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Elsevier

Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • Human Motivation

    Commentary on Goal-Directed Action
    • 1st Edition
    • Nathan Brody
    • English
    Human Motivation: Commentary on Goal-Directed Action deals with human motivation, illustrating a simplistic model of a goal-directed action sequence derived from the usual layman's conception of a goal-directed action. This book consists of five chapters. After an introduction provided in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 considers the Hullian tradition in motivation, emphasizing that there is a body of evidence that requires an analysis of motivational phenomena in nonpurposive terms. The theories growing out of research on achievement motivation is examined in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 covers the theory of affective dynamics and applications of certain economic principles to human behavior, including theoretical developments to the theory of action presented in the preceding chapter. Chapter five discusses complexities in the commonsense view of action tendencies, such as the usual assumption that individuals are aware of the reasons for their actions and goals toward which their actions are directed is challenged. This publication is a good reference for students and researchers conducting work on the study of human motivation.

  • Sex in Relation to Society

    Studies in The Psychology of Sex, Vol. 6
    • 1st Edition
    • Havelock Ellis
    • English
    Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume VI: Sex in Relation to Society describes the social attitude and legal opinion toward sex. This volume is composed of 12 chapters, and starts with a survey on the maternal role in child's early knowledge about sex. The next chapters explore the principles of sex education, nakedness, sexual love, chastity, and sexual abstinence. Other chapters cover sex-related topics including the origin and development of prostitution, sexual morality, marriage, and the so-called ""art of love"". A chapter tackles the issue of acquiring venereal disease due to sexual malpractice and prostitution. The final chapter discusses the link between the art of love and the science of procreation. This book will be of value to psychologists, teachers, parents, and the general readers who are interested the allied fields.

  • Origins of Madness

    Psychopathology in Animal Life
    • 1st Edition
    • J. D. Keehn
    • English
    Origins of Madness: Psychopathology in Animal Life provides information pertinent to the abnormal behavior in animals and its bearing on human psychopathology. This book discusses the behavioral abnormalities of animals in the wild or under circumstances of confinement, as in circuses, laboratories, households, and zoos, where the abnormalities appear without intention. Organized into 11 sections encompassing 44 chapters, this book begins with an overview of psychosomatic studies in animals. This text then examines the two fundamental methods for producing experimental neuroses. Other chapters consider the practical implication of the basic parallelism between animal and human neuroses. This book discusses as well the emotional disorders responsible for the inability of psychoneurotic patients and experimentally neurotic animals to cope with real life situations as they happen. The final chapter deals with the method that produces a striking behavior abnormality in dogs. This book is a valuable resource for veterinarians and clinical psychologists.

  • An Introduction to Sociology

    • 1st Edition
    • Bryan S. R. Green + 1 more
    • English
    An Introduction to Sociology presents the theoretical approaches, the methods of inquiry, and the concepts with which sociologists attempt to order the intricate phenomena of social interaction. This book provides an illustration of particular investigations that may provide some insights into substantive features of society and social behavior. Organized into six chapters, this book starts with an overview of scientific proposition, which is the statement of a relationship between specified properties of events and objects. This text then explains the fundamental concepts that appear in the empirical and theoretical writings of sociologists. Other chapters present a discussion of what sociologists actually study, which includes the substantive areas of investigation and the aims of the investigation. This book discusses as well the institutionalized areas of society, including the family, the economy, and the polity. The final chapter deals with the theories of the middle-range. This book is a valuable resource for sociologists.

  • Praxiology

    An Introduction to the Sciences of Efficient Action
    • 1st Edition
    • Tadeusz Kotarbinski
    • English
    Praxiology: An introduction to the Sciences of Efficient Action deals with the general theory of achieving efficient actions. The concept of a praxiology and the technique of a praxiologist toward finding the most efficient way of achieving things are the concerns in this book. Praxiology is discussed as being the codification for practical behavior. The notions of praxiology is clarified and the tasks of registering and ordering what are already known and existing concepts of efficient work are gathered and presented. This book also shows the concepts of the simple act of the agent, the free impulse, material, tool, and product involved in any kind of external work that is undertaken. An analysis following instruments as the source of power in themselves is considered, because these instruments can exert pressure on the external work being done. This text then discusses action as a compound act or a collective act. Then, the author expounds that among other possibilities, there is only a fine possibility that an action can be done. Taken into consideration are the praxiological values, the economization, preparation, and instrumentalization of actions. The principles of co-operation are discussed, compared to struggling or negative cooperation, as leading to improved accomplishment and efficiency of work. The author adds that praxiology can be applied mentally as well, but he considers this as a special case. Psychologists, psychiatrists, work process engineers, and behavioral scientists will find this book illuminating and educational.

  • The Growth of Parliamentary Scrutiny by Committee

    A Symposium
    • 1st Edition
    • Alfred Morris
    • English
    The Growth of Parliamentary Scrutiny by Committee documents the proceedings of a symposium convened by Alfred Morris, a Member of Parliament (MP) for Manchester, Wythenshawe. This book compiles a series of essays written by seven other MPs of the 1966-70 Parliament who are either “for” or “against” the proposed Select Committee on Procedure, which is a committee composed of back-benchers of all parties who specialize in parliamentary procedure. This text also discusses the Select Committee in several departments in the parliamentary, such as science and technology, agriculture, overseas aid, nationalized industries, race relations, and immigration. The role of Britain's “Ombudsman” in the process of parliamentary scrutiny is likewise deliberated. This publication is a good source for students and individuals researching on the select committee system and parliamentary scrutiny.

