters talk about major conflicts in Eastern Europe history. The remaining chapters deal with contemporary Eastern Europe. The book will be of great use to individuals who have a keen interest in the historical trend of Eastern Europe.

  • Dimensions of Automobile Demand

    A Longitudinal Study of Household Automobile Ownership and Use
    • 1st Edition
    • David A. Hensher
    • L. Anselin
    • English
    This unique book is the first attempt to fully integrate automobile ownership (by fleet size and vehicle type) and vehicle use in an intertemporal setting which recognises the durable nature of automobiles using extensive longitudinal panel data on each household (over 5 years). The book presents: the theoretical and econometric development of a joint discrete-continuous choice longitudinal model system of household and automobile ownership and use, bringing together 9 years of research;the application of the model system for the period 1981-1985 in Australia;the forecasting of the model system up to 2020; particular emphasis on the development and application of a longitudinal data base which is unique to the topic - to capture the dynamic (intertemporal) impacts of technological change, life-style change, fuel prices etc.The book not only extends the reader's knowledge of the dimensions of automobile demand but it also adds important new ideas on handling dynamics of choice, as well as new empirical evidence on elasticities of demand for vehicles and vehicle kilometres. Energy and transport planning specialists will find the book essential reading.

  • Relations between Western Europe and the United States of America

    Strasbourg University of Law, Political and Social Sciences and Technology, Under the Auspices of the Secretary General of the Council of Europe
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Relations between Western Europe and the United States of America focuses on issues surrounding the political, diplomatic, and strategic relations between the US and Western Europe. Composed of pieces of respected resource authors, the first part of the book is devoted to the elaboration of the varying positions of the authors regarding political, diplomatic, and strategic relations between the entities mentioned. The discussions focus on issues surrounding the concerns mentioned and also on recommendations as to how these obstacles can be resolved. The second part of the discussions focuses on economic, energy, and monetary relations. As in the first part, the varying positions of authors on these concerns are presented, coupled with presentations on the prevailing obstacles that the US and Western Europe face. Suggestions that are deemed valuable to the resolution of these issues are noted. The third part deals with human rights and pluralist democracy. This section notes the regression in the quality of worldwide action relative to the observance of human rights. This section contains the pieces of authors who have brought out the issues surrounding human rights and democracy. The text also discusses case studies regarding the state of relations between the US and Western Europe. The book is valuable to those who are concerned with the promotion of international relations.

  • Knowledge and Inference

    • 1st Edition
    • Makoto Nagao
    • English
    Knowledge and Inference discusses an important problem for software systems: How do we treat knowledge and ideas on a computer and how do we use inference to solve problems on a computer? The book talks about the problems of knowledge and inference for the purpose of merging artificial intelligence and library science. The book begins by clarifying the concept of ""knowledge"" from many points of view, followed by a chapter on the current state of library science and the place of artificial intelligence in library science. Subsequent chapters cover central topics in the artificial intelligence: search and problem solving, methods of making proofs, and the use of knowledge in looking for a proof. There is also a discussion of how to use the knowledge system. The final chapter describes a popular expert system. It describes tools for building expert systems using an example based on Expert Systems—A Practical Introduction by P. Sell (Macmillian, 1985). This type of software is called an ""expert system shell."" This book was written as a textbook for undergraduate students covering only the basics but explaining as much detail as possible.

  • The Politics of Workers' Participation

    The Peruvian Approach in Comparative Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Evelyne Huber Stephens
    • Charles Tilly + 1 more
    • English
    The Politics of Workers' Participation: The Peruvian Approach in Comparative Perspective presents a comparative analysis of the development of workers' participation in a variety of politico-economic systems in Peru to other countries in the world. The text focuses on the details of workers' participation in politics and enterprise; empirical evidence substantiating that workers' participation is an issue of fundamental political conflict; and the social forces that promote and oppose workers' participation as part of a transition to a new social order. Political scientists, economists, sociologists, and students will find the book invaluable.

  • Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Eldor Paul
    • English
    Soil Microbiology and Biochemsitry enconmpasses the broad spectrum of soil organisms and the dynamic processes carried on by them, including ecological relationships in the biota, the dynamics of the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and microbe-driven reactions involving sulfu, phosphorous, and metals. This reference source will prove invaluable to anyone involved in the study of agricultural and nonagricultural soils.

  • Rethinking the Process of Operational Research & Systems Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • R. Tomlinson + 1 more
    • English
    Invited contributions from distinguished practitioners and methodologists of operational research and applied systems analysis which represent a true state-of-the-art and which provide, perhaps for the first time, a coherent, interlocking, set of ideas which may be considered the foundations of the subject as a science in its own right.

