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Elsevier

Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • Suicide and Self-Damaging Behavior

    A Sociobiological Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Denys deCatanzaro
    • David T. Lykken
    • English
    Suicide and Self-Damaging Behavior: A Sociobiological Perspective reviews the status of suicide and other exceptions to the prevailing regularities of behavior. This book discusses the apparent anomaly of self-destructive behavior; current incidence of suicide and self-injury; self-destructiveness in other species; and biological fitness and social ecology of suicide. The pro-suicidal gene expression and natural selection; death concept; breakdown of other life-preserving factors with coping failure; and selection processes and altruism are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the chronic self-abuse, risk taking, and self-injurious or self-mutilative behavior. This publication is a good source for anthropologists, psychologists, sociologists, and social scientists concerned with self-destructive behavior.

  • Infant Perception: From Sensation to Cognition

    Perception of Space, Speech, and Sound
    • 1st Edition
    • Leslie B. Cohen + 1 more
    • English
    Infant Perception: From Sensation to Cognition, Volume II: Perception of Space, Speech, and Sound covers comprehensive programmatic examinations, which are arranged along a continuum from basic sensory and neurophysiological functioning to information processing and memory. This volume is organized into two parts encompassing six chapters, and begins with the difficulties prior research has had in assessing infant perception of depth or space. The next chapters provide a link between infants' perception of space and their perception of objects and evaluate both psychometric studies of object concept development and studies focusing specifically on Piaget's theory. These topics are followed by discussions of the infant's development of the concept of self, and that concept is used to explain the infant's perception of other persons. The final chapters deal with the infant vision and audition. These chapters specifically describe the developmental anatomy of the auditory pathway and the electrophysiological functioning and capacity. A series of studies on the infant's receptiveness for the segmental units of speech, the ability to perceive phonemic feature contrasts, and the manner in which this perception occurs is also provided. This book will prove useful to developmental psychologists and biologists.

  • Politics and Religion

    • 1st Edition
    • Sami Nair
    • English
    In Paris in the autumn of 1989 three Muslim girls, observing their own religious custom, went to school wearing Muslim headscarves. The ensuing political storm, which continued unabated into 1990, has brought sharply into focus one of the fundamental questions related to Western democracy: the nature of the relationship between religion and the state. The 'scarves affair' was primarily a dispute between practitioners of Islam and the secular state. However, the controversy in France and similar recent controversies elsewhere have forced a general and radical reappraisal of the wide and complex issue of religion and its relation to politics. This issue of Contemporary European Affairs is a contribution to that debate.

  • European Immigration Policy

    • 1st Edition
    • Sami Nair
    • English
    European Immigration Policy is devoted to the problems of minorities and immigrants within the European Community. It includes many papers drawn from the Strasbourg Conference of December 1990. An introductory paper argues the problem of immigration as neither prevention nor reduction, but of appropriate development planning for the South and the political management of the migrations which must take place largely due to the economic requirements of the Community itself. Further essays discuss the position of immigrant and migrant peoples in the Community, contemporary immigrant and nationality policies, Christianity and immigration, Spain's illegal immigrants, and the integration or marginalization of immigrants in French society.

  • Medical Psychology

    Contributions to Behavioral Medicine
    • 1st Edition
    • Charles K. Prokop + 1 more
    • English
    Medical Psychology: Contributions to Behavioral Medicine discusses the relationship between medical psychology and behavioral medicine and includes critical reviews of the status of diagnostic, treatment, and preventive approaches to a wide variety of medical disorders such as hypertension, cancer, and chronic pain. A quantitative and qualitative approach to neuropsychological evaluation is also presented. Comprised of 26 chapters, this book begins by tracing the history of the relationship between psychology and medicine and assessing the status of psychology's role in the medical center. The second and third sections deal with approaches to the assessment, treatment, and prevention of various medical disorders including hypertension, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The third section also examines several special problems within the provinces of medical psychology and behavioral medicine. The fourth section presents reviews of clinical and research topics of particular interest to all medical psychologists and behavioral medicine specialists, including adherence to health care regimens and professional services evaluation in a medical setting. This monograph will be of value to research investigators and practitioners within the behavioral sciences and medicine.

  • Parent–Child Interaction

    Theory, Research, and Prospects
    • 1st Edition
    • Ronald W. Henderson
    • English
    Parent-Child Interaction: Theory, Research, and Prospects is intended (a) to provide a synthesis of a segment of this growing body of literature on interrelationships between children and their parents; (b) to examine the theoretical implications of this research; (c) to review and assess common methodological approaches to the study of home environmental influences on the development of children; and (d) to identify directions future research must take if our understanding of family influences and their place in a broader sociocultural context is to be extended. The book is organized into three parts. Part I examines theory and research on major aspects of parent-child influence processes. Part II examines the methods employed in research on family environments and considers the unique features that distinguish research on home environmental influences from traditional educational research. Part III provides different perspectives on the application of psychological knowledge to socialization processes. This book is intended for educational and developmental psychologists with interests in socialization processes as well as for practitioners who design parental programs that minimize discontinuities between competing socialization influences. This volume will also prove useful in graduate courses in educational, developmental, and community psychology; as a reference for professionals involved in school psychology, school administration, and pupil personnel work; and for psychologists and social workers involved in youth service agencies, child guidance, diagnostic clinics, parent education, and family therapy.