  • Contemporary Scientific Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • Albert R. Gilgen
    • English
    Contemporary Scientific Psychology is a compendium of papers dealing with the scientific method in action in psychology. The first two papers introduce the paradigm, progress, and problems found in scientific psychology, as well as the observation, discovery, and confirmation used in theory building (including fallacies pertaining to theory construction). Other papers deal with research areas such as the neurobehavioral foundations of the biology of mind. This research area includes the mechanism-specific approaches in behavior genetics, particularly the genetic effect as such effect is considered dependent on the mechanisms altered by the environment or the genetic equivalent of a stimuli. Another paper discusses comparative psychology in studies involving animal behavior, while another author tackles the significant trends in the field of developmental psychology, especially as this relates to the early learning processes of humans. This book can be helpful for students and teachers in courses related to experimental psychology, psychological theories, philosophy of science, and other academicians and professionals who are interested in general psychology.

  • Social Incentives

    A Life-Span Developmental Approach
    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Veroff + 1 more
    • English
    Social Incentives: A Life-Span Developmental Approach presents a developmental perspective about universal social goals, one that provides an examination of human motivation over the life span. The book aims to discover the kind of goals people display in their interactions with one another, how to understand them, how are they acquired, and how do they help in understanding human social behavior. Discussions on the theory of social incentives from the point of view of developmental psychology; social motivations during the different stages of life; and the socialization process based on a life-span developmental model of social motivation brings us closer to understanding the topic. Social and developmental psychologists, motivational experts, and clinicians will find the text invaluable.

  • Patterns of Emotions

    A New Analysis of Anxiety and Depression
    • 1st Edition
    • Carrolle E. Izard
    • English
    Patterns of Emotions: A New Analysis of Anxiety and Depression provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of anxiety and depression phenomena experienced in some degree by everyone and in crippling intensity by many. This book is a sequel to The Face of Emotion (Izard, 1971), which presented a general conceptual framework for the study of the personality, a theory of the emotions, and evidence for the universality of the fundamental emotions of interest, joy, surprise, distress, anger, disgust, contempt, shame, and fear. The book defines the problems of anxiety and depression, in the framework of differential emotion theory, as combinations or patterns of interacting fundamental emotions and bodily feelings. The differential emotion theory of anxiety and depression is compared with psychoanalytic theory, cognitive theory, and biogenetic theory. A number of studies are presented which support the differential emotion analysis of anxiety and depression. The book also presents studies of various life situations in which a particular fundamental emotion is dominant. What has been found repeatedly is that, in each such situation, the dominant emotion occurs in a pattern of dynamically related fundamental emotions. The patterns for a variety of commonly experienced and universal emotion situations are presented and discussed.

  • Social Support, Life Events, and Depression

    • 1st Edition
    • Nan Lin + 2 more
    • English
    Social Support, Life Events, and Depression describes a research program that looked into the social process of mental health. This research program provided an arena for opportunities to explore many topics concerning the relationships among social support, life events, and mental health (primarily depressive symptoms). The volume is organized into six parts. Part I sets the background and scope of the study. Part II focuses on the dependent variable (depression), one of the two independent variables (life events], and the key control variable [psychological resources). Part III describes the measurement of social support. Part IV examines the basic models involving social support, life events, psychological resources, and depression. Part V proceeds to examine the reduced basic model in terms of a number of factors, such as age, sex, marital status, social class, and history of prior illness. Part VI discusses several specific issues regarding the dynamics of social support. This book is intended primarily for researchers, scientists, professionals, and instructors who are interested in examining both conceptual and methodological issues regarding social factors in mental health. Thus, those working in the area of public health, social and behavioral sciences, and medical professions may find this book useful. Because of the way the chapters are organized, it is possible for researchers and practitioners alike to select and read chapters pertinent to their specific interests.

  • Artificial Human Insemination

    Report of a Conference Held in London under the Auspices of the Public Morality Council
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Artificial Human Insemination: Report of a Conference held under the Auspices of the Public Morality Council reviews the medical, sociological, psychological, and theological aspects of artificial insemination. This book is divided into 11 chapters that discuss various statements made by some representative of certain sector of the society. It addresses legal issues of using artificial insemination in humans and demonstrates the mode that was taken to clarify these issues. Some of the topics covered in the book are the procedure and policy in relation to human artificial insemination; definition of human artificial insemination; analysis of the procedure of using the method; progress in the development of a fetus; analysis of the effectiveness of the method; and possible insemination of a sperm from a third party. Other chapters describe the situations wherein the method of human artificial insemination is used. The discussion then shifts to the history and developments in applying the method, as well as an analysis of a doctor’s opinion on the result of using the method for impotent husband. The remaining chapters deal with the advantages and disadvantages of using the method. The book can provide useful information to the doctors, theologians, sociologists, students, and researchers.

  • Science and Technology in British Politics

    • 1st Edition
    • Norman J. Vig
    • English
    Science and Technology in British Politics covers the issues in science policy, which arose during 1959-1964 over British government policy and administration for supporting the advancement of science and technology. The book discusses relevant aspects of the political climate that contributed to the “politicization” of science, as well as on internal pressures for reform. The text also describes the contrasting approaches of the Conservative and Labor Parties and the role of Parliament and interest groups in science policymaking. The book concludes by tackling the political discussion of science policy. The text will be useful to students of politics.