  • The Economic Impacts of Tax—Transfer Policy

    Regional and Distributional Effects
    • 1st Edition
    • Fredrick L. Golladay + 1 more
    • English
    The Economic Impacts of Tax—Transfer Policy: Regional and Distributional Effects deals with evaluating proposed income-transfer policies through tax modeling. The book analyzes the direct and indirect effects of two variants of a negative income tax plan. These are the standard negative income tax and the Family Assistance Plan. By studying the indirect effects of income-maintenance programs on industries, occupations, and different regions, the authors point to understanding the effectiveness of alternative income-maintenance programs. Proposed changes in national taxes and transfer policies aim to achieve income redistribution. In their studies and models, the authors noted that the full impact of these tax policies throughout the income spectra covering different income classes, industries, occupations, and regions is different from that gathered from observations involving the direct effects of these schemes. The authors cite some policy implications resulting from their study, such as the redistributional impacts of direct tax-transfer scheme are not as efficient as expected and that increasing the demand for low-skilled workers and improving their job qualities is one way of improving income distribution. The text is valuable for economists and government policymakers in the finance and labor sectors, as well as for sociologists and political economists.

  • Networks of Collective Action

    A Perspective on Community Influence Systems
    • 1st Edition
    • Edward O. Laumann + 1 more
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Networks of Collective Action: A Perspective on Community Influence Systems develops a theoretically informed research framework for the structural analysis of social systems. To this end, special attention is given to two fundamental issues in structural analysis: First, how does one most usefully define or identify the elementary units, be they individuals, corporate actors, or population subgroups, that comprise a given social system, and in what ways should these elementary units be characterized or differentiated from one another? And, second, what are the relational modalities by which these actors are linked to one another in ways that are relevant to understanding how their individual preferences and behavior are coordinated or integrated with one another for purposes of collective action (i.e., to achieve collective goals)? The book is organized into three main parts. Part I describes the research site and its environmental context, and then makes a structural analysis of the internal social and value differentiation of the population subsystem. Part II focuses on the elite subsystem and on its role in resolving specific community controversies. Part III turns to a topic often neglected in studying democratically legitimized influence systems: the systematic theoretical and empirical characterization of the relationships between the elite and the population subsystems in the community.

  • Children's Social Behavior

    Development, Assessment, and Modification
    • 1st Edition
    • Phillip S. Strain + 2 more
    • English
    Children's Social Behavior: Development, Assessment, and Modification presents the principal aspects of social developmental study of children; assessment methodology and techniques; and changes in the behavioral targets of intervention and in the nature of interventions. The articles in the book deal with various subjects related to the study of children's social behavior. Topics discussed include the interdependence and interplay between biological and social forces on the child's developing social repertoire; causative factors that influence peer interaction deficits; sociometric procedures and direct observation assessment methods; and issues associated with target behavior selection and the selection of intervention tactics. Psychologists, educators, ethologists, anthropologists, psychiatrists, and sociologists will find the book invaluable.

  • Social Competence

    Interventions for Children and Adults
    • 1st Edition
    • Diana Pickett Rathjen + 1 more
    • English
    Social Competence: Interventions for Children and Adults focuses on the relationship between the social abilities and interpersonal skills of people, taking into consideration their satisfaction and productivity. This book offers a summary of innovative and validated interventions specifically made to improve social competence among adults and children. This text first presents how physical characteristics and behavior are considered as determinants of social competence. The differences that language plays among adults and children relative to self-control are highlighted. The role that parents play in shaping the mental health of their children is also emphasized. In molding the social competence of children, training programs on social skills in the classroom are given importance. The programs include the development of interpersonal skills during a child’s elementary school years. However, the development of such skills has not been traditionally thought as a responsibility of the education system. Social skills training program have been added to the program for patients suffering from psychomatic disorders, and this has been proven beneficial to them.

  • Arab-Israeli Military/Political Relations

    Arab Perceptions and the Politics of Escalation
    • 1st Edition
    • John W. Amos
    • English
    Arab-Israeli Military/Political Relations: Arab Perceptions and the Politics of Escalation examines the escalatory patterns of Israel's relations with Arab countries, paying particular attention to the preconditions, conditions, and ultimate precipitants of wars that have broken out with some repetitiveness in the Middle East. The impact of the October 1973 War (known as the Yom Kippur War in the West and the Ramadan War in Arab countries) on the United States interests in the Middle East is also assessed. This book is comprised of seven chapters and opens with an overview of the October War; those Arab states actually involved in the war, especially Egypt and Syria; and those Arab states having geographical access to either the Mediterranean or Indian Oceans, including the oil-producing states. The wider political and military implications of the war are discussed, with specific reference to super power interests. The following chapters discuss the perceptual context of Arab politics; the wars of 1967 and 1973 and the impact of Arab conflict imagery on an inherently escalatory situation; the consequences and lessons of the June 1967 war, or Six-Day War; and Arab coalition politics between 1970 and 1973. The final two chapters focus on the combined Egyptian-Syrian battle plan, code-named Operation Badr, and the historical and political implications of the 1973 war. This monograph will be of interest to diplomats, policymakers, and government officials concerned with the politics of war and in international relations more generally.

