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Elsevier

Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • Comparative Public Policy and Citizen Participation

    Energy, Education, Health and Urban Issues in the U.S. and Germany
    • 1st Edition
    • Charles R. Foster
    • English
    Comparative Public Policy and Citizen Participation: Energy, Education, Health, and Urban Issues in the U.S. and Germany focuses on the processes involved in policy formulation and the functions of citizens in such activity. Concerns include education, energy and environmental policies, decision making, and delivery of human services. The selection first analyzes the policy-making procedures in the United States, including participation of the poor in poverty programs, welfare reform, energy legislation, and federal aid to elementary and secondary education. The book then discusses the participation of citizens in decision-making processes in energy and environmental policy. The necessity of citizens’ participation, failure of political parties, local decision making, and approval procedures for the federal emissions protection act are elaborated. The publication underscores citizens' participation at government expense, including federal experience with intervenor funding, congressional activities, and signs of change in the public sector. The text also takes a look at education as loosely coupled systems in West Germany and the United States; experiences with participation in the continuing education of teachers in West Germany, and participation of citizens in the delivery of human services. The book is a dependable reference for readers interested in the processes involved in policy formulation and the role of citizens in such undertaking.

  • The Human Subject in the Psychological Laboratory

    • 1st Edition
    • I. Silverman
    • Arnold P. Goldstein
    • English
    Written for anyone who does or plans to do behavioral research, this book is based on the thesis that the psychological laboratory is a special place for people brought there as subjects. Accordingly, subjects act in ways that bear little relationship to their behaviours in the life situations to which psychologists seek to generalize their findings. An analysis is given of the motives, feelings and intentions common to people who assume the role of psychological subjects. The ways in which their responses confound data and lead to spurious conclusions are described

  • Perspectives on Aggression

    • 1st Edition
    • Russell G. Geen + 1 more
    • English
    Perspectives on Aggression is a compendium of papers that discusses experimental research on human and group aggression. This compendium deals with the psychology of aggression including interracial aggression, environmental factors that contribute to aggression, and the role of mass media in "perpetuating" violence. A couple of papers review aggression in terms of variable aggression research and of the Darwinian Theory. One author notes that results of psychological studies of animals can suggest further hypotheses for human research. Another paper examines moral judgment in aggressive behavior such as shown in society's different attitudes toward an aggressive act. Another paper studies the effects of personality variables on aggressive behaviors, which indicate that some aggressive responses can be dependent on the control exerted toward such personality variables. Another paper reviews the works of Buss and Berkowitz, particularly the nature of arousal in aggression both from a physiological and a cognitive point of view. This book can be appreciated by psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, and officials related to issues of peace and security.

  • Curiosity and Exploration

    Theories and Results
    • 1st Edition
    • Hans-Georg Voss + 1 more
    • English
    Curiosity and Exploration: Theories and Results provides a systematic review of research on curiosity and exploration and is intended to present theories, methods, and research findings and to compare these with other fields of psychology. The text discusses topics on various aspects of curiosity and exploration such as the historical development of curiosity research; theoretical approaches to fully explain the phenomena of curiosity and exploration; developmental perspective in the study of curiosity and exploration; and the author's summary and evaluation at the end of the book. Psychologists will find the book to be very interesting.

  • Perspectives on Behavioral Medicine

    Neuroendocrine Control and Behavior
    • 1st Edition
    • Redford B. Williams
    • English
    Perspectives on Behavioral Medicine, Volume 2: Neuroendocrine Control and Behavior provides a selective overview of important recent developments in the neurosciences related to neuroendocrine control mechanisms which have important implications for major areas of interest in behavioral medicine. The book begins with a general introductory chapter that presents a synthesis of related developments in the biomedicai and behavioral sciences which have played an important role in the emergence of the field of behavioral medicine, with particular emphasis on developments in behavioral biology concerned with neuroendocrine control. The remaining chapters are organized into two parts. Part I provides an introduction to recent developments concerning neuroendocrine control, as well as a consideration of general implications of such developments for the stress field. Part II shows how the integrative efforts of the first section might be applied toward improving our understanding of the role of behavioral and psychosocial factors in several specific illnesses.

  • Neuropsychology

    A Textbook of Systems and Psychological Functions of the Human Brain
    • 1st Edition
    • Stuart J. Dimond
    • English
    Neuropsychology: A Textbook of Systems and Psychological Functions of the Human Brain provides a comprehensive account of the physiography of the brain and its working systems. This textbook explores how the human brain produces behavior and mental function out of identifiable systems or subcomponents. Comprised of 18 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the systems of the brain as well as the architecture of the brain and nervous system. The discussion then turns to the micropsychology of the brain; the fabric of the nervous system; and how the brain becomes modified by experience. The following chapters focus on the motor and auditory functions of the brain; the physiological mechanisms of sexual behavior; how emotion is generated out of the activity of specific mechanisms of the brain; and how the brain conducts vision. The regions of the brain involved in space perception, sleep, memory, learning, and language are also considered. The final chapter is devoted to discrete centers of the brain responsible for mental functions. This monograph will be a useful source of knowledge for neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, physiologists, neurosurgeons, and others interested in the human brain and its behavior.