  • Variability in Human Drug Response

    • 1st Edition
    • Stephen E. Smith + 1 more
    • English
    Variability in Human Drug Response examines why individual patients differ significantly in their response to drug administration. This book is devoted mainly to pharmacokinetics and covers topics such as drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The sensitivity of tissues of the body to drugs and the importance of monitoring drug therapy are also discussed. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an introduction to variability in clinical response to administration of defined drugs, as well as the importance of closely matching dosage to the individual patient's requirement to achieve an optimal response to drug administration. The chapters that follow highlight the pharmacokinetic origin of most variability in the clinical response to drugs, along with the difficulties inherent in predicting the effect of drug administration in an individual patient. The role of genetic and environmental factors, disease, and the concomitant administration of other drugs in determining an individual's response to any therapeutic maneuver is also examined. The last chapter describes two methods of monitoring drug therapy: monitoring drug effects or monitoring the plasma levels of drugs. This monograph will be of interest to practicing clinicians and senior medical students.

  • Physique and Delinquent Behavior

    A Thirty-Year Follow-Up of William H. Sheldon's Varieties of Delinquent Youth
    • 1st Edition
    • Emil M. Hartl + 2 more
    • David T. Lykken
    • English
    Physique and Delinquent Behavior: A Thirty-year Follow-Up of William H. Sheldon's Varieties of Delinquent Youth is a progress report on the lives of 200 men. The men detailed in this book started as boys in the middle 1930s that included runaways, truants, and delinquents. They became adults during the fluid socioeconomic, political and cultural times in the Unites States. The book defines the psychiatric variables and presents brief biographies of these men. The authors then apply a statistical review of the careers of these men that included 20 cases in a normal group, 90 cases in a second-order psychopathic groups, 12 cases in a borderline psychopathy group, 11 cases in a first order psychopathy group, and 16 cases of alcoholism. The rest are also classified in other groups such as gynephrenosis, criminality, or medical insufficiency. The authors point that an increasing probability of gynephrenotic difficulty in men whose ratings diverge far from that of the male mean. The authors also note that the constitutional approach they applied can explain some complex relation between biology and sex-related behavior. This book is suitable for behavioral scientists, psychiatrists, psychologists, students and professors in the sciences of human behavior.

  • Analysis and Design of Structural Sandwich Panels

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Structures and Solid Body Mechanics Division
    • 1st Edition
    • Howard G. Allen
    • B. G. Neal
    • English
    Analysis and Design of Structural Sandwich Panels serves as a simple guide to the fundamental aspects of the theory of sandwich construction and to the assumptions on which it is based. This book discusses the real importance of the assumptions made in sandwich theory concerning the relative stiffness and thickness of the faces and the core. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the relatively simple problems of sandwich beams and struts. This text then discusses the bending of sandwich beams, which grows naturally from the ordinary theory of bending. Other chapters explore the bending and buckling of sandwich panels. This book discusses as well the panel analyses based on the Ritz method and on the derivation of differential equations for a sandwich plate. This book should be of interest not only to aeronautical engineers but also to readers concerned with the design of sandwich panels in the building, plastics, and boat-building industries.

  • State and Trait

    State and Trait
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • A. R. Smith + 1 more
    • English
    This third volume of Handbook of Human Performance addresses individual differences in human performance. The book considers both effects related to stable characteristics and those which are a product of either endogenous changes in state, or induced by task performance itself. It includes chapters on intelligence, demographic factors, extra version, and fatigue. Although a wide range of topics is covered, all contributions are linked in a consistent manner to human performance.

  • Social Demography

    • 1st Edition
    • Karl E. Taeuber + 2 more
    • English
    Social Demography focuses on selected topics on social science research on population. The papers included in the book are compiled from a conference sponsored by the Center for Population Research, held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in June 1975. The book compiles various findings in social and behavioral research. Chapters explore topics on trend analysis; the sociological meaning of age, and the social-psychological processes of reproductive behavior; analysis of certain aspects of the spatial organization of metropolitan activities; the changing racial stratification; and the future of research in social demography. Demographers, sociologists, and political and economic policy makers will find the book as a good source of insights.

  • A Theory of Behavior in Organizations

    • 1st Edition
    • James C. Naylor + 2 more
    • English
    A Theory of Behavior in Organizations develops a theory for organizational behavior, or, more accurately, a theory of individual behavior within organizations of behavior. The book begins by discussing a series of general issues involved in the theory of behavior in organizations. It then describes the theory itself in three stages: first, the general structure of the theory; second, definition of the key variables; and third, the interrelationships between the variables. Subsequent chapters show how the theory deals specifically with such issues as roles, decision making, and motivation. The theory presented is a cognitive theory of behavior. It assumes that man is rational (or at least nonrandom) for the most part, and that as a systematic or nonrandom generator of behavior, man's actions are explained best in terms of conscious, thinking acts on the part of the individual. The theory deals with why the individual chooses certain alternative courses of action in preference to others, and thus it might properly be called a theory of choice behavior. Whereas the emphasis is on the cognitive aspects of behavior, considerable attention has been devoted to external, noncognitive variables in the system that play meaningful roles in the determination of individual behavior.

  • The Economic Impacts of Tax—Transfer Policy

    Regional and Distributional Effects
    • 1st Edition
    • Fredrick L. Golladay + 1 more
    • English
    The Economic Impacts of Tax—Transfer Policy: Regional and Distributional Effects deals with evaluating proposed income-transfer policies through tax modeling. The book analyzes the direct and indirect effects of two variants of a negative income tax plan. These are the standard negative income tax and the Family Assistance Plan. By studying the indirect effects of income-maintenance programs on industries, occupations, and different regions, the authors point to understanding the effectiveness of alternative income-maintenance programs. Proposed changes in national taxes and transfer policies aim to achieve income redistribution. In their studies and models, the authors noted that the full impact of these tax policies throughout the income spectra covering different income classes, industries, occupations, and regions is different from that gathered from observations involving the direct effects of these schemes. The authors cite some policy implications resulting from their study, such as the redistributional impacts of direct tax-transfer scheme are not as efficient as expected and that increasing the demand for low-skilled workers and improving their job qualities is one way of improving income distribution. The text is valuable for economists and government policymakers in the finance and labor sectors, as well as for sociologists and political economists.