  • It's a Funny Thing, Humour

    Proceedings of The International Conference on Humour and Laughter 1976
    • 1st Edition
    • Antony J. Chapman + 1 more
    • English
    It's a Funny Thing, Humour contains the papers presented at the International Conference on Humor and Laughter, held in Cardiff in July 1976. The symposium provides a platform from which authors from different professional and personal background can talk about their own definition and analysis of humor. The book is structured into 10 main sections that reflect the structure of the conference and presents various studies and research on the nature of humor and laughter. Contributions range from theoretical discussions to practical and experimental expositions. Topics on the psychoanalytical theory of humor and laughter; the nature and analysis of jokes; cross-cultural research of humor; mirth measurement; and humor as a tool of learning are some of the topics covered in the symposium. Psychologists, sociologists, teachers, communication experts, psychiatrists, and people who are curious to know more about humor and laughter will find the book very interesting and highly amusing.

  • Cooperation

    An Experimental Analysis
    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald Marwell + 1 more
    • English
    Cooperation: An Experimental Analysis presents the results of an experimental analysis that sought to identify the factors that inhibit, maintain, or promote cooperation. Two of these factors are given particular attention: inequity and interpersonal risk between potential cooperators. Using a molar approach, the book applies some of the key methodological and theoretical insights of behavioral analysis to a group response that reflects the main conceptual characteristics of cooperation. The extent to which this behavioral response could be controlled by relevant environmental contingencies is also examined. Comprised of nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the concept of cooperation and the measurement and experimental design used in the study. It then summarizes the results of the first experiments that focus on the link between inequity and cooperation, followed by a discussion on the effect of interpersonal risk on cooperation. Subsequent chapters focus on the role of protection and communication in promoting cooperation despite the presence of risk; the effects of the relationships between partners on the likelihood of cooperating under risk; and how a strategy of "pacifism" could facilitate cooperation. The final chapter summarizes the results of the experiments. This monograph will be of interest to social psychologists and sociologists.

  • Dimensions of Behavior

    The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine
    • 1st Edition
    • Leon Wurmser + 1 more
    • English
    Dimensions of Behavior: The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine provides the general background of the field and lays the foundations of the origins of behavior. It is a modern textbook of psychiatry written specifically for medical students and physicians. In its comprehensive scope, it contains the contributions of all the disciplines that are relevant to the behavioral, psychological, social, and humanistic aspects of medicine, as well as the contributions of clinical psychiatry that constitute an integral part of the healing art and science of medicine. The book is organized into six parts. Parts I and II are introductory and present the historical development of psychological thinking in medicine and the evolving status of psychiatry in the contemporary scene, with an emphasis on the need for a new medical model. They further attempt to sketch a general conceptualization of human behavior that transcends the disciplinary boundaries of biological and psychosocial sciences, through an introduction into the philosophical and epistemological approaches to studying man and his behavior. Part III introduces basic concepts related to an evolutionary understanding of human behavior, together with contributing extrapolations from ethological and laboratory animal studies. Parts IV through VI present the developmental dimension of behavior. Human development is discussed from the point of view of its biological foundations and genetic determinants, from the point of view of the various psychological theories of personality development, and in terms of the developmental stages of man. This longitudinal perspective of behavior provides the fundamental considerations for understanding the uniqueness of the individual.

  • Research and Human Needs

    • 1st Edition
    • Augusto Forti + 1 more
    • English
    Research and Human Needs considers the interrelationship between scientific research, human needs, and economic order. This book is composed of 15 chapters and starts with an overview of the priorities for scientific research, including the fields of bioscience, technology, and research applied to national needs. Other chapters provide an example of an interdisciplinary course on science and human needs. These topics are followed by discussions of information development through information popularization and the popularization of scientific research through human needs. The final chapters cover topics such as the quality of human life, and human rights and needs. This book is of value to researchers and non-specialist readers.