  • The Encyclopædia of Sexual Behaviour

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Albert Ellis + 1 more
    • English
    The Encyclopædia of Sexual Behaviour, Volume Two is an encyclopedia of sexual behavior and covers topics ranging from the linguistic aspects of sex to sex life in Latin America, sex in the literature, and sexual love. Laws on marriage and family and on sex crimes are also discussed, along with sexual perversions and the art of loving. Comprised of 52 chapters, this volume first deals with Judaism's attitudes and teachings on sex, particularly with regard to the sexuality of women, nudity, and prostitution. The reader is then introduced to the connection between language and sex; sex life in regions such as Latin American, the Orient, and the Soviet Union; and the portrayal of sex in literature. Subsequent chapters explore sexual love as opposed to altruistic love; marriage and family living; menopause and the menstrual cycle; movement and feeling in sex; the interrelationship of music and sex; and the effects of nutrition and health on sexuality. Other chapters focus on phallicism and sexual symbolism; planned parenthood around the world; the psychology of pornography; human reproduction; and sex in relation to race and Protestantism. This book will be of interest to psychologists and psychiatrists.

  • Getting Ahead Collectively

    Grassroots Experiences in Latin America
    • 1st Edition
    • Albert O. Hirschman
    • English
    Getting Ahead Collectively: Grassroots Experiences in Latin America is a seven-chapter book that first discusses certain types of developmental sequences in Latin America. The emergence of cooperative action and the intangible benefits and costs of cooperatives are then explained. The book also explores the ""intermediate"" organizations that have grown all over Latin America to help low-income people better their condition. The last chapter details the social and political effects of a dense network of grassroots development efforts.

  • Early Childhood Education

    An International Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Gilbert R. Austin
    • Allen J. Edwards
    • English
    Early Childhood Education: An International Perspective presents the summarized outcomes of a five-year cross-cultural survey of early childhood education in the Western world. It provides understanding of some of the topics of debate surrounding preschool education. The text approaches the argument by centering on the history of philosophical thought in early childhood education and offers information on the political and social-cultural changes that have inspired interest in facilitating children’s early learning experience. The book discusses the historical background of early childhood education in the United States. It focuses on the ideas and evidence showing the significance of cooperation in international research. Another topic of interest is the early childhood education in England, Wales, Canada, and Sweden. The section that follows is a review of the aims and objectives of early childhood education. The text will provide valuable insights for teachers, educators, students, and researchers in the field of social sciences.

  • Mortality Patterns in National Populations

    With Special Reference to Recorded Causes of Death
    • 1st Edition
    • Samuel H. Preston
    • H. H. Winsborough
    • English
    Mortality Patterns in National Populations: With Special Reference to Recorded Causes of Death aims to interpret the account left by millions of death certificates that have been recorded in 43 nations. The book discusses a ""model"" of the cause structure of mortality at various levels of mortality from all causes combined; the effect of various causes on the chances of death and longevity; and the contribution of economic factors to declines in mortality during the 20th century. The text also describes the causes of death and age patterns of mortality; the causes of death responsible for variation in sex mortality differentials; and the demographic and social consequences of various causes of death in the United States. Demographers and ecologists will find the book invaluable.

  • Handbook of Social Skills Training

    Clinical Applications and New Directions
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • P. Trower + 1 more
    • English
    In this volume the application of the social skills training (SST) model to specific clinical conditions is discussed. Its uses with schizophrenia, social anxiety, depression, mental handicap, and substance abuse are reviewed in depth and practical recommendations for the future are given. Advances in social psychology and linguistics have implications for the future development of SST and their contributions to the field are presented in the final section.

  • Disturbed Behavior in the Elderly

    • 1st Edition
    • A.G. Awad + 2 more
    • English
    Disturbed Behavior in the Elderly provides information pertinent to the needs of those giving care as well as of the elderly themselves. This book presents relevant topics of contemporary psychiatric importance. Organized into four parts encompassing 11 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the clinical, administrative, and interpersonal problems posed by the elderly patient with disturbed behavior. This text then examines the rational management of disturbing behavior among the elderly in health care and other residential settings. Other chapters consider the use of medications and psychotropic drugs in old age. This book discusses as well the great value of drug therapy in alleviating the sufferings of the elderly and helping them restore the equilibrium that has been disturbed by aging, physical disability, and shrinking socio-economic network around them. The final chapter deals with staff burnout, job stress, and low morale in dealing with the elderly. This book is a valuable resource for geriatric psychiatrists and caregivers.

  • Bureaucratic Opposition

    Challenging Abuses at the Workplace
    • 1st Edition
    • Deena Weinstein
    • English
    Bureaucratic Opposition: Challenging Abuses at the Workplace focuses on bureaucratic oppositions that reveal the “informal” dimensions of behavior within bureaucracies. This book is an attempt to show that contemporary bureaucratic organizations are not only administrative entities but are also political structures in the sense that power, conflict, and domination are normal within them. This text is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 outlines the myth of neutral administration and proposes the alternative political interpretation of organizations. The grounds or “good reasons” for oppositions and their normative justifications are systematically detailed in Chapter 2. The third and fourth chapters discuss the “empirical” dimension, detailing the barriers that oppositions confront in getting underway and the strategies that they employ once they have been initiated. The last chapter analyzes some of the responses to oppositions by the official hierarchy and some of the policies that have been proposed to eliminate the abuses uncovered by dissidents. This publication is a good reference for students and specialists interested in bureaucratic oppositions.