  • Perspectives on Social Network Research

    • 1st Edition
    • Paul W. Holland + 1 more
    • English
    Perspectives on Social Network Research covers the proceedings of the Mathematical Social Science Board's Advanced Research Symposium on Social Networks held at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, on September 18-21, 1975. This symposium was organized to survey research on social networks as well as review and criticize major research thrusts involving network studies of social behavior. The book covers topics such as the Davis/Holland/Leinha... studies, structural sociometry, network analysis of the diffusion of innovations, and the deterministic models of social networks. Also covered are topics such as structural control models for group processes, social clusters and opinion clusters, equilibrating processes in social networks, and estimation of population totals by use of snowball samples. The text is recommended for sociologists, anthropologists, and psychologists, especially those who would like to know more about social network and are currently engaged in research in that particular field.

  • Critical Food Issues of the Eighties

    Pergamon Policy Studies on Socio–Economic Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Marylin Chou + 1 more
    • English
    Critical Food Issues of the Eighties: Pergamon Policy Studies — 39 focuses on the problems of the food industry, including food and nutrition policies and impact of regulation on food and agricultural productivity and agricultural chemicals. The selection first discusses the preoccupation with food safety, as well as advances in agricultural productivity and food processing; cultural and social changes affecting the food industry; and diet-related health concerns. The book then takes a look at food price inflation, as well as price trends in the food systems, economic efficiency in the food system, imported foods, and profitability. The text reviews changing food policies and national nutrition goals. Concerns include expanded constituency and components of food policies; conquering nutrition deficiency diseases; nutrient food disclosure; and difficulty of identifying nutrient usage or food group needs. The selection also tackles the effects of government policies on technological innovation in the food industry; assessment of future technological advances in agriculture and their impact on the regulatory environment; and changing attitudes and lifestyle shaping food technology in the 1980s. The book is a vital source of data for readers interested in the issues of the food industry in the 1980s.

  • Comparative Research on Education

    Overview, Strategy and Applications in Eastern and Western Europe
    • 1st Edition
    • Manfred Niessen + 1 more
    • English
    Comparative Research on Education: Overview, Strategy and Applications in Eastern and Western Europe is a two-part book that first gives an overview and an appraisal of the comparative research on education. Then, the book presents examples of the type of investigation that is defined as ""comparative research on education."" Comparative research studies in Western as well as in Eastern Europe are covered in both parts of the book. This book will be useful to students of comparative education as it presents pertinent examples of how empirical methods can be employed in dealing with central problems in education.

  • Human Settlements

    National Reports: Summaries and Reference Guide
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Human Settlements is a collection of government reports presented at HABITAT: United Nations Conference on Human Settlements held in Vancouver, Canada from May 31 to June 11, 1976. The reports describe human settlement issues of greatest concern to each government and consider solutions that may be successful. These issues include the threatening growth of the world's population, the grain to feed them, and the safe water to restore their health, as well as work to end unemployment and the gaps in income. This book is comprised of seven chapters and begins with an assessment of the policy framework within which nations approach human settlement decisions. Aspirations for the improvement of the quality of human life are discussed, along with objectives and goals to be attained through planning. The following chapters explore the experiences and promise of planning for human settlements in regional, metropolitan, and rural areas; the practical technological and policy problems in satisfying basic human requirements within settlements, with emphasis on shelter, infrastructure, and social services; the importance of land in human settlements; and the roles of public participation within the planning process for human settlements. The last chapter summarizes the possibilities and problems of solving human settlement problems through international cooperation and discusses various mechanisms which may be useful to the international community. This monograph will be a valuable resource for social scientists, social policymakers, human settlement planners, public officials, and citizens who are committed to the improvement of living conditions for all members of society.

  • Urban Systems Models

    • 1st Edition
    • J. William Schmidt
    • English
    Urban Systems Models provides description, optimization, and analysis of the main features of highly urbanized areas. It details and shows many models intended to aid in the study of urban problems. The book focuses mainly on land use, public facility siting, population analysis, resource allocation in congested urban settings, and transportation networks. The text aims to bridge the gap between the use of applied mathematics and techniques on urban analysis. Civil and industrial engineers, transportation and urban planners, public administrators, researchers, and students in related fields will find the book very useful.

  • Curiosity and Exploration

    Theories and Results
    • 1st Edition
    • Hans-Georg Voss + 1 more
    • English
    Curiosity and Exploration: Theories and Results provides a systematic review of research on curiosity and exploration and is intended to present theories, methods, and research findings and to compare these with other fields of psychology. The text discusses topics on various aspects of curiosity and exploration such as the historical development of curiosity research; theoretical approaches to fully explain the phenomena of curiosity and exploration; developmental perspective in the study of curiosity and exploration; and the author's summary and evaluation at the end of the book. Psychologists will find the book to be very interesting.

  • Progress in Behavior Modification

    Volume 14
    • 1st Edition
    • Michel Hersen + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 14 covers the developments in the study of behavior modification. The book discusses the research on the education of autistic children; behavioral approaches to drug abuse; and behavior therapy and community living skills. The text also describes the behavior modification in New Zealand; the critical treatment parameters in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and their application in applied outcome research; and the nutritional approaches to behavior modification. Punishment, a concept that is no longer necessary, is also considered. Psychologists and psychiatrists will find the book invaluable.