  • Handbook of the Psychology of Aging

    • 3rd Edition
    • James E. Birren
    • English
    Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Third Edition describes the psychology of adult development and aging. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 28 chapters that cover the basic behavioral changes and capacities occurring with advancing age. The first part deals with the history, concept, and models of the psychology of aging. This part also examines the distinctions between physical, biological, psychological, and social time or age. The second part explores the influences of racial, ethnic, and cultural factors on biological/health, social, and psychological aging processes. This part also surveys gender differences in aging. The third part describes numerous behavioral processes, changes, and patterns in advancing age. This part specifically considers the motivation, cognitive and motor performance, attentional processes, learning, memory, personality, and wisdom in aging. The fourth part focuses on the applications of the concepts and principles of aging to the individual and society. This book will be of great value to psychologists, researchers, and graduate students.

  • The Trade Unions—What Are They?

    The Commonwealth and International Library
    • 1st Edition
    • Tony Van Den Bergh
    • Robert Robinson + 1 more
    • English
    The Trade Unions—What Are They? is a primer of the trade union movement in Britain and examines the convolutions of industrial negotiations as well as the intricacies that have to be unraveled by those handling the problems—whether of the application of the Incomes and Prices policy or of restrictive practices. This book traces the history of British trade unions and presents the biographies of five great trade union leaders of the past. Four famous trade-union cases are also highlighted, along with some important events and statistics. This monograph is comprised of 13 chapters and begins with a brief historical account of trade unions in Britain before presenting biographical sketches of five great union leaders: Tom Mann, John Burns, Ben Tillett, Will Thorne, and Ernest Bevin. The next section examines four famous trade union cases: the Tolpuddle Martyrs, the Taff Vale case, the Osborne Verdict, and Rookes vs. Barnard. The remaining chapters discuss some major events and statistics relating to the British trade union movement from the 14th to the 20th centuries, including laws, prices and incomes, the enactment of the Ordinance and Statute of Labourers in 1349 and 1351, and the strike staged by signalmen of the Taff Vale Railway in 1901. This text will be of interest to trade union officers and members as well as industry and government officials.

  • Handbook of Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • A.F.J. van Raan
    • English
    Quantitative studies of science and technology represent the research field of utilization of mathematical, statistical, and data-analytical methods and techniques for gathering, handling, interpreting, and predicting a variety of features of the science and technology enterprise, such as performance, development, and dynamics. The field has both strongly developed applied research as well as basic research characteristics.The principal purpose of this handbook is to present this wide range of topics in sufficient depth to give readers a reasonably systematic understanding of the domain of contemporary quantitative studies of science and technology, a domain which incorporates theory, methods and techniques, and applications. In addressing this domain, the handbook aims at different groups of readers: those conducting research in the field of science and technology, including (graduate) students, and those who are to use results of the work presented in this book.

  • Psych City

    A Simulated Community
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert I. Cohen + 2 more
    • English
    Psych City is a book that is used as a guide to organize a simulated community. The goal of the book is not only to create a simulated community, but also to provide opportunities for those involved in the experience to learn the events and patterns of life found in the community and examine the psychological, social, and political systems that are found in the community. The book is divided into two sections. Section I is the simulation proper, and gives detailed descriptions of simulated living conditions such as geography, population, housing, government, education, finance, and taxes. The first part also assigns the participants to the different roles they have to play and gives the community problems to solve. The second part is made up of sets of readings and exercises that pertain to the different situations found in the simulated community. The text is recommended for psychology, sociology, and anthropology professors that wish to give an interactive learning experience for the entire class, as well as those who wish to further study about community and conduct social experiments.

  • Indian Hygiene and Public Health

    • 1st Edition
    • C. L. Dunn + 1 more
    • English
    Indian Hygiene and Public Health is a handbook on hygiene and public health in India and covers topics ranging from the purification of water supply to the effects of impure air on hygiene and health. Collection and disposal of refuse, excreta, and sewage in Indian villages are also discussed, along with communicable diseases of the tropics and sanitary law in India. Comprised of 18 chapters, this book first looks at the sources of water supply, sources of water pollution, and protection of well water supplies in India. The reader is then introduced to methods of purification of water supplies, including filtration methods and chemical methods such as the chlorine method and the ozone method. Subsequent chapters deal with air pollution and its health effects; practical application of the principles of ventilation; collection and disposal of refuse, excreta, and sewage in Indian villages; artificial water-logging and surface drainage; and diseases caused by adulteration of food. Meat inspection, personal and school hygiene, and disinfection are also taken into account. This monograph will be of interest to medical health officers as well as students, workers, and officials in the fields of hygiene, sanitation, and public health.

