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Books in Physical sciences and engineering

  • Hydraulic fracture geometry characterization based on distributed fiber optic strain measurements

    Modeling and Field Data for Unconventional and Geothermal Wells
    • 1st Edition
    • Kan Wu + 3 more
    • English
    Distributed fiber optic strain measurements, revolutionizing subsurface monitoring and hydraulic fracture characterization, offers a resource for geophysicists, reservoir engineers, and completion engineers. This cutting-edge technology leads the way in innovation with its ability to detect rock deformation and changes in strain along optical fibers, providing exceptional spatial resolution and measurement sensitivity. Its applications are broad and impactful, ranging from monitoring subsurface carbon storage and enhancing geothermal systems to advancing unconventional reservoir development. Despite the technology's advancements, accurately interpreting data of strain measurement from the hydraulic fracturing process poses a significant challenge due to the complex conditions in the subsurface. This book presents a comprehensive approach for analyzing strain responses from both horizontal and vertical monitoring wells to quantify hydraulic fracture propagation and the evolution of fracture geometry. The development of a forward geomechanics model significantly enhance the understanding of the field data. The introduction of a groundbreaking inversion model allows for in-depth data analysis and maximizes the dataset's value. Moreover, this book applies its findings through two field studies in unconventional reservoirs, illustrating the practical application of the technology. These case studies highlight effective field data interpretation and the critical insights that can be obtained. This book aims to elucidate data interpretation and analysis of complex subsurface measurements related to hydraulic fracture propagation, providing engineers with a novel perspective on subsurface exploration.

  • Towards Neuromorphic Machine Intelligence

    Spike-Based Representation, Learning, and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Hong Qu + 2 more
    • English
    Towards Neuromorphic Machine Intelligence: Spike-Based Representation, Learning, and Applications provides readers with in-depth understanding of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), which is a burgeoning research branch of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), AI, and Machine Learning that sits at the heart of the integration between Computer Science and Neural Engineering. In recent years, neural networks have re-emerged in relation to AI, representing a well-grounded paradigm rooted in disciplines from physics and psychology to information science and engineering.This book represents one of the established cross-over areas where neurophysiology, cognition, and neural engineering coincide with the development of new Machine Learning and AI paradigms. There are many excellent theoretical achievements in neuron models, learning algorithms, network architecture, and so on. But these achievements are numerous and scattered, with a lack of straightforward systematic integration, making it difficult for researchers to assimilate and apply. As the third generation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) simulate the neuron dynamics and information transmission in a biological neural system in more detail, which is a cross-product of computer science and neuroscience. The primary target audience of this book is divided into two categories: artificial intelligence researchers who know nothing about SNNs, and researchers who know a lot about SNNs. The former needs to acquire fundamental knowledge of SNNs, but the challenge is that much of the existing literature on SNNs only slightly mentions the basic knowledge of SNNs, or is too superficial, and this book gives a systematic explanation from scratch. The latter needs learning about some novel research achievements in the field of SNNs, and this book introduces the latest research results on different aspects of SNNs and provides detailed simulation processes to facilitate readers' replication. In addition, the book introduces neuromorphic hardware architecture as a further extension of the SNN system.The book starts with the birth and development of SNNs, and then introduces the main research hotspots, including spiking neuron models, learning algorithms, network architectures, and neuromorphic hardware. Therefore, the book provides readers with easy access to both the foundational concepts and recent research findings in SNNs.

  • Handbook of Thermosetting Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels

    From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Prasanth Raghavan + 3 more
    • English
    Handbook of Thermosetting Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications presents the latest knowledge on the preparation, characterization, properties, and applications of thermoset foams, aerogels, and hydrogels.This book begins by introducing thermoset foams, aerogels, and hydrogels, their characteristics, current applications, potential for further development, and environmental impact. This is followed by three sections, each focusing on foams, aerogels, and hydrogels developed from a specifi c thermosetting polymer category, covering polyurethane, epoxy resins, and formaldehyde. In each section, detailed coverage guides the reader through the preparation, structure, characterization, properties, processing, and applications of foams, aerogels, and hydrogels based on that material, as well as addressing key challenges in terms of design, processing, and implementation, and possible solutions.This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students with an interest in thermoset lightweight materials, across the disciplines of polymer science, chemistry, nanotechnology, materials science, and engineering. This is also of interest to R&D professionals, engineers, and scientists working with foams, hydrogels, and aerogels for a range of applications and industries.

  • Clay Science in Drilling and Drilling Fluids

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • Guanzheng Zhuang + 1 more
    • English
    Clay Science in Drilling and Drilling Fluids starts from the fundamentals of clay science and drilling and then comprehensively presents the advances of clay science related to drilling, drilling fluids, and clay products. The topics combine to present the whole picture of fundamental research and industrial applications of clays and clay minerals in drilling operations, which is of general interest to researchers and engineers working in related fields. This book covers the different levels of clay science in drilling and drilling fluids, i.e., from fundamentals to the latest research results, applications, and commercial products.Oil and gas are the primary sources of energy in human society and the foundation of the petrochemical industry. However, extracting these resources present a number of drilling challenges, including high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), offshore drilling, high angle drilling, and even horizontal drilling, among others. As a result, it is crucial to develop advanced drilling and drilling fluid technologies that speak to these challenges.