  • Essays on Planning Theory and Education

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 20
    • A. Faludi
    • English
    A selection of essays concerned with the evolution of thought in the fields of both planning theory and education. A joint treatment of these closely related themes adds to the understanding of planning theory as a conceptual basis for planning and aims to engender discussion of improvements to the education of planners.

  • Manpower Policies for the Use of Science and Technology in Development

    Pergamon Policy Studies on Socio-Economic Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Charles V. Kidd
    • English
    Manpower Policies for the Use of Science and Technology in Development discusses several factors to consider when making human-resource-relat... policies in the science and technology industries. The book is comprised of eight chapters; each chapter tackles a specific area of concern regarding manpower policies. Chapter 1 covers the frameworks and definitions and discusses topics such as the significance of manpower for development. Chapter 2 deals with demand, supply, and forecasting, and Chapter 3 reviews the national structures for science and technology. The fourth chapter covers domestic training institution, including the roles and effectiveness, while the fifth chapter talks about the creation and evolution of domestic institutions. Chapter 6 then discusses the multinational agencies and transnational firms. Chapter 7 tackles the concept of brain drain, and Chapter 8 discusses the conclusion and provides recommendations. The book will be of great interest to professionals in the science and technology industries, especially those who hold management positions.

  • Trees in the City

    Habitat: a Series of Texts on All Aspects of Human Settlements
    • 1st Edition
    • Ira Bruce Nadel + 2 more
    • Ira B. Nadel + 1 more
    • English
    Trees in the City provides an introduction to the process of humanizing the cityscape and guide to planting trees in city conditions. This book focuses on four basic concepts. First, trees play an essential role in human's urban life. Second, people must become aware of the environmental, esthetic, social, and political importance of trees. Third, trees need to be integrated with the pattern and function of urban activity. Finally, the design, placement, and maintenance of trees on city streets are the responsibility of everyone in the community. The topics discussed include a short history of trees in the city; environmental and esthetic relation of trees, human, and the city; tree choices and features; and designing a city street—models, problems, and matrixes. This publication is beneficial to landscape architects and individuals interested in tree planting in urban areas.

  • Man and Woman

    A Study of Secondary and Tertiary Sexual Characters
    • 8th Edition
    • Havelock Ellis
    • English
    Man and Woman: A Study of Secondary and Tertiary Sexual Characters, Eight Edition Revised covers the developments of biological investigation of male and female sexual characteristics. This 16-chapter book specifically considers the radical and essential characters of men and women uninfluenced by external modifying conditions. This book starts with an introduction to the boundary between secondary and tertiary sexual characters. The subsequent chapters examine some of the measurable sex differences in terms of metabolism, the viscera, the growth and body proportions, and the senses. Other chapters describe the anatomical distinction between sexes, including the pelvis and the head. A chapter highlights the phenomena of menstruation of women. The discussion then shifts to tertiary sexual character determinants, such as motion, unconscious state, emotion, and artistic and intellectual impulse. The final chapters tackle the issue of variational tendency in men and women. These chapters also provide a summary of what is known about sexual character distinction. Psychologists, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, and development biologists will find this book rewarding.

  • EEG and Evoked Potentials in Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurology

    • 1st Edition
    • John R. Hughes + 1 more
    • English
    EEG and Evoked Potentials in Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurology discusses the two techniques of examining brain function: electroencephalograp... (EEG) and evoked potentials. The book also addresses conditions that fall under the umbrella term ""behavioral sciences"" and are associated with psychiatry and neurology. The book begins by discussing current definitions of organic brain syndrome in order to delineate more clearly the processes whose EEG correlates are to be described. It then outlines the various EEG correlates of impaired central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction for a variety of specific organic etiologies. Separate chapters cover EEG studies of schizophrenia, affective disorders, alcoholism, mental retardation, childhood psychiatric disorders, and changes in CNS function caused by psychtropic drugs. The various aspects of EEG pertinent to electroconvulsive therapy are also discussed, including the role of a baseline EEG, beneficial and adverse changes, neurophysiologic mechanisms, and the nature of the seizures themselves. This book is intended for the neurologist dealing actively with psychiatric or mental disorders; the electroencephalograp... who is generally concerned with behavioral neurology or especially interested in various controversial EEG patterns; and the psychiatrist interested in organicity in general or EEG in particular.

  • Psychological Stress

    Psychoanalytic and Behavioral Studies of Surgical Patients
    • 1st Edition
    • Irving L. Janis
    • English
    Psychological Stress: Psychoanalytic and Behavioral Studies of Surgical Patients attempts to present as complete a picture as possible of the psychological aspects of surgery. The primary purpose is to highlight the theoretical implications by conveying what has been learned concerning the dynamics of human adjustment to stressful life events. It also draws attention to some of the main practical implications with respect to three important types of problems : (a) the formulation of policies of medical management which take account of the psychological needs of sick people; (b) the improvement of diagnostic procedures relevant for predicting high or low stress tolerance; and (c) the development of effective methods of psychological preparation which could be widely applied as part of a mental health program designed to reduce the disruptive emotional impact of many different types of potential disasters. The book is organized into two parts. Part I formulates a large number of propositions concerning the dynamics of stress behavior. These propositions generally deal with the causes and consequences of various types of emotional reactions and adjustment mechanisms that are frequently activated when people are exposed to severe environmental threats, dangers, or deprivations. Part II focuses on two reaction variables which appear to be of fundamental importance in adjustment to stress: (a) fear of body damage, as manifested by verbalized attitudes of apprehensiveness, overt signs of emotional tension, and overt attempts to execute protective actions; and (b) externalized anger, as manifested by verbalized attitudes of resentment toward persons in the immediate environment outbursts of rage, and overt acts of opposition or resistanceto the demands of danger-control personnel.