  • Home Environment and Early Cognitive Development

    Longitudinal Research
    • 1st Edition
    • Allen W. Gottfried
    • English
    Home Environment and Early Cognitive Development: Longitudinal Research presents the results of longitudinal studies in Canada and the United States that looked into the relationship between home environment and early cognitive development. The aim of these investigations is to determine the specific or process home environmental variables that correlate with and possibly regulate cognitive development during infancy and the preschool years. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book begins with a brief introduction to the issues investigated. Each of the following seven chapters is devoted to a longitudinal investigation, with emphasis on data presentation, analysis, and interpretation. The influence of home environment on cognitive development in young children of middle-socioeconomic... families as well as Mexican-American children is considered. Assessments of cognitive development are carried out using standard psychometric tests of intelligence; Piagetian-type measures of sensorimotor development; measures of language development; and measures of recognition memory for infants. The final chapter assesses the implications for intervention of the link between home environment and early cognitive development. This monograph will be of interest to psychologists and sociologists.

  • Advances in Cognitive—Behavioral Research and Therapy

    Volume 3
    • 1st Edition
    • Philip C. Kendall
    • English
    Advances in Cognitive–Behavioral Research and Therapy, Volume 3 provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of cognitive–behavioral approaches to psychotherapy. This book presents the developments in the study of cognition, personality, learning, development, social interaction, and behavior therapy. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of attributional processes in dyadic relationships with emphasis on therapeutic and theoretical aspects. This text then examines the advanced methodology of multidimensional scaling. Other chapters consider the application of cognitive–behavioral interventions in educational settings. This book discusses as well the social cognitive processes and effective social behavior, which are linked within a theoretically rich and empirically supported systems model. The final chapter deals with the rational–emotive theoretical position to the area of childhood problems. This book is a valuable resource for research and applied psychologists. Researchers and clinicians struggling with the interplay of behavior, cognition, and emotion will also find this book useful.

  • The Neural Control of Behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard E. Whalen + 2 more
    • English
    The Neural Control of Behavior contains some of the material presented and discussed at the first interdisciplinary conference on the neural control of behavior, held at the Department of Psychobiology of the University of California, Irvine in June 1968. The compendium presents papers prepared by scientists from a variety of disciplines, which touched upon the primary concerns of psychobiology. Main topics covered include neural mechanisms, evoked responses and network dynamics, perceptual mechanisms, and behavioral and cellular responses to novel and repeated stimuli. Hypothalamic mechanisms for motivational and species-typical behavior, learning and memory, and the behavior of hippocampal neurons during conditioning experiments are also discussed. Psychologists, neurologists, and psychobiologists will find the book very insightful.

  • Culture and Political Economy in Western Sicily

    • 1st Edition
    • Jane Schneider + 1 more
    • English
    Culture and Political Economy in Western Sicily presents the relationship between the early colonial period, a time when Sicily exported wheat and animal products, and a later neocolonial period, during which manpower is the principal energy loss. The book discusses the rise and development of the Mafia; cultural codes that are important to contemporary social Sicilian organization; and the origins of these codes in early adaptations of the Sicilian people to externally generated political and economic forces. The text will be of value to sociologists, economists, historians, and people who want a deeper understanding of the Mafia.

  • Sex Typing and Social Roles

    A Research Report
    • 1st Edition
    • Beverly Duncan + 1 more
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Sex Typing and Social Roles: A Research Report is based on a sociological survey that includes topics regarding changes in sex roles. The book deals with information derived from surveys and reports on the differences and similarities between the behavior, experience, and attitudes of men and women. The book addresses, more particularly, the ongoing changes in the social positions of the sexes, for example, from women's rights and privileges as a "private issue" to a public-policy issue. The book also reviews the work motives, the female role, constraints, and emotions (sadness) encountered. The text analyzes alienation versus engagement—why women say that they are indeed happier at work. The book then discusses the role of civics and sex as regards politics, institutional performance, and rule compliance. The text analyzes the role of religion and the involvement of husbands and wives in social affairs. The role of husbands and wives as partners in marriage is explained in terms of education, division of labor, and marital values. The book also investigates methods of rearing children, parental or expectations, and the response patterns on child-related task items. The text will prove beneficial to psychologists, sociologists, pediatricians, civic leaders, lay ministers, and educators.

  • Applied Developmental Psychology

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Frederick J Morrison + 2 more
    • English
    Applied Developmental Psychology: Volume 2 is a collection of papers from different experts in the field of psychology in an attempt to put forth a vision of psychology as a developmental science through its applications in different studies. The book covers topics such as essentialism and populational psychology, comprehension and comprehension monitoring, and theoretical and applied issues in the use of binaural sensory aids by blind infants and children. Also covered are topics such as the effects of maternal employment on young children and the subtypes of developmental dyslexia. The text is recommended to psychologists, especially those who would like to research on how the field can be viewed as a developmental science.