  • Laser Propulsion in Space

    Fundamentals, Technology, and Future Missions
    • 1st Edition
    • Claude Phipps
    • English
    Space launches have evoked the same vivid image for decades: bright orange flames exploding beneath a rocket as it lifts off and thunders into the sky. An alternative acceleration system could reshape that vision forever, with rockets leaving their energy source on the ground... or in space.Laser Propulsion in Space: Fundamentals, Technology, and Future Missions takes readers on a comprehensive journey from the theoretical overview of propulsion fundamentals, to reviews of current projects involving high-power CW fiber lasers and energetic mm-wave sources with their ongoing and potential end-use applications in beamed energy propulsion (BEP). Written by experts in the field, this mathematically sound reference text also highlights graphical solutions of equations’ results, as well as case studies with worked-out examples, making this book an invaluable compendium for students, researchers, technology developers and futurists in understanding the promise and challenges of this emerging technology.

  • Magnetic Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine

    • 1st Edition
    • Kai Wu + 1 more
    • English
    Magnetic Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine provides readers with the fundamental theories and principles of magnetic materials, the synthesis and surface functionalization strategies of MNPs, and the standard techniques for characterizing physicochemical properties of MNPs. Other sections review MNP-based therapies such as magnetic hyperthermia therapy, drug/gene delivery, and magnetic neurostimulation and cover MNP-based in vitro and in vivo disease diagnosis, respectively, including techniques such as magnetoresistive (MR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) biosensing platforms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic particle imaging (MPI).Final chapters address biocompatibility and safety issues in applying MNPs to in vivo biomedical applications, including coverage of the toxicity of MNPs to human tissues, the immune responses of the human body to these particles, as well as blood circulation time of MNPs.

  • Nanotechnology to Monitor, Remedy, and Prevent Pollution

    • 1st Edition
    • Muhammad Bilal + 4 more
    • English
    For decades an increasingly rapid urbanization pace, modern industrial development, and constantly intensive agricultural practices have caused controlled or uncontrolled release of hazardous contaminants that seriously threaten our environment. All natural spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and anthroposphere) seem to have been exposed to harmful practices and emerging research in nanomaterials is now trying to combat their adverse impact on physical ecosystems and organisms, as well as human health. In this context, pollution remediation at the nanoscale has come to the forefront for its potential to unlock sustainable, highly efficient, and cost-effective technologies, capable to restore in situ or ex situ land, water, and air resources.Nanotechno... to Monitor, Remedy, and Prevent Pollution covers design, fabrication, and extensive applications of engineered nanostructured materials in various shapes and morphologies (such as nanoparticles, wires, tubes, fibres) that, because of their size, surface-to-volume ratio, and high reactivity, function as catalysts and adsorbents of organic pollutants (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons), gases, chemicals (arsenic, manganese, iron, nitrate, heavy metals), antibiotics, and biological entities (bacteria, viruses, parasites). Their integration with biotechnological processes for monitoring and prevention of pollution is also explored alongside the invisible dangers caused by noise.This is a valuable book for academics, researchers, undergraduate and postgraduate students working on environmental engineering for sustainability, environmental sciences, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. 

  • The Path to Green Concrete

    • 1st Edition
    • Jorge de Brito + 2 more
    • English
    The Path to Green Concrete will enlighten the scientific community on recent developments in this field. Within this volume, world-renowned experts summarize recent research findings covering key topics such as: alkali-activated materials using aluminosilicate waste precursors; use of novel cost-effective and eco-efficient supplementary cementitious materials; state of the art characterization techniques and assessment methodologies; advances on the use of biomass ashes, steel slags and waste glass; the role of carbon capture in the production of concrete and mortar; development of eco-efficient composites for specialized applications; recycling of the fine fraction of construction and demolition wastes; and sustainable self-healing concrete.This book will be a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, civil and structural engineers, manufacturers, and other construction professionals working in the development of sustainable construction materials.

  • Bioactive Materials for Soft Tissue Regeneration

    • 1st Edition
    • Jiang Chang + 2 more
    • English
    Bioactive Materials for Soft Tissue Regeneration covers human tissue and its classification as hard tissue such as bone and soft tissue like skin, muscle, tendon, blood vessel, nerve etc., and including organs such as heart, liver, lung. Regenerative medicine deals with both hard tissue and soft tissue regeneration and is one of the most important part of the modern medicine with significant clinical needs including general surgery, plastic surgery, burn and wound healing, cardiovascular disease treatments. Based on the authors’ previous research and review of the international advances in hard tissue regeneration, this book focuses on the hard tissue regeneration using bioactive materials.Sections cover biomaterials for entire human tissue regeneration, which is key important for research and development in the field of biomedical engineering and the medical device industry. Readers will find this to be a comprehensive review of the most updated advances of the research in bioactive materials for soft tissue repair and regeneration, along with perspectives for future directions of research and development in this field.

  • Functionalized Nanomaterials for Biosensing and Bioelectronics Applications

    Trends and Challenges
    • 1st Edition
    • Sudheesh K. Shukla + 3 more
    • English
    Functionalized Nanomaterials for Biosensing and Bioelectronics Applications: Trends and Challenges describes current and future opportunities for integrating the unique properties of two-dimensional nanomaterials with bioelectronic interfaces. Sections focus on background information and fundamental concepts, review the available functionalized nanomaterials and their properties, explore the integration of functionalized nanomaterials with bioelectronics, including available fabrication and characterization methods, electrical behavior at the interface, and design and synthesis guidelines, and review examples of microsystems where functionalized nanomaterials are being integrated with bioelectronics. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in academia and R&D working in materials science and engineering, analytical chemistry, and related fields.

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