  • Living Cities

    A Case for Urbanism and Guidelines for Re-urbanization
    • 1st Edition
    • Jan Tanghe
    • English
    This book aims to demonstrate the new awareness concerning the urban environment in Europe. The authors believe that the unlimited outward expansion of our cities must be halted and that we should strive for "inner growth" within urban centres, and for a more human approach to city development. Contact between city dwellers should be encouraged to reduce the isolation of those living in sprawling communities and to remedy the evils resulting from the dispersion of urban functions. To achieve this the book puts forward a number of planning and design criteria which would solve more satisfactorily the problems of housing and living conditions in cities.

  • Sport in the Soviet Union

    • 2nd Edition
    • Victor + 1 more
    • English
    Sport in the Soviet Union, Second Revised Edition focuses on the development of sports in the Soviet Union, particularly noting the sport programs and contributions of sports organizations in the development of sports in the country. The manuscript first offers information on the historical background of sports in the Soviet Union, including contemporary organizations of Soviet sports and sports for children. The text then discusses various sports played in the country. These include soccer, rugby, basketball, volleyball, handball, tennis, table tennis, and badminton. The text also underscores the involvement of Soviets in other sports, such as badminton, skating, gymnastics, track and field, hockey, judo, and fencing. The Soviets excelled in more strenuous sports, such as weightlifting, boxing, wrestling, mountaineering, and cycling. The book also notes that Soviets are also interested in water sports, such as water polo, yachting, rowing, canoeing, swimming, and diving. The book also offers information on the medal tally of the Soviet Union in different Olympic Games. The manuscript is a vital reference for readers and sports enthusiasts wanting to explore the development of sports in the Soviet Union.

  • Melatonin: Current Status and Perspectives

    Proceedings of an International Symposium on Melatonin, Held in Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany, September 28-30, 1980
    • 1st Edition
    • N. Birau + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in the Biosciences, Volume 29: Melatonin – Current Status and Perspectives is a compilation of papers by different authors presented in the Proceedings of an International Symposium on Melatonin, held in Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany on September 28-30, 1980. This volume is divided into six parts, wherein the first part covers the testing methods of melatonin; the use of the status of assay methods of melatonin; and related studies. Part 2 tracks the developments in melatonin histophysiology, with attempts to clarify cytological aspects of the indoleamine secretory process in the pineal gland; melatonin production by extra-pineal tissues; and other relationships with the pineal gland. Part 3 focuses on advances in melatonin physiology from hypothetical evolutionary function; the biochemistry and pharmacology of melatonin; to melatonin and pigment cell rhythmicity. Part 4 shows the progress made in molecular endocrinology, while Part 5 presents the results of human melatonin research and covers melatonin serum in humans. The last part is comprised of additional papers that are not classified in the former categories: studies of the effects of light on human plasma melatonin; the role of the environmental factors; and the histology melatonin localized in the salivary glands of the rat palate. This compilation of papers is intended for biochemists, neuroscientists, and researchers in the fields of endocrinology, human genetics, and pharmaceutical chemistry.

  • Cycles, Value & Employment

    Responses To The Economic Crisis
    • 1st Edition
    • Orio Giarini
    • English
    An unconventional evaluation of the causes which, in the last ten years, have dramatically pushed down the rates of economic growth. The distinguished author, a member of the Club of Rome, argues that it is not simply a question of a new long term economic cycle of the types described by Schumpeter and Kondratieff, but is rather the effect of a fundamental change in the traditional, industrial modes of production. A clear evaluation of such change leads to the necessity of reformulating the notion of economic value, in order to find new strategies for developing a nation's wealth.

  • Energy Analysis and Policy

    Selected Works
    • 1st Edition
    • Mohan Munasinghe
    • English
    Energy Analysis and Policy: Selected Works discusses the major aspect of electricity economics, including pricing, demand forecasting, investment analysis, and system reliability. This book provides a clear and comprehensive overview of the diversity of problems in analyzing energy markets and designing sound energy policies. Organized into 14 chapters, this book first discusses the energy economics in developing countries; integrated national energy planning (INEP) in developing countries; energy pricing; practical application of INEP using microcomputers; and energy strategies for oil-importing developing countries. Subsequent chapters describe the energy demand management and conservation; national energy policy implementation; energy demand analysis and forecasting; and energy project evaluation and planning. Other chapters explore non-conventional energy project analysis and national energy policy; rural energy issues and supply options; and bioenergy management policy. Rural-industrial energy and fossil fuel issues, as well as energy R&D decision-making in developing countries, are also presented. As the issues in this book are very important, this book will be helpful to a wide and appreciative audience.

  • Dimensions of Automobile Demand

    A Longitudinal Study of Household Automobile Ownership and Use
    • 1st Edition
    • David A. Hensher
    • L. Anselin
    • English
    This unique book is the first attempt to fully integrate automobile ownership (by fleet size and vehicle type) and vehicle use in an intertemporal setting which recognises the durable nature of automobiles using extensive longitudinal panel data on each household (over 5 years). The book presents: the theoretical and econometric development of a joint discrete-continuous choice longitudinal model system of household and automobile ownership and use, bringing together 9 years of research;the application of the model system for the period 1981-1985 in Australia;the forecasting of the model system up to 2020; particular emphasis on the development and application of a longitudinal data base which is unique to the topic - to capture the dynamic (intertemporal) impacts of technological change, life-style change, fuel prices etc.The book not only extends the reader's knowledge of the dimensions of automobile demand but it also adds important new ideas on handling dynamics of choice, as well as new empirical evidence on elasticities of demand for vehicles and vehicle kilometres. Energy and transport planning specialists will find the book essential reading.

