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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Physics of Dielectrics for the Engineer

    • 1st Edition
    • Roland Coelho
    • English
    Physics of Dielectrics for the Engineer is a systematic attempt to clarify and correlate advanced concepts underlying the physics of dielectrics. It reviews the basics of electrostatics, the different models for the polarizability of atoms and molecules, and the macroscopic permittivity. It also discusses the behavior of matter in an alternating field in relation to complex permittivity, the interactions between field and matter, dissipative effects under high electric fields, the wide-gap semiconductor model, the types of charge carriers, and the main disruptive processes. Organized into three parts encompassing 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the physical concepts involved in the behavior of insulating materials subjected to high electric fields. It then explores the potential of a group of charges, and dipoles induced in an applied field. The book explains statistical theories of dipole orientation in an applied field and theories relating molecular and macroscopic quantities. The propagation of an electromagnetic wave, dipole relaxation of defects in crystal lattices, and space-charge polarization and relaxation are also discussed. The book explains the uni-dimensional polar lattice, intrinsic and impurity conduction in wide-gap semiconductors, thermal runaway, and collision breakdown. Many problems with corresponding solutions are included to assist the reader. This book will benefit electrical engineers, as well as electrical engineering students, scientists, and technicians.

  • Internal Conversion Coefficients for Multipolarities E1,…, E4, M1,…, M4

    • 1st Edition
    • Katharine Way
    • English
    Atomic and Nuclear Data Reprints, Volume 1: Internal Conversion Coefficients: For Multipolarities E1,. . ., E4, M1,. . ., M4 covers a complete set of values for the internal conversion coefficients. This volume provides a compact tool for the analysis of nuclear radiations. This book contains four chapters and starts with a presentation of values of the internal conversion coefficient, number of electrons per photon emitted in a nuclear transition, from relativistic self-consistent-fiel... calculation, which takes into account finite nuclear size, hole and exchange effects, experimental electron binding energies, and vacuum polarization. The next two chapters provide the conversion coefficients for the four lowest electric and magnetic nuclear transition multipoles, E1 . . . E4, M1 . . . M4, for electrons in the K- , L - , and M-shells and L-, M-, and N-subshells as a function of nuclear-transition or gamma-ray energy. The last chapter presents the K- and L-shell internal conversion coefficients for transition energies above 1 MeV.

  • Proceedings of the Seventeenth Assembly of the European Seismological Commission

    • 1st Edition
    • E. Bisztricsany
    • English

  • Chemical Compounds in The Atmosphere

    • 1st Edition
    • T Graedel
    • English
    Chemical Compounds in the Atmosphere deals with the chemistry of organic and inorganic compounds found in the atmosphere, including rare gases and compounds of oxygen and hydrogen, halogenated aromatic compounds, and organometallic compounds. The sources and concentrations of atmospheric trace gases are discussed, along with their chemical reactions and ultimate fates. The compounds are divided into groups on the basis of chemical constituent or chemical structure. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book opens with an overview of atmospheric composition and atmospheric chemistry, followed by a discussion on inorganic compounds present in the troposphere such as rare gases and compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The next chapters focus on hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes; carbonyl compounds such as ketones and aldehydes; oxygenated and nitrogen- and sulfur-containing organic compounds; organic halogenated compounds such as mercaptans and thiocyanates; and organometallic compounds such as organophosphorus pesticides. The final chapter is a synthesis of data on atmospheric compounds mentioned in this text, with emphasis on their occurrence, sources, oxidation, and lifetimes. The chemistry of acid rain is also considered. This monograph will be of value to those engaged in atmospheric measurements, theoretical and laboratory studies of chemical parameters relevant to the atmosphere, and air quality assessments.

  • Physics of Radiation Effects in Crystals

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 13
    • R.A. Johnson + 1 more
    • English
    ``Physics of Radiation Effects in Crystals'' is presented in two parts. The first part covers the general background and theory of radiation effects in crystals, including the theory describing the generation of crystal lattice defects by radiation, the kinetic approach to the study of the disposition of these defects and the effects of the diffusion of these defects on alloy compositions and phases. Specific problems of current interest are treated in the second part and include anisotropic dimensional changes in x-uranium, zirconium and graphite, acceleration of thermal creep in reactor materials, and radiation damage of semiconductors and superconductors.