  • Sociology Since Midcentury

    Essays in Theory Cumulation
    • 1st Edition
    • Randall Collins
    • English
    Sociology Since Midcentury: Essays in Theory Cumulation is a collection of essays dealing with major intellectual developments in sociology since the mid-twentieth century. Topics covered include a macrohistorical theory of geopolitics, intended somewhat as an alternative to the Wallerstein economic theory of world-systems; a microtheory that provides a basis for linking up to and reconstructing macrosociological theories; structuralism, ritual violence, and solidarity; and the symbolic economy of culture. Comprised of 20 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to the major historical and comparative sociologies, the traditions of Karl Marx and Max Weber with their subsequent transformations. The next section is devoted to structuralism and conflict that includes a discussion on a theory of violence and Claude Lévi-Strauss's structural history. Subsequent chapters explore the sociology of education and consider class, codes, and control; cultural capitalism and symbolic violence; schooling in capitalist America; breakthroughs in microsociology; and the microfoundations of macrosociology. Erving Goffman's scholarly methods and the theoretical traditions to which he contributes are also examined. This monograph will be of interest to sociologists.

  • The Social Development of the Intellect

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • W. Doise + 4 more
    • Michael Argyle
    • English
    The definition of intelligence has become the object of many controversies - particularly about its nature and the causes of its development - with essential social implications at stake. To get out of this deadlock, the authors of this book propose a social conception of intelligence and of its development: they consider intelligence as resulting from the inter-individual coordinations of actions and judgements. They experimentally study how groups of children elaborate new cognitive tools which their members, taken individually, did not possess at the start, and how these cognitive tools are subsequently used by the child alone.

  • Soviet Economic Thought and Political Power in the USSR

    Pergamon Policy Studies on The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
    • 1st Edition
    • Aron Katsenelinboigen
    • English
    Soviet Economic Thought and Political Power in the USSR examines the evolution of economic theory in the Soviet Union from uniformity under Josef Stalin to diversity in the post-Stalin period. The reasons for uniformity and diversity in Soviet economics are analyzed, along with the structure of this diversity, the paradoxes in its development, and the conditions under which it will continue. The connection between leaders of Soviet economics and the Communist Party rulers is also discussed. Emphasis is placed on one of the principal trends in Soviet economics in the post-Stalin period: mathematical economics. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins with a discussion on the development of the economic-mathematica... trend in the USSR. The social environment in the Soviet Union is examined in macro terms, along with the role of various mutations among the economists and the institutionalization of such mutations, especially in the framework of the existing research institutes and universities. The book also considers the attitudes of various factions of economists such as reactionaries, conservatives, and modernizers toward the question of the limitation of the leaders' power and toward some areas of economics, such as problems of mathematical modeling and institutional economics, and toward the Marxist ideology. The final chapter highlights the confusing struggle among the various trends in Soviet economics and the ways in which this struggle is supported by the country's political leaders. This monograph will be of interest to economists, political scientists, politicians, and economic policymakers.

  • Play Fighting

    • 1st Edition
    • Owen Aldis
    • English
    Play Fighting considers the possible benefits of play for humans and animals. This book is divided into two main topics—animal play and human play. In these topics, this text specifically discusses the definition, evolution, and function of play; criteria of chasing and play fighting; function of laughter in human play; and spurious correlation between exploratory and playful species. The surplus energy and catharsis theories of play; vestibular stimulation acting as a reinforcer; function of mother-infant play; and properties of play-fear and serious-fear stimuli are also elaborated. This compilation likewise covers the puzzling blind spots of child psychology; play and child rearing; and play fear of “monsters”. This publication is a good source for students and individuals interested in the survival value of play for animals and healthy development of children.

  • The Psychology of Nonviolence

    Pergamon General Psychology Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Leroy H. Pelton
    • Arnold P. Goldstein + 1 more
    • English
    The Psychology of Nonviolence explores in a psychological perspective the meaning of nonviolence, particularly its philosophy, strategy, and implications. This book reports scientific evidence often based on experiments performed in accordance with the rules of experiments as the subject matter permits. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an explanation of the concepts of violence and nonviolence. Subsequent chapters explain the cognitive dynamics, as well as the power of nonviolence and information. The nonviolent protest, moral and practical bases of noncooperation, forms of noncooperation, and reconciliation are discussed. This text also shows the means and ends in nonviolence, including confronting some criticisms, preventive nonviolence and noncooperation in foreign policy, and peace. This book represents an instance of the explicit injection of values into social science.

  • Language of the Earth

    • 1st Edition
    • Frank H. T. Rhodes + 1 more
    • English
    Language of the Earth is a collection of essays that provides a particular category of and describes the current content in each area of earth science. The book reviews various aspects of geological knowledge, including the characters, motives, and attitudes of certain individuals who have made contributions in this field. Case studies of eyewitness accounts of geological phenomena include the Turtle Mountain slide, the Lisbon earthquake, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the eruption of the Oraefajokull in 1727. The text also discusses some geological controversies such as the footprints in red sandstone, as well as geological philosophies concerning estimates of time since the Earth has existed. The book cites 3000-year old Chinese records chronicling earthquake activity; it also discusses earthquakes and the hypothesis of continental drift. The text then explains the many ways in which geology can relate to the person—in his approach to his work, the personal touch. Geology is shown in terms of its relation to prose, poetry, and sometimes, humor, as in the discovery of the "petrified woman." This book can offer a light and entertaining respite for geologists, historians, students or professors of the earth sciences, and for general readers interested in personal accounts of some geological discoveries.