  • Predictive Simplicity

    Induction Exhum'd
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • George J. Klir
    • English
    The book attempts to develop an account of simplicity in terms of testability, and to use this account to provide an adequate characterization of induction, one immune to the class of problems suggested by Nelson Goodman. It is then shown that the past success of induction, thus characterized, constitutes evidence for its future success. A qualitative measure of confirmation is developed, and this measure - along with the considerations of simplicity - is used to provide an account of the consilience of inductions, and also an inductivist account of the structure and progress of scientific theory. An appendix extends the treatment of simplicity to statistical distributions and provides a reasonable interpretation of the maximum entropy principle. Thus, this book is an attempt to characterize induction in terms of a well-defined notion of simplicity and to use that characterization as a basis of an account of empirical, and in particular, scientific reasoning.

  • Settlement Systems in Sparsely Populated Regions

    The United States and Australia
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard E. Lonsdale + 1 more
    • English
    Settlement Systems in Sparsely Populated Regions: The United States and Australia provides an understanding of the special difficulties encountered by those living in sparselands and the issues facing government policy makers. This book discusses the regional aspects of human settlement as well as the regional differences in human welfare. Organized into 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the special set of characteristics and problems of sparsely populated regions. This text then describes the rapid changes affecting lightly populated areas. Other chapters consider the collective accessibility of any location in connection to the total national population as represented by maps of population potential. This book describes as well the more self-sufficient nucleated rural settlement of the far outback. The final chapter deals with the six general observations concerning sparsely populated lands thought to have applicability beyond just the United States and Australia. This book is a valuable resource for government policy makers.

  • Handbook of the Psychology of Aging

    • 3rd Edition
    • James E. Birren
    • English
    Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Third Edition describes the psychology of adult development and aging. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 28 chapters that cover the basic behavioral changes and capacities occurring with advancing age. The first part deals with the history, concept, and models of the psychology of aging. This part also examines the distinctions between physical, biological, psychological, and social time or age. The second part explores the influences of racial, ethnic, and cultural factors on biological/health, social, and psychological aging processes. This part also surveys gender differences in aging. The third part describes numerous behavioral processes, changes, and patterns in advancing age. This part specifically considers the motivation, cognitive and motor performance, attentional processes, learning, memory, personality, and wisdom in aging. The fourth part focuses on the applications of the concepts and principles of aging to the individual and society. This book will be of great value to psychologists, researchers, and graduate students.

  • Advances in the Study of Aggression

    Volume 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert J. Blanchard + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in the Study of Aggression, Volume 1 aims to span some of the variety of aggression research, pinpointing areas in which phenomena or concepts that have arisen or been tested extensively with animal models are now being applied to human aggression. Chapter 1 presents an article on the relevance of animal aggression research to human aggression and discusses a brief sociobiological view of aggression and its immediate determinants over a number of mammalian species. A description of some features of human aggression and endeavor and its link to the animal model is also considered in this chapter. Chapter 2 is an article on the biological explanations of human aggression and the resulting therapies offered by such approaches, and Chapter 3 is an article on the development of stable aggressive reaction patterns in males. The next chapter is about the control of aggressive behavior by changes in attitudes, values, and the conditions of learning. Chapter 5 describes the coercive interactions of siblings and parents as well as those for siblings and identified problem children. Differences in sibling reactions between normal and distressed families together with the relationship of these differences to increased rates of coercive behaviors in distressed families are encompassed in this chapter. The text concludes by discussing advances in aggression research. Psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, anthropologists will find the book invaluable.

  • Arab-Israeli Military/Political Relations

    Arab Perceptions and the Politics of Escalation
    • 1st Edition
    • John W. Amos
    • English
    Arab-Israeli Military/Political Relations: Arab Perceptions and the Politics of Escalation examines the escalatory patterns of Israel's relations with Arab countries, paying particular attention to the preconditions, conditions, and ultimate precipitants of wars that have broken out with some repetitiveness in the Middle East. The impact of the October 1973 War (known as the Yom Kippur War in the West and the Ramadan War in Arab countries) on the United States interests in the Middle East is also assessed. This book is comprised of seven chapters and opens with an overview of the October War; those Arab states actually involved in the war, especially Egypt and Syria; and those Arab states having geographical access to either the Mediterranean or Indian Oceans, including the oil-producing states. The wider political and military implications of the war are discussed, with specific reference to super power interests. The following chapters discuss the perceptual context of Arab politics; the wars of 1967 and 1973 and the impact of Arab conflict imagery on an inherently escalatory situation; the consequences and lessons of the June 1967 war, or Six-Day War; and Arab coalition politics between 1970 and 1973. The final two chapters focus on the combined Egyptian-Syrian battle plan, code-named Operation Badr, and the historical and political implications of the 1973 war. This monograph will be of interest to diplomats, policymakers, and government officials concerned with the politics of war and in international relations more generally.

  • Innovation and Social Process

    A National Experiment in Implementing Social Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • Louis G. Tornatzky + 2 more
    • English
    Innovation and Social Process: A National Experiment in Implementing Social Technology discusses concerns, design, and methodologies of an experiment that deals with society's perception of innovation. Comprised of 11 chapters, the book first provides an overview of innovation, change, and problems of implementation; social process; and social innovation. The third chapter covers the methods of designing an experiment in organizational innovation, while the fourth chapter tackles participative decision making and innovation, and the fifth chapter tackles organization development and the implementation of an innovation. Chapter 6 deals with indigenous introduction and innovation; Chapter 7 on the other hand discusses promoting innovation communication through print. Chapter 8 talks about a case study of bureaucratic entrepreneurship, while Chapter 9 tackles site visits and innovation processes. The tenth chapter discusses perils of change agent training, and the last chapter provides an overview of the previous chapters. The book will be of great interest to researchers in the fields of psychology and sociology, since it provides a behavioral overview of society's reaction to innovation.