  • Feminists in Politics

    A Panel Analysis of the First National Women's Conference
    • 1st Edition
    • Alice S. Rossi
    • English
    Feminists in Politics: A Panel Analysis of the First National Women's Conference provides a systematic study of the impact of the National Women’s Conference held in Houston, Texas, in November 1977, on the participants. It traces the past political activities of the conference participants; what they actually did during the conference; the impact of the conference on their commitment to political action in the future; and their aspirations for holding elected office in American politics or in organizations associated with the feminist movement. The volume begins by placing the IWY Commission and the study of the conference in the context of feminist history—both the long-term history that reaches back to Seneca Falls in 1848 and the short-term history of more recent post-1965 political developments. Subsequent chapters deal with design, variable measurement, and response pattern analysis; political organization and group formation; the differences between Pro-Plan and Anti-Plan activists at the conference; and the past political development of the delegates and their political aspirations. This impact analysis will be of interest to political scientists and sociologists, as well as to political activists concerned with the efficacy of alternative action strategies.

  • Property Taxes and House Values

    The Theory and Estimation of Intrajurisdictional Property Tax Capitalization
    • 1st Edition
    • John Yinger + 2 more
    • Edwin S. Mills
    • English
    Property Taxes and House Values: The Theory and Estimation of Intrajurisdictional Property Tax Capitalization explains the link between property taxes and house values and elaborates public policies that alter property taxes, such as assessment reform and state aid. This book introduces the concept of property tax capitalization and discusses the importance of tax capitalization for public policy. The topics include the simple algebra of property tax capitalization, inherent econometric difficulties, and household utility maximization problem. The anticipation of revaluation, revaluation in Brockton, and nonlinear two-stage least squares estimator are also described. This text likewise covers the estimates of the degree of property tax capitalization and horizontal equity of tax rate changes. This publication is recommended for academics, public officials, and homeowners.

  • Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings

    • 1st Edition
    • Martin F. Kaplan + 1 more
    • English
    Human Judgment and Decision Processes in Applied Settings is the second to two volumes that attempt to define the areas of progress in the understanding of human decision making processes. The first volume, Human Judgment and Decision Processes (Academic Press, 1975) was concerned with formal and mathematical approaches to the problems of judgment and decision making. The major theoretical orientations (information integration theory, signal detection theory, portfolio theory, and multiattribute-utili... measurement) were presented and their rationales discussed. The present volume is concerned with the application of these theories, and the various techniques derived from them, to the problems of decision making in the everyday world. The chapters reflect the many modifications and adjustments that must be made to mathematical rules in order to apply decision theory models in the real world. The tools described serve a broad variety of interests: those of the urban health or social planner, the organizational manager, the researcher, the educator, and, in fact, all of those who must weight evidence to reach decisions. Planner, manager, researcher, teacher, policymaker—all will find assistance in overcoming the commonly encountered roadblocks when one must choose between alternatives in what remains an uncertain world.

  • Social Support, Life Events, and Depression

    • 1st Edition
    • Nan Lin + 2 more
    • English
    Social Support, Life Events, and Depression describes a research program that looked into the social process of mental health. This research program provided an arena for opportunities to explore many topics concerning the relationships among social support, life events, and mental health (primarily depressive symptoms). The volume is organized into six parts. Part I sets the background and scope of the study. Part II focuses on the dependent variable (depression), one of the two independent variables (life events], and the key control variable [psychological resources). Part III describes the measurement of social support. Part IV examines the basic models involving social support, life events, psychological resources, and depression. Part V proceeds to examine the reduced basic model in terms of a number of factors, such as age, sex, marital status, social class, and history of prior illness. Part VI discusses several specific issues regarding the dynamics of social support. This book is intended primarily for researchers, scientists, professionals, and instructors who are interested in examining both conceptual and methodological issues regarding social factors in mental health. Thus, those working in the area of public health, social and behavioral sciences, and medical professions may find this book useful. Because of the way the chapters are organized, it is possible for researchers and practitioners alike to select and read chapters pertinent to their specific interests.

  • Emotion, Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Plutchik + 1 more
    • English
    Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience, Volume 5: Emotion, Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy is concerned with the formulation of models of emotion psychopathology and psychotherapy. The book focuses on the dysregulation of emotion, methods for changing emotion and the experience of emotion. The papers contained in the volume are grouped into theoretical works that link emotions to psychopathology and psychotherapy based on concepts derived from evolutionary biology; theoretical works that utilizes psychoanalysis in understanding emotions; and the transformation of cognitive constructions through psychotherapy. Psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, sociobiologists, and students in the allied fields will find the book a good source of insight.