  • Soccer Hooliganism

    A Preliminary Report
    • 1st Edition
    • Denis Howell + 1 more
    • English
    Soccer Hooliganism: A Preliminary Report focuses on the study of the intrusion of hooliganism into sports, especially football. This book begins with a description of the methods of inquiry that surveys and evaluates existing opinions regarding the problem of football hooliganism, followed by a discussion of its extent and seriousness. The nature of football hooliganism, which includes rowdysim, horseplay and threatening behavior, foul support, soccermania, football riots, and vandalism are also reviewed in detail. Injuries resulting from hooliganism are also elaborated. Other topics include the characteristics of convicted hooligans, causes and epidemiology of hooliganism, and ethological study of football crowds. This text concludes with a deliberation of the control and prevention of hooliganism, including a summary of the main findings and recommendations of the problem. This publication is suitable for specialists and medical practitioners concerned with the psychiatric studies of convicted hooligans or misbehavior among spectators.

  • Spatial Choices and Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • M.M. Fischer + 2 more
    • English
    Spatial decisions and processes are fundamental to the understanding of spatial structure. In the earlier stages of spatial analysis proposed explanations were typically on the aggregate, phenomenological level. Now a new field has evolved and matured which calls for a deeper understanding of spatial structure with a particular emphasis on spatial decisions and processes. The present volume serves as a guide and as an anthology by discussing a wide variety of new modelling approaches, techniques and issues related to spatial decision and processes and drawing these seemingly disparate, but interlocking parts together.

  • Urban Geography

    An Introductory Analysis
    • 2nd Edition
    • James H. Johnson
    • W. B. Fisher
    • English
    Urban Geography: An Introductory Analysis, Second Edition provides a concise and pertinent description of geography in the urban area. Analysis of such factors as town planning, climate, and soil chemistry is given. A section of the book enumerates the elements of urban growth. The historical backgrounds of the first cities are discussed. Some of these cities are found in ancient Greece, Italy, and Egypt. Descriptions of urban populations based on occupation are also covered in the book. The book also focuses on such topics as the locations, spacing, and size of urban settlements. A section of the book discusses the characteristics of capital cities like the city of London. Residential and manufacturing areas are explained and identified in the book. A comprehensive review of theories of urban structure is also given. A good list of reference materials regarding geographical writing is included at the end of the book. The text can provide valuable insight for students and researchers of geography and the general public.

  • Existential Man

    The Challenge of Psychotherapy
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard E. Johnson
    • Arnold P. Goldstein + 1 more
    • English
    Existential Man: The Challenge of Psychotherapy presents a therapist's impression of existential man. The book focuses on the personal experiences and conceptual organization of a practicing psychotherapist as a student, client, and therapist. This book is divided into three main topics— foundations, encounters, and directions. In these topics, this text specifically discusses the critical commitment and existential self. The congruent, modified, body, metaphor, and emergent encounters are also deliberated. This compilation likewise covers the end of professionalism, validation of experience, and metaphysics of psychotherapy. This publication is a good reference for students researching on psychotherapy, including those interested in the therapeutic interaction or treatment contracted between a trained professional and a client, patient, family, couple, or group.

  • Physiology of Man in Space

    • 1st Edition
    • J. H. U. Brown
    • English
    Physiology of Man in Space describes the physiological responses of man under the extremes of space flight. This book is composed of eight chapters that specifically examine the physiological responses of astronaut under zero gravity conditions. The introductory chapter demonstrates how human neuromuscular system can withstand the stresses of short-term space travel. The succeeding chapters describe human responses under space acceleration stress. These topics are followed by discussions on human stress tolerance capacity; psychological aspects of space flight; instrumentation in biomedical capsules in space flight; and the phenomenon of space weightlessness. The final chapter deals with the impact of the environment on the man and the impact that the man has on the environment, including environmental, metabolic, and waste removal parameters. This book is of value to space scientists and researchers.

  • Theories & Methods in Rural Community Studies

    • 1st Edition
    • H. Mendras + 1 more
    • English
    This volume is the result of an international comparative research project entitled "The Future of Rural Communities in Industrialized Societies". The presentation of national studies led to discussions on the methods of local studies, on their theoretical basis and on their scientific and practical use. It is these discussions which are featured in this book. The national studies themselves are now published by Pergamon Press in volumes I and II of Rural Community Studies in Europe, with a third volume to come.

  • The Economics of Urban Areas

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • B. Goodall
    • English
    Urban and Regional Planning Series, Volume 3: The Economics of Urban Areas focuses on the importance of economic considerations in the functioning of urban systems. The publication first elaborates on the economic dimension of urbanization, nature of economic analysis, urban policy and planning implications, and use of economic models. The text then examines the economic basis of urban areas, urban real property market, and urban land-use patterns. Discussions focus on differences in land-use patterns between urban areas, generalized pattern of urban land use, determination of real property prices, nature of urban land and property values, and the nature and function of the urban real property market. The book takes a look at urban location decisions, urban growth, and level of urban economic activity. Topics include urban growth versus fluctuations in urban economic activity, planning and redevelopment, economics of redevelopment, factor influencing expansion patterns and choice of residential location, and determination of urban land-use patterns. The manuscript also examines the size and spacing of urban areas and urban economic growth. The publication is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the economics of urban areas.