  • Measures of Maturity

    My Early Life
    • 1st Edition
    • N. S. Patolichev
    • English
    Measures of Maturity: My Early Life focuses on the life journey of N.S. Patolichev, including his experiences in childhood and involvement in the labor sector and the military. The book first highlights the accomplishments of the father of N.S. Patolichev during the Civil War. The text then offers information on the childhood of Patolichev, taking into consideration the harsh realities of poor peasant life that straddled his family. Patolichev particularly highlights the role of horses in alleviating the standard of living of people in his village during that time. The manuscript describes the life of Patolichev when he worked at a chemical plant. He said that working at the plant gave him and his companions their first essential experience in life. Patolichev narrates his experience when he was asked to take the position of Central Committee assistant. The text also underscores his feats during the war, taking into consideration the setbacks that the war brought to nations. Patolichev also describes his experience when he was appointed first secretary of the Chelyabinsk Regional and City Party Committee. The book is a fine reference for readers and war enthusiasts interested in life of N.S. Patolichev.

  • Physical Disability and Human Behavior

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 2nd Edition
    • James W. McDaniel
    • Arnold P. Goldstein + 1 more
    • English
    Physical Disability and Human Behavior, Second Edition presents the theoretical foundations of disability and behavior. This book is divided into seven chapters that address the developmental consequences of brain injuries. This book covers the bases of attitudes toward the disabled; emotional reactions to illness and disability; adolescent development and personality; depression and denial; situational stresses of illness; applicable perceptual theories; family attitudes and relationships; and studies in rheumatoid arthritis. Other chapters consider the analysis of Parson’s Social Role Theory and the attitudes of employers towards the disabled. These topics are followed by discussions of the principles of somatopsychology and the social isolation and restricted mobility. A chapter is devoted to the influence of emotional arousal in rehabilitation. The concluding chapter focuses on the relation of physical changes to emotional behavior. The book can provide useful information to psychologists, therapists, students, and researchers.

  • Theory of Intermolecular Forces

    International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy
    • 2nd Edition
    • H. Margenau + 1 more
    • D. Ter Haar
    • English
    Theory of Intermolecular Forces deals with the exposition of the principles and techniques of the theory of intermolecular forces. The text focuses on the basic theory and surveys other aspects, with particular attention to relevant experiments. The initial chapters introduce the reader to the history of intermolecular forces. Succeeding chapters present topics on short, intermediate, and long range atomic interactions; properties of Coulomb interactions; shape-dependent forces between molecules; and physical adsorption. The book will be of good use to experts and students of quantum mechanics and advanced physical chemistry.

  • Lay Theories

    Everyday Understanding of Problems in the Social Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 17
    • Michael Argyle
    • English
    Lay theories - the informal, common-sense explanations people give for particular social behaviours - are often very different from formal 'scientific' explanations of what actually happens. While they have been studied in the past, this is the first attempt to review, in detail, the nature of these beliefs. More specifically, it is the first study to consider such fundamental questions as the structure, aetiology, stability and consequence of lay theories about a range of topics. Each chapter covers a different area, such as psychology, psychiatry, medicine, economics, statistics, law and education.

  • Unfinished Democracy

    Women in Nordic Politics
    • 1st Edition
    • E. Haavio-Mannila + 1 more
    • English
    This book contains a thorough and detailed comparison of the five Nordic political systems, including the role played by women. It is based on empirical data for the last hundred years which is interpreted with regard to political and social science theories. The results of this study show that the political participation by women has increased rapidly, especially during the last fifteen years.

  • Experiments in Behaviour Therapy

    Readings in Modern Methods of Treatment of Mental Disorders Derived from Learning Theory
    • 1st Edition
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    Experiments in Behavior Therapy: Readings in Modern Methods of Treatment of Mental Disorders Derived from Learning Theory focuses on experiments involving the application of modern theories of learning and conditioning to behavior disorders. The selection first offers information on the nature of behavior and systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses. Discussions focus on the technique of systematic desensitization, examples of hierarchies from actual cases, and desensitization procedure. The text then ponders on experimental desensitization of a phobia, treatment by a method derived from experimental psychology, and treatment of anxiety and phobic reactions by systematic desensitization psychotherapy. The publication examines the treatment of chronic frigidity by systematic desensitization, application of reciprocal inhibition therapy to exhibitionism, and group therapy of phobic disorders by systematic desensitization. The isolation of a conditioning procedure as the crucial psychotherapeutic factor; application of learning principles to the treatment of obsessive-compulsive states in the acute and chronic phases of illness; and case of homosexuality treated by aversion therapy are also discussed. The selection is a dependable source of data for readers interested in behavior therapy.

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