  • Patterns of Emotions

    A New Analysis of Anxiety and Depression
    • 1st Edition
    • Carrolle E. Izard
    • English
    Patterns of Emotions: A New Analysis of Anxiety and Depression provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of anxiety and depression phenomena experienced in some degree by everyone and in crippling intensity by many. This book is a sequel to The Face of Emotion (Izard, 1971), which presented a general conceptual framework for the study of the personality, a theory of the emotions, and evidence for the universality of the fundamental emotions of interest, joy, surprise, distress, anger, disgust, contempt, shame, and fear. The book defines the problems of anxiety and depression, in the framework of differential emotion theory, as combinations or patterns of interacting fundamental emotions and bodily feelings. The differential emotion theory of anxiety and depression is compared with psychoanalytic theory, cognitive theory, and biogenetic theory. A number of studies are presented which support the differential emotion analysis of anxiety and depression. The book also presents studies of various life situations in which a particular fundamental emotion is dominant. What has been found repeatedly is that, in each such situation, the dominant emotion occurs in a pattern of dynamically related fundamental emotions. The patterns for a variety of commonly experienced and universal emotion situations are presented and discussed.

  • Foundations of Dialectical Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • Klaus F. Riegel
    • English
    Foundations of Dialectical Psychology is a compilation of the writings of Klaus F. Riegel on dialectical psychology. The book presents chapters discussing such topics as the dialectics of human development; history of dialectical psychology; temporal organization of dialogues; and the analysis of the concept of crisis and its underlying philosophical model and ideology. Psychologists and students will find the book invaluable.

  • Theories of Emotion

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Plutchik + 1 more
    • English
    Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience, Volume 1: Theories of Emotion, presents broad theoretical perspectives representing all major schools of thought in the study of the nature of emotion. The contributions contained in the book are characterized under three major headings - evolutionary context, psychophysiological context, and dynamic context. Subjects that are discussed include general psycho-evolutionary theory of emotion; the affect system; the biology of emotions and other feelings; and emotions as transitory social roles. Psychologists, sociobiologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, ethologists, and students the allied fields will find the text a good reference material.

  • The Chronic Crisis in Psychological Measurement and Assessment

    A Historical Survey
    • 1st Edition
    • Scott T. Meier
    • English
    The Chronic Crisis in Psychological Measurement and Assessment: A Historical Survey provides a historical survey of relevant concepts in psychological measurement and assessment. It does not delve into intimate details and complexities, but traces measurement and assessment controversies over time and across psychological domains. The main goal has been to approach the problems of measurement and assessment from the perspective of psychological theory. The book begins with an overview, a broad picture of how psychological measurement and assessment have evolved. Separate chapters present descriptions and interpretations of measurement issues that have been important over the lifespan of psychological science. Traditional approaches along with newer concepts and procedures are are discussed, along with an attempt to integrate the major themes that emerge from the historical survey with the ultimate purpose of reviewing and proposing new directions. This book is offered as a complement to existing texts in psychological measurement and assessment.

  • Hearing

    An Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics
    • 1st Edition
    • Stanley A. Gelfand
    • English
    Hearing: An Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics is concerned with the physiology and psychophysics of audition. It aims to introduce the new student to the sciences of hearing and to rekindle the interests of the experienced reader. The book begins with an overview of the auditory system. This is followed by separate chapters on theories of hearing; the routes over which sound is conducted to the inner ear; the cochlear mechanism; the auditory nerve and pathways; and psychoacoustic methods. Subsequent chapters cover the theory of signal detection; how sensitivity for one sound is affected by the presence of another sound; loudness; pitch; aspects of binaural hearing; and speech perception. This book provides both an introduction and a broad overview of the field of hearing science for the advanced undergraduate student or the postgraduate student in such disciplines as audiology and psychology. It should be an extremely useful guide to these students, as well as to those researchers who wish to refresh their knowledge of the field beyond their areas of specialization.

  • Single Subject Research

    Strategies for Evaluating Change
    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas R Kratochwill
    • English
    Single Subject Research: Strategies for Evaluating Change presents an overview of strategies used to evaluate change in single subject research, a particular approach referring to time-series paradigms in which each subject is used repeatedly. These strategies include research design, graphical analysis, and statistical tests, and it will be apparent that such designs extend beyond those commonly employed in applied behavioral research. The book opens with a brief historical perspective of time-series and other small group research. Separate chapters follow covering the analysis of graphic data as being of singular importance in single subject research; the units-of-analysis issue and a nonparametric randomization approach to data analysis; and the growing awareness among researchers that understanding the individual characteristics of interacting subjects may be inadequate for understanding the process that has taken place between them. The final chapter reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the analytic methods presented in the previous chapters. This volume will be of interest to those individuals actively engaged in educational and psychological experimentation for which single subject research strategies are or may prove to be valuable. Students desiring to supplement their knowledge of a unique and rapidly emerging area of statistical analysis as applied to single subject research designs will also find this volume of importance.