  • Prolonged Psychosocial Effects of Disaster

    A Study of Buffalo Creek
    • 1st Edition
    • Goldine C. Gleser + 2 more
    • David T. Lykken
    • English
    Prolonged Psychosocial Effects of Disaster: A Study of Buffalo Creek disseminates the findings of an investigation into the psychosocial effects of a specific disaster - the collapse of a slag dam that inundated the valley of Buffalo Creek in West Virginia on February 26, 1972. Based on interviews with more than 600 men, women, and children for whom psychic impairment was claimed, this volume examines the relationships between the individual disaster experiences of the survivors and their later psychological functioning. Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the psychosocial consequences of disasters and an account of the Buffalo Creek disaster itself, along with the subsequent lawsuit against the coal company. The next chapter explains how the psychopathology and stress of the survivors were scaled and gives some information regarding the reliability and validity of the data. Symptoms, sleep problems, family disruption, and traumatic dreams are considered. The findings on these data and the follow-up studies are discussed. The final chapter contains a summary of the findings and proposes specific suggestions as well as a model for future disaster studies. This book will be of most practical importance to mental health scientists and clinicians working with the victims of stress and disaster, and should also be of considerable interest to social and behavioral scientists and, more generally, to administrators of government activities.

  • Elementary Statistics

    A Workbook
    • 1st Edition
    • K. Hope
    • G. P. Meredith
    • English
    Elementary Statistics: A Workbook serves as a guide to elementary statistics. This book presents the various mathematical symbols used in the calculation of mean and variance. Comprised of seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the definition of several terms, including mean, variance, deviation score, sigma, and deviation score squared. This text then explores the method of calculation of the product-moment correlation coefficient r. Other chapters describe the analysis of variance, which provides us with one of the most effective ways of testing hypotheses. This book discusses as well the common assumption analysis of variance, which makes three assumptions that are not made by some other statistical methods. The final chapter deals with the importance of correlation coefficients and explains the analysis of the correlation matrix, which is only a shortcut to the analysis of the standardized score matrix. This book is a valuable resource for students, teachers, statisticians, and mathematicians.

  • Basic Mathematics for the Biological and Social Sciences

    • 1st Edition
    • F. H. C. Marriott
    • English
    Basic Mathematics for the Biological and Social Sciences deals with the applications of basic mathematics in the biological and social sciences. Mathematical concepts that are discussed in this book include graphical methods, differentiation, trigonometrical or circular functions, limits and convergence, integration, vectors, and differential equations. The exponential function and related functions are also considered. This monograph is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with an overview of basic algebra, followed by an introduction to infinitesimal calculus, scalar and vector quantities, complex numbers, and the simplest types of differential equation. The use of graphs in the presentation of data is also described, along with limits and convergence, rules for differentiation, the exponential function, and maxima and minima. Techniques of integration, vectors and their derivatives, and simultaneous differential equations are explored as well. Examples from biology, economics and related subjects, probability theory, and physics are provided. This text will be a useful resource for mathematicians as well as biologists and social scientists interested in applying mathematics to their work.

  • Reading in Race and Ethnic Relations

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Reading in Sociology
    • 1st Edition
    • Anthony H. Richmond
    • English
    Readings in Race and Ethnic Relations is a part of a series of Readings in Sociology. This book is composed of four parts with a total of 17 chapters. Part 1 explains the concepts of race, racism, and identity. Parts 2 and 3 elucidate the relationship of race with religion, urbanization, and ethnic stratification. Lastly, Part 4 explores how race is associated with politics and conflict. One of the distinctive features of this book is the inclusion of some articles translated into English from other languages. Linguists, communicators, and other people interested in this field of study will find this book invaluable.

  • Advanced Materials in Catalysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Frank Bolz
    • English
    Advanced Materials in Catalysis is a collection of materials that discusses various catalysts. The book presents the physical and chemical properties that indicate that a particular class of materials may be of catalytic interest. The text first covers bimetallic catalysts, and then proceeds to examining the catalytic properties of compounds such as graphite intercalation compounds; oxides with the scheelite structure; and synthetic layered silicates and aluminosilicate. The book also covers reduction catalysts, biological catalysts, and monolithic catalyst supports. The selection will be of great use to students and practitioners of chemistry, particularly those who are involved in research studies that investigate materials problems in catalysis.

  • Marital Interaction

    Experimental Investigations
    • 1st Edition
    • John Mordechai Gottman
    • English
    Marital Interaction: Experimental Investigations deals with experimental studies on marital interaction. Emphasis is on the importance of the role of description in the study of social interaction. Methods for the analysis of pattern and sequence, including cross-spectral time-series analysis, are also presented. Comprised of 15 chapters, this book begins with a historical review of several research traditions that have concerned themselves with families and marriages: the sociological tradition; the family therapy or systems tradition; the social learning tradition; and the developmental tradition. Research that points to the potential importance of the observation of consensual decision-making processes is also reviewed. A model of marital interaction called the Structural Model, which can be used to predict changes in marital satisfaction, is described. Subsequent chapters focus on the Couples Interaction Scoring System, an observational system for categorizing marital interaction; modern concepts of the assessment of reliability, particularly the stringent assessment that is necessary for sequential analysis; differences between well-functioning and poorly functioning marriages; couples' interactional styles in terms of communication skill deficits; and the concept of an individual's social competence. This monograph will be of interest to psychologists engaged in research on marriage, as well as sociologists and clinical researchers.