  • Silicon Molecular Beam Epitaxy

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10A
    • Erwin Kasper + 1 more
    • English
    This two-volume work covers recent developments in the single crystal growth, by molecular beam epitaxy, of materials compatible with silicon, their physical characterization, and device application. Papers are included on surface physics and related vacuum synthesis techniques such as solid phase epitaxy and ion beam epitaxy.A selection of contents: Volume I. SiGe Superlattices. SiGe strained layer superlattices (G. Abstreiter). Optical properties of strained GeSi superlattices grown on (001)Ge (T.P. Pearsall et al.). Growth and characterization of SiGe atomic layer superlattices (J.-M. Baribeau et al.). Optical properties of perfect and imperfect SiGe superlattices (K.B. Wong et al.). Confined phonons in stained short-period (001) Si/Ge superlattices (W. Bacsa et al.). Calculation of energies and Raman intensities of confined phonons in SiGe strained layer superlattices (J. White et al.). Rippled surface topography observed on silicon molecular beam epitaxial and vapour phase epitaxial layers (A.J. Pidduck et al.). The 698 meV optical band in MBE silicon (N. de Mello et al.). Silicon Growth Doping. Dopant incorporation kinetics and abrupt profiles during silicon molecular beam epitaxy (J.-E. Sundgren et al.). Influence of substrate orientation on surface segregation process in silicon-MBE (K. Nakagawa et al.). Growth and transport properties of SimSb1 (H. Jorke, H. Kibbel). Author Index. Volume. II. In-situ electron microscope studies of lattice mismatch relaxation in GexSi1-x/Si heterostructures (R. Hull et al.). Heterogeneous nucleation sources in molecular beam epitaxy-grown GexSi1-x/Si strained layer superlattices (D.D. Perovic et al.). Silicon Growth. Hydrogen-terminated silicon substrates for low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (P.J. Grunthaner et al.). Interaction of structure with kinetics in Si(001) homoepitaxy (S. Clarke et al.). Surface step structure of a lens-shaped Si(001) vicinal substrate (K. Sakamoto et al.). Photoluminescence characterization of molecular beam epitaxial silicon (E.C. Lightowlers et al.). Doping. Boron doping using compound source (T. Tatsumi). P-type delta doping in silicon MBE (N.L. Mattey et al.). Modulation-doped superlattices with delta layers in silicon (H.P. Zeindell et al.). Steep doping profiles obtained by low-energy implantation of arsenic in silicon MBE layers (N. Djebbar et al.). Alternative Growth Methods. Limited reaction processing: growth of Si/Si1-xGex for heterojunction bipolar transistor applications (J.L. Hoyt et al.). High gain SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors grown by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (M.L. Green et al.). Epitaxial growth of single-crystalline Si1-xGex on Si(100) by ion beam sputter deposition (F. Meyer et al.). Phosphorus gas doping in gas source silicon-MBE (H. Hirayama, T. Tatsumi). Devices. Narrow band gap base heterojunction bipolar transistors using SiGe alloys (S.S. Iyer et al.). Silicon-based millimeter-wave integrated circuits (J-F. Luy). Performance and processing line integration of a silicon molecular beam epitaxy system (A.A. van Gorkum et al.). Silicides. Reflection high energy electron diffraction study of Cosi2/Si multilayer structures (Q. Ye at al.). Epitaxy of metal silicides (H. von Kanel et al.). Epitaxial growth of ErSi2 on (111)si (D. Loretto et al.). Other Material Systems. Oxygen-doped and nitrogen-doped silicon films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (M. Tabe et al.). Properties of diamond structure SnGe films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (A. Harwit et al.). Si-MBE: Prospects and Challenges. Prospects and challenges for molecular beam epitaxy in silicon very-large-scale integration (W. Eccleston). Prospects and challenges for SiGe strained-layer epitaxy (T.P. Pearsall). Author Index.

  • Elastic Strain Fields and Dislocation Mobility

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 31
    • V.L. Indenbom + 1 more
    • English
    This volume aims to provide a thorough treatment of the phenomena of elastic anisostropy and a discussion on dislocation mobilities. The book presents a wide treatment of these topics, and includes descriptions of detailed theoretical models to describe dislocations and cracks, and moving dislocations. An overview is given of the physical behaviour resulting from dislocation mobility in materials, such as glide and climb, interactions with point defects and the behaviour of dislocations under radiation such as creep and swelling.

  • Solid State Ionics

    • 1st Edition
    • H.L. Tuller + 2 more
    • English
    In recent years Solid State Ionics have attracted considerable interest due to the important role which they may play in the future of microelectronics and eventually in other fields of energy storage. This volume presents papers on the theory, experiments and applications in this field including: New materials; Insertion compounds; Transport; Structure; Polymeric electrolytes; Mixed conductors; Protonic and oxygen conductors; and electrochromics.

  • Transient Waves in Visco-Elastic Media

    • 1st Edition
    • Norman Ricker
    • English
    Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics 10: Transient Waves in Visco-Elastic Media deals with the propagation of transient elastic disturbances in visco-elastic media. More specifically, it explores the visco-elastic behavior of a medium, whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, for very-small-amplitude disturbances. This volume provides a historical overview of the theory of the propagation of elastic waves in solid bodies, along with seismic prospecting and the nature of seismograms. It also discusses the seismic experiments, the behavior of waves propagated in accordance with the Stokes wave equation, and wavelet functions and their polynomials. The book explains the laws of propagation of seismic wavelets and seismic ray paths, as well as the equations of wavelet propagation, the velocity-type seismic wavelet, and the spectrum of the wavelet. It discusses the motion of a mechanical seismograph disturbed by extraneous forces or motions. It also provides information on the differential equation describing the motion of a galvanometer, laboratory studies of wavelet contraction, and characteristics of a wavelet-contractor amplifier. Furthermore, the book explains the experimental studies of the primary seismic disturbance and internal friction. This monograph is a valuable source of information for physicists, students who want to pursue a career in geophysics or selenophysics, and those who actively working in these fields.