  • Population Patterns in the Past

    • 1st Edition
    • Ronald Demos Lee
    • English
    Population Patterns in the Past focuses on the study of historical populations. This book presents methods for the exploitation and use of aggregate data for demographic inference, facilitating the development and testing of hypotheses with socioeconomic content through advances in the use of demographic time-series. The topics discussed include homeostatic demographic regime; peasant household organization and demographic change in lower Saxony; civil code and nuptiality; and primonuptiality and ultimonuptiality. The deaths, marriages, births, and the Tuscan economy; influence of economic and social variables on marriage and fertility in 18th and 19th century Japanese villages; and childbearing and land availability are also elaborated. This text also covers the American fertility patterns since the civil war; a repertory of stable populations; and methods and models for analyzing historical series of births, deaths, and marriages. This publication is recommended for demographists, historians, and sociologists in charge of analyzing behavioral models in historical demography.

  • Handbook of Research Methods in Human Memory and Cognition

    • 1st Edition
    • C. Richard Puff
    • English
    Handbook of Research Methods in Human Memory and Cognition is a compilation of critical examinations of major contemporary research methods in the area of human memory and cognition. The book covers topics that are defined in terms of experimental tasks and materials, aiming to introduce newcomers to the range of methodologies available and allow flexibility of choices for established investigators on how to attack the problem. Recognition memory, free-recall, and prose memory are discussed in detail. Psychologists and researchers in allied fields will find the book a good reference material.

  • Feeling and Hurting

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward C. Carterette + 1 more
    • English
    Handbook of Perception, Volume VIB: Feeling and Hurting, deals with the perceptual aspects of feeling and pain. The book opens with a discussion of the history of research on feeling. This is followed by separate chapters on the biophysics and psychophysics of feeling; phylogenetic development of feeling; and role of different cerebral structures in somesthetic perception. Subsequent chapters deal with concepts in pain research; the neural mechanisms of pain; perceptual aspects of pain; and human pathological pain.

  • A Theory of Behavior in Organizations

    • 1st Edition
    • James C. Naylor + 2 more
    • English
    A Theory of Behavior in Organizations develops a theory for organizational behavior, or, more accurately, a theory of individual behavior within organizations of behavior. The book begins by discussing a series of general issues involved in the theory of behavior in organizations. It then describes the theory itself in three stages: first, the general structure of the theory; second, definition of the key variables; and third, the interrelationships between the variables. Subsequent chapters show how the theory deals specifically with such issues as roles, decision making, and motivation. The theory presented is a cognitive theory of behavior. It assumes that man is rational (or at least nonrandom) for the most part, and that as a systematic or nonrandom generator of behavior, man's actions are explained best in terms of conscious, thinking acts on the part of the individual. The theory deals with why the individual chooses certain alternative courses of action in preference to others, and thus it might properly be called a theory of choice behavior. Whereas the emphasis is on the cognitive aspects of behavior, considerable attention has been devoted to external, noncognitive variables in the system that play meaningful roles in the determination of individual behavior.

  • Boundary Areas in Social and Developmental Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • John C. Masters + 1 more
    • English
    Boundary Areas in Social and Developmental Psychology is based largely on the proceedings of a conference at Vanderbilt University in June 1981. One of the goals is to highlight some examples of research that illustrate facets of the important boundary area between social and developmental psychology. The book opens with a chapter that deals with the broad issues of boundary areas in psychology, ending with specific consideration of the boundary between social and developmental psychology. This is followed by separate chapters that consider general propositions regarding the importance of integrating concepts and methods from social and developmental psychology in the study of social relationships; show how integrating social and developmental considerations can assist in the understanding of relationships between parents and children; and apply developmental and social concepts to identify and study some of the aspects of the marital relationship that may lead to its dissolution. Subsequent chapters deal with boundary area issues focusing primarily on children's social behavior. These include the complexity of social processes inherent in children's peer relationships and the role of social exchange processes in social relationships from infancy to adulthood.

  • Historical Geography of England and Wales

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert A. Dodgshon + 1 more
    • English
    This text has been designed to cover all aspects and phases of the historical geography of England and Wales in a single volume. In its substantially revised and enlarged form, the treatment of standard themes has been completely re-written to take account of recent work and shifts in viewpoint while its overall coverage has been extended to embrace newer themes like symbolic landscapes and the geography of the inter-war period. Its comprehensiveness and freshness of approach ensure its continuing value and success as a text.