  • Transitions of Aging

    • 1st Edition
    • Nancy Datan + 1 more
    • English
    Transitions of Aging is a compilation of papers that deals with gerontology, particularly on the rural aged and aging women. This book discusses the aging transition both as social and biological phenomenon; that physical health can be better, as well as the social, spatial, and economic environment surrounding places of aging. This text also focuses on rural aging and the strong bond of an extended family, which can offer lessons to healthy aging. As regards aging in women, the book examines the problems they are confronted with and the programs that have been developed to deal with them. Part I addresses the personal transition of aging such as life satisfaction, physical activity, and competency in older women. Part II discusses family transitions of aging that include intergenerational relationships, widowhood, the clinical psychology of later life, and the economic status of late middle-aged widows. Part III describes the environmental transitions that the aging experiences such as aging and attachment to a certain place (for example, in an Appalachian community) and the older person's reaction as an initiator or a responder when he or she is confronted with environmental changes. This book also discusses studies made on institutionalization of the aged. This text is suitable for psychologists, gerontologists, sociologists, and social workers dealing with the aged, particularly the female senior.

  • Attention and Memory

    • 1st Edition
    • G. Underwood
    • English
    Written specifically for students of experimental psychology, this book focuses on attention and memory, and attempts to inegrate these two closely related phenomena. In addition to the concepts of short term and long term memory there has been added the system of immediate or sensory memory. In the description of the representation of knowledge by human memory the author has necessarily drawn conclusions about optimal presentation and retrieval procedures, which should be transferable to non-laboratory situations where information processing is presently inadequate. The present approach attempts to keep in perspective the functions of attention and memory that the proponents of model building techniques have tended to overlook in their investigations. A new and fresh contribution to a growing area of research and teaching interest

  • Nonconscious Social Information Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • Pawel Lewicki
    • English
    Nonconscious Social Information Processing presents a research program concerned with the processing of social information. It cannot be considered a typical social psychological research program, however, because it is not aimed at explaining any specific social psychological phenomena, nor are the cognitive processes studied specific to the processing of social information. The program explores complex or ""high level"" processing of information that is not mediated by conscious awareness, and social cognition seems to be an appropriate area in which to investigate this kind of processing. The research program began with observations which suggest that nonconscious acquisition and processing of information play a major role in human development and adjustment. The first two chapters discuss these observations and present preliminary theoretical assumptions. The subsequent chapters contain reports of 34 experiments on nonconscious information processing. The book is addressed not only to personality and social psychologists, but also to cognitive psychologists concerned with information processing in general. The former may find this research relevant because most of the experiments describe some mechanisms of acquisition and utilization of social information—problems they are working on themselves. The latter may want to ignore the specific stimulus material (i.e., social information) employed in most of the experiments and focus on the general nature of the cognitive mechanisms studied.

  • The Urban Informal Sector

    Critical Perspectives on Employment and Housing Policies
    • 1st Edition
    • Ray Bromley
    • English
    The Urban Informal Sector is a collection of papers presented at a multi-disciplinary conference on ""The urban informal sector in the Third World,"" organized by the Developing Areas Study Group of the Institute of British Geographers in London on March 19, 1977. Contributors offer critical perspectives on the urban informal sector, with emphasis on employment and housing policies. Topics covered range from general reviews and national case studies to detailed studies of particular occupations in individual cities. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins by reviewing the relevance of dualist models of economic activities and enterprises, as applied to Third World countries, concentrating on the origins, diffusion, and deficiencies of the formal/informal dualist classification. Subsequent chapters explore the informal sector debate in studies of Third World poverty and employment; the nature of informal-formal sector relationships; the structure of the labor markets in the ""organized"" and ""unorganized"" sectors of urban economies in South India; and the problem of urban poverty, its relation to employment, and rising spatial inequalities in Brazil. Capitalist and petty commodity production in Nigeria is also discussed, along with John Turner's views on housing policy. The final chapter looks at the competition between the informal and formal sectors in the retail industry in Santiago, Chile. This monograph will be of interest to social and economic policymakers.

  • Psychological Care for Families

    Before, During and After Birth
    • 1st Edition
    • Catherine A. Niven
    • English
    Psychological Care for Families: Before, During and After Birth presents the significance of psychological care and the positive effect on outcomes when it is done well. This book provides an understanding of the emotional needs of families. Organized into six chapters, this book begins with an overview of the improvements in outcomes that result from increased input by midwives and health visitors. This text then examines the individual and interrelated needs of the fetus/baby, the mother/primary caretaker, and the father/primary supporter. Other chapters consider the provision of health care during pregnancy, birth, and postnatal period, which involve the giving of psychological care to all the members of the family units. This book discusses as well the interaction that develops between a newborn baby and the mother or the primary caretaker. The final chapter deals with the serious problems that the mother, father, siblings, and baby may experience through their mutual interactions. This book is a valuable resource for midwives, nurses, and health care professionals.

