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Books in Physical sciences and engineering

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    • VLSI Metallization

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 15
      • December 1, 2014
      • Norman G. Einspruch + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 0 4 3 8 3
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 1 7 8 1 9
      VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 15: VLSI Metallization discusses the various issues and problems related to VLSI metallization. It details the available solutions and presents emerging trends. This volume is comprised of 10 chapters. The two introductory chapters, Chapter 1 and 2 serve as general references for the electrical and metallurgical properties of thin conducting films. Subsequent chapters review the various aspects of VLSI metallization. The order of presentation has been chosen to follow the common processing sequence. In Chapter 3, some relevant metal deposition techniques are discussed. Chapter 4 presents the methods of VLSI lithography and etching. Conducting films are first deposited at the gate definition step; therefore, the issues related to gate metallization are discussed next in Chapter 5.In Chapter 6, contact metallization is elaborated, and Chapter 7 is devoted to multilevel metallization schemes. Long-time reliability is the subject of Chapter 8, which discusses the issues of contact and interconnect electromigration. GaAs metallization is tackled in Chapter 9. The volume concludes with a general discussion of the functions of interconnect systems in VLSI. Materials scientists, processing and design engineers, and device physicists will find the book very useful.

    • Best Synthetic Methods

      • 1st Edition
      • December 1, 2014
      • Chris Timperley
      • English
      • Hardback
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 9 8 2 1 2 0
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 0 8 1 0 1 5 8 0 3
      • eBook
        9 7 8 0 0 8 0 9 8 2 2 4 3
      Best Synthetic Methods: Organophosphorus (V) Chemistry provides systematic coverage of the most common classes of pentavalent organophosphorus compounds and reagents (including phosphonyl, phosphoryl, and organophosphates), and allows researchers an easy point of entry into this complex and economically important field. The book follows the Best Synthetic Methods format, containing practical methods, synthetic tips, and shortcuts. Where relevant, articles include toxicity data and historical context for the reactions. Typical analytical and spectroscopic data are also presented to enable scientists to identify key compound characteristics. The book is a valuable companion to research chemists in both academia and industry, summarizing the best practical methods (often originating in difficult-to-access, foreign-language primary literature) in one place. It is ideally suited for those working on industrial applications of these compounds, including insecticides, herbicides, flame retardants, and plasticizers.

    • Advances in Cell Culture

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 7
      • December 1, 2014
      • Karl Maramorosch + 1 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 0 1 6 4 1
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 1 5 0 7 5
      Advances in Cell Culture, Volume 7 is a compilation of research papers in the field of cell culture. The contributions reflect the applications of in vitro techniques of cell culture to biotechnology, reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of the methods. This volume covers the cultivation of fish and crustacean cells; gene transfer in insect cells; and the study of bacterial protein toxins using vertebrate cells. The fusion of plant protoplasts by electromanipulation; anther and microspore cultivation; gene transfer to induce morphogenesis; formation of phenolic compounds in cells and tissues in vitro; and new media and culture systems for the large-scale production of insect cells are discussed as well. Also included in the book is a biographical sketch of the 1986 Nobel Laureate Rita Levi-Montalcini, the developmental biologist who identified the nerve growth factor (NGF), a protein that is necessary for the growth, development, and maintenance of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system and, apparently, also in the brain. Cell biologists and researchers who use in vitro techniques will find the book highly informative and insightful.

    • Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 2
      • December 1, 2014
      • D. Perlman
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 0 1 2 0 4 0 3 0 2 8
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 1 3 8 0 4
      Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes, Volume 2 focuses on fermentation research and developments. This book discusses the production of fermentable sugars from cellulosic materials, fermentation products from cellulosic materials, and models and methods for computer control of fermenters. The kinetic hysteresis in enzyme and fermentation systems, immobilization methods, and process control on cultivation of microorganisms are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the yeast-derived products, nuclear modified cephalosporins, and biosynthetic pathways and metabolic regulation. Other topics include the microbial transformations of antibiotics and cytotoxic and antitumor compounds from fermentations. This volume is a good source for students and specialists conducting work on the significant developments concerning fermentation processes.

    • VLSI Electronics

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 4
      • December 1, 2014
      • Norman G. Einspruch
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 0 4 2 8 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 1 7 7 1 0
      VLSI Electronics: Microstructure Science, Volume 4 reviews trends for the future of very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics and the scientific base that supports its development. This book discusses the silicon-on-insulator for VLSI and VHSIC, X-ray lithography, and transient response of electron transport in GaAs using the Monte Carlo method. The technology and manufacturing of high-density magnetic-bubble memories, metallic superlattices, challenge of education for VLSI, and impact of VLSI on medical signal processing are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the impact of VLSI technology on the design of intelligent measurement instruments and systems. This volume is valuable to scientists and engineers who wish to become familiar with VLSI electronics, device designers concerned with the fundamental character of and limitations to device performance, systems architects who will be charged with tying VLSI circuits together, and engineers conducting work on the utilization of VLSI circuits in specific areas of application.