  • The Czech Republic and Economic Transition in Eastern Europe

    • 1st Edition
    • Jan Svejnar
    • English
    The Czech Republic and Economic Transition in Eastern Europe is the first in-depth, comparative analysis of the Czech Republic's economic transition after the fall of the Communist bloc. Edited by Jan Svejnar,a principal architect of the Czech economic transformation and Economic Advisor to President Vaclav Havel, the book poses important questions about the Republic and its partners in Central and Eastern Europe. The thirty-five essayists describe the country's macroeconomic performance; its development of capital markets; the structure and performance of its industries; its unemployment, household behavior, and income distribution; and the environmental and health issues it faces.In this in-depth, comparative analysis of the Czech Republic's economic transition, an international team of thirty-five economists examine the Republic and its partners in Central and Eastern Europe. Important questions and issues permeate the essays. For example, prior to 1939 the Czech Republic possessed the most advanced economy in the region; is it capable of reestablishing its dominance? Relative to its neighbors, the Republic ranks especially high on some transition-related performance indicators but low on others. What economic effects are related to the 1993 dissolution of the Czech and Slovak governments? And what can be learned by comparing the economic outcomes of two countries that shared legal and institutional frameworks? Data describe the country's macroeconomic performance; its development of capital markets; the structure and performance of its industries; its unemployment, household behavior, and income distribution; and the environmental and health issues facing it. Its most important contributions are its clarifications of the transition process.The authors included in Transforming Czechoslovakia combine the best available data and techniques of economic analysis to assess the replacement of the inefficient but internally consistent central planning system with a more efficient market system. These authors, among whom are central European economic analysts, senior U.S. economists, and Czechoslovakian professors and economic researchers, discuss the country's macroeconomic performance; its development of capital markets; the structure and performance of its industries; its unemployment, household behavior, and income distribution; and the environmental and health issues facing it. The essays vary between presentations of history and policy and technical examinations of data. Together they offer the most comprehensive and detailed assessment of the country's economic transformation in print.This book is important because its essayists compile results and reach conclusions that are broad and credible. The empirical data were gathered on the ground and have been subjected to advanced methodologies, including game theory, industrial organization, and Granger-Sims causality.

  • The Neuropsychology of Individual Differences

    • 1st Edition
    • Philip A. Vernon
    • English
    This handbook provides a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of neuropsychological approaches to the assessment and study of individual differences. The book covers individual differences in mental abilities such as intelligence, mental retardation, learning memory, language, and reading. In addition, it discusses neurological models of cognitive information processing individual differences in personality and temperament, and neuro-psychological approaches to the assessment of learning disabilities and psychopathological disorders.

  • The Psychology of Humor

    Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Issues
    • 1st Edition
    • Jeffrey H Goldstein
    • English
    The Psychology of Humor: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Issues examines theoretical perspectives and empirical issues concerning the psychology of humor. Theoretical views of humor range from the physiological to the sociological and anthropological. The relations between humor, laughter, and smiling are considered, along with the connection between collative variables and arousal. Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to the history of thought and major theoretical issues on humor, followed by a description of models of different aspects of humor. The next section deals with empirical issues in which selected research areas are given detailed attention. The relations between humor, laughter, and smiling, on the one hand, and collative variables and arousal, on the other, are analyzed. Subsequent chapters explore the cognitive origins of incongruity humor by comparing fantasy assimilation and reality assimilation; a two-stage model for the appreciation of jokes and cartoons; and the social functions and physiological correlates of humor. The relationship between arousal potential and funniness of jokes is also explored, together with humor judgments as a function of reference groups and identification classes. The final chapter presents an annotated bibliography of published papers on humor in the research literature and an analysis of trends between 1900 and 1971. This monograph will be of interest to psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, and behavioral scientists.

  • Oxidative Stress

    • 1st Edition
    • Helmut Sies
    • English
    Oxidative Stress is intended as an in-depth account of knowledge and problems in the field of oxygen-related damage in biological systems. The topics range from an assessment of molecular events in in vitro model systems to complex problems in clinical medicine. Organized into two parts with a total of 18 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to oxidative stress, elucidating specific topics on reactive oxygen species, detoxification system, and nature of oxidative damage. The first part focuses on models used with cells and tissues in the study of oxidative stress, whereas the second part describes the processes elicited by oxidative stress.

  • The Heart's Eye

    Emotional Influences in Perception and Attention
    • 1st Edition
    • Paula M. Niedenthal + 1 more
    • English
    Recent years have seen a great deal of attention directed towards the so-called "warm-look," investigating how "cold" cognition and "hot" affect intermingle in perception and decision processes. Following in this vein, this book discusses conceptual models and research findings with respect to how affect influences non-conscious processing. The book is divided into two sections: the first on affect and perception, the second on affect and attention, with discussants bringing each section into a cohesive whole.

  • Of Mice and Women

    Aspects of Female Aggression
    • 1st Edition
    • Kaj Bjorkqvist + 1 more
    • English
    This book is a comprehensive compilation and discussion of research findings on female aggression from anthropology, social psychology, animal research, case studies, and representations in literature. This multidisciplinary approach will address such questions as: 'Are females less aggressive than males?' 'Is female aggressive behavior perhaps quantitatively, different than male aggressive behavior?' The book also discusses patterns of agression, the role of hormones in aggression, cultural differences, and how human aggression differs from aggression within animal species.

  • Patterns of Personality Judgment

    • 1st Edition
    • Rudolf Cohen
    • English
    Patterns of Personality Judgment focuses on the significant lines of development that deals with systematic tendencies in personality judgments. This book consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the meaning of judgments in terms of their structural interrelations. The second chapter examines what degrees of agreement and extent different judges evaluate one another or evaluate persons whom they know only by photographs, handwriting, and self-descriptions. The utilization of individual items of information in judgment is deliberated in Chapter 3, while the subjective patterns of judgment are described in Chapter 4. This publication is a good source for students and researchers intending to acquire knowledge of personality judgment.