  • Resources and Planning

    Pergamon Oxford Geographies
    • 1st Edition
    • Brian Goodall + 2 more
    • English
    Resources and Planning focuses on the trends, approaches, techniques, and emergence of new concepts in geography, as well as the use of models in planning endeavors. The selection first offers information on planning education and practice, including systems models and inner cities dilemma. The book also examines planning processes and mathematical modeling in land use planning. Topics include general assessment and development of urban modeling; extensions and developments of the gravity model; essential dualism of knowledge and action; science and design as problem-solving processes; and planning processes as social learning. The manuscript ponders on zone definition in spatial modeling and patterns of information use in planning, including problems and alternative approaches to zone system design. The text also concentrates on maps as source materials; quantitative developments in geography and planning in a practical reasoning framework; human's impact on climate with particular reference to energy balance changes; and climate and town planning. The book is a fine reference for readers interested in geography, particularly the trends, techniques, and approaches used in this discipline.

  • Measuring Underemployment

    Demographic Indicators for the United States
    • 1st Edition
    • Clifford C. Clogg
    • H. H. Winsborough
    • English
    Measuring Underemployment: Demographic Indicators for the United States discusses the Labor Utilization Framework of Hauser and Sullivan, which is a measurement scheme that posits the existence of three dimensions, or forms, of underemployment— time, income, and skill-utilization. This book describes the conceptual groundwork, operational measurement, and implications of the Labor Utilization Framework on the way the labor force aggregates. The essential elements of the socio-demographic theory of the labor force with the logical unity provided by both the Labor Utilization Framework and the specific methodologies adopted for its analysis are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the methods for latent structure analysis and cohort analysis, including the theory of frictional underemployment; “class structure” governing the distribution of labor market rewards; tempo of social change in the labor force; “productive value” of a population; and “true” dependency on productive labor. This publication is a good source for students and researchers concerned with different labor force topics that can be plausibly studied from the viewpoint of the Hauser-Sullivan framework.

  • Artificial Human Insemination

    Report of a Conference Held in London under the Auspices of the Public Morality Council
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Artificial Human Insemination: Report of a Conference held under the Auspices of the Public Morality Council reviews the medical, sociological, psychological, and theological aspects of artificial insemination. This book is divided into 11 chapters that discuss various statements made by some representative of certain sector of the society. It addresses legal issues of using artificial insemination in humans and demonstrates the mode that was taken to clarify these issues. Some of the topics covered in the book are the procedure and policy in relation to human artificial insemination; definition of human artificial insemination; analysis of the procedure of using the method; progress in the development of a fetus; analysis of the effectiveness of the method; and possible insemination of a sperm from a third party. Other chapters describe the situations wherein the method of human artificial insemination is used. The discussion then shifts to the history and developments in applying the method, as well as an analysis of a doctor’s opinion on the result of using the method for impotent husband. The remaining chapters deal with the advantages and disadvantages of using the method. The book can provide useful information to the doctors, theologians, sociologists, students, and researchers.

  • Experimental Social Programs and Analytic Methods

    An Evaluation of the U.S. Income Maintenance Projects
    • 1st Edition
    • Alexander Basilevsky + 1 more
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Experimental Social Programs and Analytic Methods: An Evaluation of the U.S. Income Maintenance Projects examines the statistical and econometric research on work disincentive effects reported by a series of social experiments that explore the economic and social consequences of a guaranteed income program. This book provides a comparative description of the several experimental designs and labor supply results, including a general discussion of methodological issues common to the social experiments. The Conlisk-Watts model for sample assignment and labor supply findings from both an econometric and statistical perspective are also elaborated. This text likewise presents an updated survey of the work response findings from the American negative income tax experiments. This publication is intended for professionals and students in econometrics, labor economics, statistics, and quantitative research, but is also valuable to policy analysts and others concerned with social welfare reform and public administration.

  • Life-Span Developmental Psychology

    Normative Life Crises
    • 1st Edition
    • Nancy Datan + 1 more
    • English
    Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Normative Life Crises is a compilation of papers that deals with various points of view between the academic perspective — studies in developmental psychology and applied perspective — and the practical efforts of social workers to help individual clients. Part I discusses normative life crises from the two perspectives that include human behavior theory in social work education. This part also includes an interdisciplinary approach covering developmental, social, sociological, economic, and psychological fields. Part II covers the normative life crises in individual development such as discussions on death, ego development, and a practioner's response on models of ego development. The book also discusses an abstract model versus an actual individual experience in dealing with crises, as well as the meanings of adaptation and survival during old age. Part III presents the normative life crises in the family circle covering topics such as parenthood, sex roles, depression, widowhood, and an example of situational stress. Part IV deals with the normative life crises and the social system, including socialization, life course, changing work cycles, and public policy on death. This book will prove valuable for psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, social workers, and behavioral scientists.

  • Information Technology Standards

    Quest for the Common Byte
    • 1st Edition
    • Martin Libicki
    • English
    This book examines information technology standards and discusses what they are, what they do, how they originate, and how they evolve.While standards are important in improving system interoperability and thereby increasing economic productivity, they are unlikely to achieve their full potential due to a variety of factors, chief of which is the politics of the standard process itself.Libicki points out that the government is not likely the best source for designing and promoting standards. He does an excellent job of breaking down many complex technical issues and presenting them in a fashion that technical people can enjoy and policy makers can understand.