    • Advances in Control Systems

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 5
      • December 1, 2014
      • C. T. Leondes
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 7 8 8 5 1
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 9 4 6 6 0
      Advances in Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Volume 5 provides information pertinent to the significant progress in the field of control and systems theory and applications. This book presents the problem of the optimal control of a system. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the fundamental conditions in the calculus of variations that are basic to the optimal control problem. This text then examines one of the basic problems in control and systems theory in general. Other chapters consider a number of rather basic results in optimal nonlinear filtering and describe the characteristic function of the state of vector of a nonlinear system. This book discusses as well a significant application area of control and systems theory, which is the optimal control of nuclear reactors. The final chapter deals with optimal control with bounds on the state variables. This book is a valuable resource for practicing engineers.

    • Advances in Control Systems

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 1
      • December 1, 2014
      • C. T. Leondes
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 7 8 8 4 4
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 9 4 6 5 3
      Advances in Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Volume 1 provides information pertinent to the significant progress in the field of automatic control. This book presents several fundamental approaches to algorithms for the determination of optimum control inputs to a system. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the optimal method of controlling a given system with respect to the given criterion of performance. This text then summarizes some of the basic results of the maximum principle and illustrates how they may be exploited in control system studies. Other chapters consider the fundamental approach underlying almost all the existing works on the control of distributed parameter systems. This book discusses as well some important concepts in the theory of optimal control. The final chapter deals with the problem of controlling processes under the condition of uncertain changes in the process to be controlled. This book is a valuable resource for practicing engineers, applied mathematicians, and scientists.

    • Beam Processing Technologies

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 21
      • December 1, 2014
      • Norman G. Einspruch + 2 more
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 0 4 4 2 0
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 1 7 8 5 7
      Beam Processing Technologies is a collection of papers that deals with the miniaturization of devices that will be faster, consume less power, and cost less per operation or fabrication. One paper discusses metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit technology including the operation of devices whose lateral and vertical dimensions are scaled down. If the devices' silicon doping profiles are increased by the same scale factor, they can operate on lower voltages and currents, with the same performance. Another paper describes laser beam processing and wafer-scale integration as techniques to increase the number of devices on a silicon chip. Electron beam technologies can be used in many fabrication processes such as in microlithography, selective oxidation, doping, metrology. Ion beam applications depend on the presence of the ion introduced into the device (e.g. implantation doping), on pseudoelastic collisions (e.g. physical sputtering or crystal damage), and on inelastic scattering (e.g. polymer resist exposure). Silicon molecular beam epitaxy (SiMBE) can also grow high-quality layers at low temperature, particularly concerning germanium, especially as reagrds the growth system design and utilization of n- and p-type doping. Chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) is another epitaxial growth technique that can surpass MBE and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MO-CVD). The collection is suitable chemical engineers, industrial physicists, and researchers whose work involve micro-fabrication and development of integrated circuits.

    • VLSI and Computer Architecture

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 20
      • December 1, 2014
      • Ravi Shankar + 1 more
      • Norman G. Einspruch
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 0 4 4 1 3
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 1 7 8 4 0
      VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science, Volume 20: VLSI and Computer Architecture reviews the approaches in design principles and techniques and the architecture for computer systems implemented in VLSI. This volume is divided into two parts. The first section is concerned with system design. Chapters under this section focus on the discussion of such topics as the evolution of VLSI; system performance and processor design considerations; and VLSI system design and processing tools. Part II of the book focuses on the architectural possibilities that have become cost effective with the development of VLSI circuits. Topics on architectural requirements and various architectures such as the Reduced Instruction Set, Extended Von Neumann, Language-Oriented, and Microprogrammable architectures are elaborated in detail. Also included are chapters that discuss the evaluation of architecture, multiprocessing configurations, and the future of VLSI. Computer designers, those evaluating computer systems, researchers, and students of computer architecture will find the book very useful.

    • Advances in Space Science and Technology

      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 10
      • December 1, 2014
      • Frederick I. Ordway
      • English
      • Paperback
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 0 2 3 0 3
      • eBook
        9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 1 5 7 3 0
      Advances in Space Science and Technology, Volume 10 provides information pertinent to the developments in space science and technology. This book discusses the logistic and shelter construction, environment, and transportation aspects of Antarctic and lunar exploration. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the comparison of the lunar exploration program with the exploration of Antarctica. This text then explores the surface geology of the planet Mars wherein the study emphasizes that water erosion transport does not exist, that an oxidizing atmosphere is absent, and that wind erosion must be minimal. Other chapters consider the problems associated with navigation aboard spaceships traveling between the stars. This book discusses as well the inadequacy of space communication systems as a means of providing an instantaneous and uninterrupted service. The final chapter deals with predictions about the utility of space flight. This book is a valuable resource for readers who are interested in space science and technology.

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