  • Research and Experiment in Stuttering

    International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology
    • 1st Edition
    • H. R. Beech + 1 more
    • H. J. Eysenck
    • English
    Research and Experiment in Stuttering presents the phenomena and characteristics of stuttering. This book describes the types of stuttering that may appear in many different psychological and physical settings. Organized into seven chapters, this book starts with a discussion of the definition of stuttering, which usually refers to particular forms of interruption to the free flow of speech with sufficient frequency to considerably impede verbal communication. This text then discusses several matters, including sex ratios of stutterers, incidence of stuttering, and prognosis of the disorder. Other chapters explain how the idea of psychological causation for stuttering developed. This book discusses as well the common observation that the stutterer appears to have a usually higher level of anxiety that the nonstutterer. The final chapter deals with the three significant procedures that have been used as methods for the modification of stuttering. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists and psychiatrists.

  • Development Begins at Home

    Problems and Prospects of the Sociology of Development
    • 1st Edition
    • C. A. O. Van Nieuwenhuijze
    • English
    Development Begins at Home: Problems and Prospects of the Sociology of Development examines the challenges posed by development to the field of sociology. The book first reviews colonialism and the emergent One World in terms of the history of ideas; discusses attitudes towards development; and examines the definitions of development. These are followed by separate chapters on the contributions of sociology to development studies. The considerable wealth of sociology in dealing with change and, to a lesser extent, with development is identified. Subsequent chapters examine points of departure for current and prospective work in the sociology of development. One is the profile of underdevelopment, sociologically understood, along with the matching configuration of development goals. Another is the true meaning of social development, as opposed to economic development. The main finding is that development may well cause the general outlook of sociology to change. The prospect is for a sociology of human dignity in the social nexus.

  • Qualitative Change in Human Geography

    • 1st Edition
    • S. S. Duncan
    • English
    Qualitative Change in Human Geography is a collection of studies that tackles concerns about human geography. The papers presented in the book deal with qualitative issues regarding human geography. The text contains eight different discussions that cover topics such as the direction of social practice research and the concept of people, society, and nature in social science. The book covers how economic and political interaction can explain the creation of spatial structure. The text discusses the explanatory theories and ideologies regarding the obsession of policymakers with the inner-city. The book will be of great interest to sociologists, psychologists, and individuals concerned with human geography.

  • A Social Geography of England and Wales

    Pergamon Oxford Geographies
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Dennis + 1 more
    • W. B. Fisher
    • English
    A Social Geography of England and Wales considers the theoretical concepts of the social geography of England and Wales. This book is composed of 11 chapters that discuss the theories of industrialization and urbanization. The opening chapters deal with the origins and settlement of English people, as well as the workings of feudal society with its hierarchy of groups of different legal status, ranging from the king through the base of the system. The succeeding chapters examine the vital formative phase in British social history. Other chapters explore the strengths and weaknesses of several ecological and economic models of urban structure that are transported from North America to Great Britain. A chapter looks into the variations in housing type and quality form intriguing reflections of fundamental differences in British Society based on a theory of housing classes. This text also surveys residents of the inner areas of many British cities now experience substantial social problems, which are compounded in areas of multiple deprivation. The final chapters cover the dispersion of urbanism into the countryside where it has provoked fundamental social and spatial changes related to commuting, retirement migration and tourism. This book is of value to historians, sociologists, researchers, and undergraduate students.

  • How to Find Out in Psychology

    A Guide to the Literature and Methods of Research
    • 1st Edition
    • D. H. Borchardt + 1 more
    • English
    How to Find Out in Psychology: A Guide to the Literature and Methods of Research is a research guidebook in psychology. The book is comprised of 11 chapters that address concerns in psychological research. The text first covers the concept of psychology and its major theories, and then proceeds to tackling bibliographic aids for research in psychology. The next series of chapters details the methodologies in researching and presenting. The last chapters discuss the professional matters in psychology. The book will be of great use to students, researchers, and practitioners of behavioral science.

  • Family Matters

    Perspectives on the Family and Social Policy
    • 1st Edition
    • Alfred White Franklin
    • English
    Family Matters: Perspectives on the Family and Social Policy covers the proceedings of the Symposium on Priority for the Family. The book examines how a family might be strengthened and how any stresses society imposes on the family might be lightened. The text consists of 20 chapters and discusses several issues concerning the family as a social unit, such as environmental factors, socio-economic stress, housing conditions, poverty, unemployment, and the lack of options. The book will be of great interest to readers concerned with the implications of social norms and standards for the family as a social unit.

  • The Ethics of Psychological Research

    • 1st Edition
    • J. D. Keehn
    • English
    The Ethics of Psychological Research contains expanded versions of original presentations reported in a two-day symposium on Ethics in Psychological Research held at Atkinson College, York University, near Toronto in September 1980. The book is organized into three major sections, wherein the first deals with ethical principles and regulations, the second with ethics of research with special populations, and the third with problems associated with applications of scientific knowledge. A concluding section then details the results of a psychological research method applied to the question of a psychological ethic.