  • Trees in the City

    Habitat: a Series of Texts on All Aspects of Human Settlements
    • 1st Edition
    • Ira Bruce Nadel + 2 more
    • Ira B. Nadel + 1 more
    • English
    Trees in the City provides an introduction to the process of humanizing the cityscape and guide to planting trees in city conditions. This book focuses on four basic concepts. First, trees play an essential role in human's urban life. Second, people must become aware of the environmental, esthetic, social, and political importance of trees. Third, trees need to be integrated with the pattern and function of urban activity. Finally, the design, placement, and maintenance of trees on city streets are the responsibility of everyone in the community. The topics discussed include a short history of trees in the city; environmental and esthetic relation of trees, human, and the city; tree choices and features; and designing a city street—models, problems, and matrixes. This publication is beneficial to landscape architects and individuals interested in tree planting in urban areas.

  • Brain Sciences in Psychiatry

    Study Guide
    • 1st Edition
    • A. M. P. Kellam
    • English
    Brain Sciences in Psychiatry: Study Guide is a perfect companion of its parent book Brain Sciences Psychiatry. With this book, students will be able to know the different objectives of each unit of the parent book. Through this guide, the student will then be able to focus on the particular part they wish to study. The book also has an answer key for the study quizzes found in the parent book. Those who are having trouble with using the parent book Brain Sciences Psychiatry should get a copy of this guide.

  • Approaches to Specific Problems

    Handbook of Behavior Therapy with Sexual Problems
    • 1st Edition
    • Joel Fischer + 1 more
    • Arnold P. Goldstein + 1 more
    • English
    Handbook of Behavior Therapy with Sexual Problems, Volume II: Approaches to Specific Problems compiles case studies illustrating the use of techniques as they are applied to specific sexual problems. This publication is divided into two parts. Part I discusses approaches to the problems often encountered by men and women in heterosexual intercourse. For men, the two major areas included are problems with achieving or maintaining erections during sexual activities and problems associated with ejaculation. The problem areas covered for women are problems in orgasmic functioning and problems of painful or difficult intercourse. Part 2 elaborates sexual problems associated with undesired sexual object choices. The homosexual, fetishistic, cross-dressing, exhibitionistic, pedophiliac, sadomasochistic, voyeuristic and miscellaneous behaviors are also covered. This publication is a good reference for behaviorally-oriente... clinicians and practitioners who are attempting to alleviate the suffering associated with their clients’ sexual problems.

  • The Ocean Basins

    Their Structure and Evolution
    • 1st Edition
    • Joan Brown
    • Gerry Bearman
    • English
    This Volume describes the processes that shape ocean basins, determine the structure and composition of the ocean crust, and control the major features of the continental margins. Further subjects examined are the 'hot springs' of the deep oceans, the main pattern of sediment distribution in ocean basins including the recording of past climatic and sea-level changes, and the role of oceans as an integral part of global chemical cycles. Each Volume in this set is well laid out and copiously illustrated with full colour photographs, graphs and graphics. Questions to help develop arguments and/or understanding can be found in the text and at the end of each chapter, with worked answers provided at the back of each Volume. Each chapter also concludes with a sum mary to help consolidate understanding before the next chapter is begun.

  • The Global Challenge of Innovation

    • 1st Edition
    • Basil Blackwell + 1 more
    • English
    The Global Challenge of Innovation discusses the importance of a global economy and its implications. The book is comprised of 11 chapters that tackle the various issues faced by both industries and governments in the globalization of economy. The text first describes the process of innovation and its implication for companies that plan to compete in the global market. The next chapters cover the management issues of companies in the context of global economy. The book also discusses the role of government in global innovation and the European’s policy for innovation. The remaining chapters tackle the effects of the non-globalization of competition policies, taxation, and trade policies on governments, multinational companies, and world economy. The book will be of great use to economists, government officials, and C-level employees of multinational corporations.

  • Motherhood in Bondage

    • 1st Edition
    • Margaret Sanger
    • English
    Motherhood in Bondage is a collection of confessions from mothers in the bondage of enforced maternity sent to birth control activist, women's rights advocate, sex educator, and nurse Margaret Sanger. The compilation includes confessions from mothers of all walks of life - girl mothers, those in poverty, those unfit to become mothers because of different reasons, and working mothers. The book also includes the confessions of children of these mothers and grandmothers whose daughters have been bound with enforced maternity. The text is for mothers who are also burdened with enforced maternity, especially those who feel alone in their plight. The book is also recommended for mothers who would like to know more about the lives of other mothers who gave birth to many children, people who wish to educate mothers, and prospective mothers who would like to learn the dangers and the difficult life of enforced maternity.

  • Transvestism

    A Handbook with Case Studies for Psychologists, Psychiatrists and Counsellors
    • 1st Edition
    • Harry Brierley
    • English
    Transvestism: A Handbook with Case Studies for Psychologists, Psychiatrists and Counsellors presents the rapid change in social attitudes towards so-called sexual problems. This book provides an understanding of the transvestite, transsexual, and homosexual as whole people characterized by the array of their talents and deficiencies rather than by the nature of their sexuality alone. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the classic study of the genetics of homosexuality. This text then examines the importance of self-help societies for transvestites in various countries. Other chapters consider the role of sexual need in human development. This book discusses as well the psychodynamic theories based on the principle that all human behavior is primarily sexual. The final chapter deals with the classification of cross-dressing and the uneasy state of sexual non-conformity. This book is a valuable resource for psychiatrists, psychologists, counsellors, and clinical researchers. Transvestites, transsexuals, and homosexuals will also find this book useful.

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