  • Applying the Assessment Center Method

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph L. Moses + 1 more
    • English
    Applying the Assessment Center Method presents the findings, knowledge, strategies, and applications concerning the assessment center method. This book describes the mechanics and operations of individual assessment centers. Organized into three parts encompassing 15 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the assessment center method as a means of formally identifying potential. This text then examines the various components which make an assessment center what it is, including a series of characteristics to be measured, a means of measurement, and trained staff to administer and interpret the behaviors. Other chapters consider the empirical base of validation. This book discusses as well administrative cost of assessment centers. The final chapter deals with the trends in assessment at the predictor and criterion end of the selection equation. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists and managers. Researchers involved in implementing assessment operations in their respective organization will also find this book extremely useful.

  • Politics and Religion

    • 1st Edition
    • Sami Nair
    • English
    In Paris in the autumn of 1989 three Muslim girls, observing their own religious custom, went to school wearing Muslim headscarves. The ensuing political storm, which continued unabated into 1990, has brought sharply into focus one of the fundamental questions related to Western democracy: the nature of the relationship between religion and the state. The 'scarves affair' was primarily a dispute between practitioners of Islam and the secular state. However, the controversy in France and similar recent controversies elsewhere have forced a general and radical reappraisal of the wide and complex issue of religion and its relation to politics. This issue of Contemporary European Affairs is a contribution to that debate.

  • Sexual Attraction

    • 1st Edition
    • Mark Cook + 1 more
    • English
    Sexual Attraction explores different sides of mutual attraction between the sexes, especially why individuals are attracted to some people and not others who may themselves be generally well liked. This book also considers how sexual attraction is communicated to both people in a social encounter and argues that there is a strong but often disregarded prejudice against those who are physically unattractive. This monograph is comprised of eight chapters and opens with a discussion on sexual arousal in humans and its parallels with animal (particularly primate) behavior. The next chapter examines the process whereby we come to see others as beautiful and (sometimes) sexually desirable and how even very young children come to value looks. Examples of the privileges that the physically attractive are likely to enjoy in the classroom and the courtroom are given. The following chapters analyze the idea that we may not always make very accurate judgments about each other in relation to sexual behavior; popular misconceptions about personality and sexual behavior; how people behave towards each other during longer interaction sequences such as courtship and seduction; and the role of personality and behavior in attraction. The final chapter considers how physical attractiveness might be separated in people's minds from sexual attractiveness and social success. This text will be of interest to sociologists and psychologists.

  • The Adaptive Brain II

    Vision, Speech, Language, and Motor Control
    • 1st Edition
    • Stephen Grossberg
    • English
    The Adaptive Brain, II: Vision, Speech, Language, and Motor Control focuses on a unified theoretical analysis and predictions of important psychological and neurological data that illustrate the development of a true theory of mind and brain. The publication first elaborates on the quantized geometry of visual space and neural dynamics of form perception. Discussions focus on reflectance rivalry and spatial frequency detection, figure-ground separation by filling-in barriers, and disinhibitory propagation of functional scaling from boundaries to interiors. The text then takes a look at neural dynamics of perceptual grouping and brightness perception. Topics include simulation of a parametric binocular brightness study, smoothly varying luminance contours versus steps of luminance change, macrocircuit of processing stages, paradoxical percepts as probes of adaptive processes, and analysis of the Beck theory of textural segmentation. The book examines the neural dynamics of speech and language coding and word recognition and recall, including automatic activation and limited-capacity attention, a macrocircuit for the self-organization of recognition and recall, role of intra-list restructuring arid contextual associations, and temporal order information across item representations. The manuscript is a vital source of data for scientists and researchers interested in the development of a true theory of mind and brain.

  • Analytical Psychology

    A Modern Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael Fordham + 2 more
    • English
    Analytical Psychology: A Modern Science discusses the fundamental concepts of analytical psychology and presents clinical studies. The book is comprised of 14 chapters that are organized into two parts. The first part covers the basic concepts and theoretical basis of analytical psychology. Concepts such as symbols, archetypes, and ego are covered in the first part. The text also covers the importance of analyzing childhood. Next, the book presents some clinical studies. Cases such as the incapacity to imagine and sense of time are discussed. The text will be of great interest to students, researchers, and practitioners of psychology, particularly those who wish to specialize in analytical psychology.

  • Official Publishing

    An Overview
    • 1st Edition
    • J. J. Cherns
    • John E. Pemberton
    • English
    Official Publishing: An Overview is an international survey and review of the role, organization, and principles of official publishing. More specifically, it examines the organization, development, and effectiveness, including the economics, of state publishing as a means of communication between government and public, together with its relationship to the wider field of official information and communication activities. It also makes a broad comparison of the organization of publishing in the United Nations and its main agencies as well as some non-UN international organizations, particularly the European Communities and the OECD. Comprised of 32 chapters, this book opens with an introduction to the scope and importance of official publishing, followed by a discussion on official publishing in various countries such as Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, and India as well as Hong Kong, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Norway, Britain, and the United States. Official publishing in international organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, OECD, NATO, and the European Communities is also considered. Subsequent chapters focus on various aspects of official information, including growth, framework, machinery, objectivity, accessibility, finance and economics, and control. The book also describes information centers and specialist entrepreneurs before concluding with an assessment of future prospects for official publishing. This monograph will be a useful resource for librarians, bibliographers, researchers, students, and other major users of the end-products of official publishing.

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