  • The Geography of Post-War France

    A Social and Economic Approach
    • 1st Edition
    • Hugh D. Clout
    • W. B. Fisher
    • English

  • Principles of Training

    The Commonwealth and International Library: Psychology Division
    • 1st Edition
    • D. H. Holding
    • G. P. Meredith
    • English
    Principles of Training provides insight into the different variables presented by training tasks. It presents a wide sample of experimental data to reveal to the intending practitioner of training—whether in industry, in sport, in the defense services or other fields—that awareness of experimental findings must be paralleled by competence in analyzing tasks in order to determine how and where any particular principles may reasonably be applied. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the evaluation of training, experiments on training, limitations of training, and training problems. This is followed by separate chapters that discuss how trainers can influence the course of learning by manipulating knowledge of results; methods for minimizing errors in early learning; visual training methods; the use of words and actions in training; and the importance of practice in learning. Subsequent chapters cover the transfer of training; automatic teaching, or ""programmed instruction""; and recommendations for trainers.

  • Human Growth and the Development of Personality

    Social Work Series
    • 3rd Edition
    • Jack Kahn + 1 more
    • Jean P. Nursten
    • English
    Human Growth and the Development of Personality, Third Edition presents a well-informed account of human growth in which the maturation of the body plays a significant role. This book provides an invaluable foundation for the understanding of all the vagaries of normal human development. Organized into 20 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the scientific basis for provision of human needs. This text then presents a scientific study of personality. Other chapters consider the developmental stages of an individual. The final chapter deals with the ever-present burden on public services of old people, including many who are living in financial deprivation, deplorable residential accommodation, and in conflict with members of family or close neighbors. This book is a valuable resource for readers who are confronted by perplexed or anxious patients, clients, or parents, to help them recognized their problems more clearly and so to offer them informed guidance.

  • Managing Innovation

    The Social Dimensions of Creativity, Invention and Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • Sven B. Lundstedt + 1 more
    • English
    Managing Innovation: The Social Dimensions of Creativity, Invention and Technology focuses on the relationship between inventions and innovations with industrial development and economic advancement. The book stresses the point that advancement in industries and economy can be more successful when these are in balance. Containing the works of various authors, the book proceeds by highlighting the social dimension of invention and innovation. The role of the government in the promotion of innovations and inventions is also noted. The book also reiterates the point that human factors have definitely affected innovation and productivity. This stance is supported by the discussion on a case study in labor-management cooperation. Inventions and innovations in the social dimension are also established to be related with industrial productivity. The book also touches upon how education has influenced the advancement of technology in Japan. The text is best suited to those who are interested in pushing the role of inventions and innovations in shaping the society.

  • Flare Stars

    International Series in Natural Philosophy
    • 1st Edition
    • G. A. Gurzadyan
    • Yervant Terzian
    • English
    Flare Stars covers the significant progress in photoelectric, photographic, and spectral observations of flare stars. Flare star is a variable star that can undergo unpredictable dramatic increases in brightness for a few minutes believed to be due to extremely intense flares. This book is composed of 16 chapters and begins with an overview of flare stars and the hypothesis of infrared photon transformation. The succeeding chapters deal with the inverse Compton Effect, X-ray radiation and the theory of the transition radiation and its importance to the T Tauri type stars and peculiar objects. These topics are followed by analysis of the photometric and colorimetric flare data based on the fast-electron hypothesis. Other chapters consider the theory of the chromophore of flare stars and the general laws for the behavior of flare stars in stellar association and for T Tauri type stars. The remaining chapters explore the observational data that have shed light on the problems of radio emission and flare dynamics. These chapters also describe the great cosmogonic importance of stellar flares, particularly for understanding the nature and the true character of energy sources within the stars. This book will be of great value to astronomers and researchers.

  • The Psychological Experiment

    A Practical Accomplishment
    • 1st Edition
    • Harold B. Pepinsky + 1 more
    • English
    The Psychological Experiment: A Practical Accomplishment is a collection of experimental studies focusing on encounters between two persons, purportedly corresponding to “counseling” and “negotiation” in daily life. The book presents clear and pertinent exhibits in the comparative analysis of daily occurring social phenomena, useful to persons in the social and behavioral sciences. Chapter 1 sets the basic framework and theme for the psychological experiments that will follow. Chapters 2 to 7 are the actual experiments with comments and interpretations from the editors. Chapter 8 provides retrospective analysis of experimental topics that are presented in the book. Psychologists, sociologists, researchers, and students in the field of behavioral sciences will find the text invaluable.

  • Existing Mechanisms of Arms Control

    • 1st Edition
    • Wayland Young
    • English
    Existing Mechanisms of Arms Control compiles papers about the international control and inspection of weapons. This compilation deals with the analogy, imagination, and experience on arms control or disarmament gained in the operation of existing mechanisms for the international control of warlike materials, principally fissile materials. The topics discussed include Western European Union; United States’ bilateral safeguards system; European Atomic Energy Community; European Nuclear Energy Agency; International Atomic Energy Agency; and conclusion on atoms for peace and atoms for war. This publication is beneficial to students and individuals researching on the international control of weapons.

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