Polymer Electrolyte-Based Electrochemical Devices

1st Edition - September 8, 2023
Editors: Massimiliano Lo Faro, Sabrina Campagna Zignani
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 7 8 4 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 5 9 0 - 4

Polymer Electrolyte–Based Electrochemical Devices: Advances, provides a complete overview of the theoretical and applied aspects of energy-related polymer electroly… Read more

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Polymer Electrolyte–Based Electrochemical Devices: Advances, provides a complete overview of the theoretical and applied aspects of energy-related polymer electrolyte-based technologies. The book presents detailed thermodynamic and other basic requirements for smart materials like fuel cells, electrolyzers, batteries, sensors and devices for the abatement of pollutants. Delving into the physical-chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of smart materials, it covers fundamental analysis and modeling to optimize the application of smart materials in terms of conductivity, chemical stability and kinetic properties. Detailed protocols for operation are suggested and discussed, including component development to optimize functionality, cost and upscaling.

By exploring examples of actual prototypes based on recent research findings, analyzing requirements and cost estimate for large-scale production and implementation, as well as for their integration into existing systems, the environmental impact of multiple electrochemical applications is also examined.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
About the editors
Acknowledgment
Chapter 1. Advanced fundamentals and thermodynamics of electrochemical devices
Abstract
Outline
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic principles of the fuel cell
1.3 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
1.4 Membrane electrode assembly
1.5 Theoretical aspects of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell
1.6 Efficiency
1.7 Kinetic of the reactions
1.8 Associative mechanism in basic media
1.9 Oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts
1.10 Proton exchange membrane electrolysis
1.11 Three-phase boundary in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers
1.12 Durability of materials in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers
1.13 Conclusions
References
Chapter 2. Advanced electrochemical methods for characterization of proton exchange membrane electrocatalysts
Abstract
Outline
2.1 Introduction and principles
2.2 Methods
References
Chapter 3. Smart electrolytes: materials, durability, and degradation issues
Abstract
Outline
3.1 General overview
3.2 The importance of the electrolyte in the electrochemical cells
3.3 Cationic exchange membranes
3.4 Anion exchange membranes
3.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4. Smart electrodes: materials, durability, and degradation issues
Abstract
Outline
4.1 Electrolyzer: electrode
4.2 Super cap: porous electrode
4.3 Fuel cell: catalyst layer
References
Chapter 5. Electrolysers-benchmark, modeling, stacking, applications, control and economics
Abstract
Outline
5.1 Background: polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers and competing electrolysis technologies
5.2 Applications
5.3 Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers performance benchmarks
5.4 System components including balance of plant
5.5 Cell construction, stack assembly, and stack configuration
5.6 Modeling of electrolyzer for practical purposes
5.7 General considerations regarding control
5.8 Planning, testing, and commissioning
5.9 Prevention of aging
5.10 Economics
References
Chapter 6. Electrochemical supercapacitors: an overview on analysis and modeling
Abstract
Outline
6.1 Introduction to supercapacitors
6.2 Preliminary studies for choice of conducting polymers
6.3 Analysis of supercapacitor performance
6.4 Factors influencing the supercapacitor behavior
6.5 Modeling of supercapacitors
6.6 Perspectives and summary
References
Chapter 7. Overview of flow batteries as a new class of polymeric-membrane type device
Abstract
Outline
7.1 Introduction: from static to flow battery transition
7.2 Redox flow batteries
7.3 Screening of flow batteries
7.4 Polymer membrane electrolyte
7.5 Electrodes
7.6 Prototype of flow batteries
7.7 Strategies for testing flow batteries
7.8 Market review
7.9 Emerging technologies: solar rechargeable redox flow batteries
7.10 Conclusion and remarks
References
Chapter 8. Devices for the abatement of pollutants—benchmark, modeling, stacking, applications, and control
Abstract
Outline
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Principles of electrochemistry for wastewater treatment
8.3 Polymer-based electrochemical cells for water treatments
8.4 Integration of electrochemical systems with renewable energy sources
8.5 Market benchmark in wastewater treatment
8.6 Perspectives and challenges
References
Chapter 9. Electrochemical hydrogen compressor-benchmark
Abstract
Outline
9.1 Introduction of hydrogen electrochemical compression
9.2 Thermodynamics—electrochemical basics concepts
9.3 Membrane-electrode assembly
9.4 Ion transport properties in hydrogen electrochemical compression
9.5 Hydrogen electrochemical compressor-benchmark
9.6 Control and test system, applications and configuration of multiple flow inlet hydrogen electrochemical compressor
References
Index

Massimiliano Lo Faro

Massimiliano Lo Faro is currently the leader of the SOFC research plan and activities at CNR-ITAE. He is particularly interested in the development of materials and components for Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells (SOCs) that operate between 400 °C and 800 °C. In his research over the past two decades, he has demonstrated that i) fuel cells can generate power with high efficiency (SOFCs) using directly dry biofuels, ii) hydrogen or synthetic fuels can be generated by electrolyzing H2O or co-electrolyzing H2O and CO2 (SOECs), and iii) Fe-air batteries can be used to store electricity with excellent round-trip efficiency and at very low cost. Over the course of his career, he has been a visiting scientist and lecturer abroad for short-medium periods. CNPq granted him a grant to spend two months per year at the University of Sao Paulo as a "Special Visiting Researcher" for four years (processo nº402180/2012-7). The FAPESP granted him two contracts 2018/02172 -7 (2018) and 2022/00818-2 (2022) for spending a bimester at the University of Sao Carlos, two short-term mobility financed by CNR for a period of 21 days at the University of Thessaly in 2005 and at U of Lille in 2021, one in Mexico (U. of Zacates and CIDETEQ) in 2009 and one in Lubjana in 2019 both financed by MAECI, one in Sofia in 2020 financed by a bilateral agreement between CNR-BAS. In recognition of his research on solid oxide electrochemical cells, he received the H2Roma Award (2012) and three Dokiya Fund Awards (2009, 2007, 2005). His membership in scientific organizations includes ISE, ECS, and SCI. From 2010 to 2012, he served as the chair of SCIGiovani. Among various conferences organized, he was chair of GEI2012, HYPOTHESIS XIV, ROUNDTABLE on HYDROGEN in LATIN-AMERICA-2019, ICH2P-2021, and the Italy-Brazil R2B workshop-2021.

Affiliations and expertise

Researcher, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies “Nicola Giordano” (ITAE), Salita S. Lucia sopra, Messina, Italy

Sabrina Campagna Zignani

Sabrina Campagna Zignani graduated from UNICS (Brazil) in Science Chemistry in 2005, and went on to obtain her PhD at the Institute of Chemistry (IQSC) Sao Paulo-Brazil (USP) in 2013. Moreover, she completed a postdoctoral research project at CNR-ITAE, funded by CNPQ (grant n° 238319/2012-1) by developing materials for direct alcohol fuel cells and demonstrating these devices under practical operation, acquiring expertise in synthesis methods, advanced equipment for investigating materials, devices and analysis of outlet streams. Currently, she is a permanent researcher at CNR-ITAE, developing electrochemical devices based on zero-gap cells using acidic and alkaline electrolytes for electrolysis applications. Recent accomplishments include the development of catalysts for AEM electrolysers, as well as their synthesis and physicochemical characterization in the framework of EU funded projects such as ECO2FUEL project grant n° 01037389 (2021-2025), ANIONE project grant n° 875024 (2020–2023) and LOTERCO2M project grant n° 761093 (2018–2022)

Affiliations and expertise

Researcher, CNR-ITAE, Italy

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