  • Superstring Construction

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • A.N. Schellekens
    • English
    The book includes a selection of papers on the construction of superstring theories, mainly written during the years 1984-1987. It covers ten-dimensional supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric strings, four-dimensional heterotic strings and four-dimensional type-II strings. An introduction to more recent developments in conformal field theory in relation to string construction is provided.

  • Radio Astronomy

    • 1st Edition
    • Berni Alder
    • English
    Methods in Computational Physics, Volume 14: Radio Astronomy is devoted to the role of the digital computer both as a control device and as a calculator in addressing problems related to galactic radio noise. This volume contains four chapters and begins with a technical description of the hardware and the special data-handling problems of using radioheliography, with an emphasis on a selection of observational results obtained with the Culgoora radioheliograph and their significance to solar physics and to astrophysics in general. The subsequent chapter examines interstellar dispersion, its influence on time resolution, methods for its measurement, and removing its effect. This chapter also outlines resolution and sampling problems, as well as the computation of the average pulse profile. This chapter surveys also the intensity variations over time scales from microseconds to millions of years and over radio frequency ranges from 40 MHz to 10 GHz. Another chapter highlights the special case of rotational aperture synthesis and its problems, followed by a presentation of data processing necessary to convert the parameters observed with an aperture synthesis telescope into an intensity distribution of part of the sky. The last chapter discusses some data-acquisition and data reduction techniques, as well as some selected problems in data interpretation in spectral-line radio astronomy. This book will be of great importance to geoscientists, physicists, and mathematicians.

  • Ion Implantation Science and Technology

    • 2nd Edition
    • J.F. Ziegler
    • English
    Ion Implantation Science and Technology: Second Edition, just like the first edition, serves as both an introduction and tutorial to the science, techniques, and machines involved in the subject. The book is divided into two parts - Part 1: Ion Implantation Science and Part 2: Ion Implantation Technology. Part 1 covers topics such as the stopping and range of ions in solids; ion implantation damage in silicon; experimental annealing and activation; and the measurement on ion implantation. Part 2 includes ion optics and focusing on implanter design; photoresist problems and particle contamination; ion implantation diagnostics and process control; and emission of ionizing radiation from ion implanters. The text is recommended for engineers who would like to be acquainted with the principles and processes behind ion implantation or make studies on the field.

  • Advances in Microwaves V6

    • 1st Edition
    • Leo Young
    • English
    Advances in Microwaves, Volume 6 is a three-chapter text that explores the fundamental principles of precision coaxial connectors, traveling wave tubes, and junction circulators. Chapter 1 discusses the significant developments in the design, accuracy, and reference standard lines of precision coaxial connectors, with an emphasis on the application of the 7-mm and 14-mm precision coaxial connectors. Chapter 2 examines the stability of strongly modulated beams in a variety of focusing systems, such as uniform magnetic fields (Brillouin and near-Brillouin flow), linearly tapered magnetic fields, and periodic-permanent-m... field systems. Chapter 3 deals with the theoretical aspects and characteristics of all types of junction circulators, with an emphasis on the lumped-element and the stripline circulator. Discussions on a theorem on passive three-port networks and star and delta networks are covered in the supplementary texts.

  • Advances in Magnetic Resonance

    • 1st Edition
    • John Waugh
    • English
    Advances in Magnetic Resonance focuses on the interdisciplinary field of magnetic resonance. Comprised of four chapters, this book discusses collective atomic motions in crystals as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and elaborates Mori's formalism as applied to the spin relaxation theory. It also discusses chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization, magnetic shielding, and magnetic susceptibility. Students and physicists looking for a comprehensive source on magnetic resonance will find this book invaluable.

  • Photonic Probes of Surfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • P. Halevi
    • English
    This volume is devoted principally to optical spectroscopies of material surfaces and also encompasses scattering techniques and theoretical response analysis as well as spectroscopies. In addition to solid surfaces some attention is also devoted to interfaces between two solids, between a solid and a liquid and to a liquid-vapor interface. These surfaces may be clean and perfect, in which case the purpose of the spectroscopical method at hand is to determine the deviation of the atomic structure in the surface region from that in the bulk, namely the surface reconstruction. Otherwise the surface may be imperfect due to roughness, strain or overlayers, in which case the spectroscopy can yield information on the nature of such imperfections, including the monitoring of growth processes. One of the foremost purposes of surface spectroscopies is to extract information on atomic and molecular adsorbates on solid surfaces. Most of the 10 chapters are concerned with photonic sources of excitation, the respective spectral regions ranging from the far infrared to X-rays.In conclusion this book provides a state-of-the-art review of all major types of photonic probes of surfaces and interfaces and deals with both applications and experiment and theory.

  • Quantum Theory of the Solid State A

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Callaway
    • English
    Quantum Theory of the Solid State, Part A, describes the concepts and methods, and introduces some of the central problems of the quantum theory of solids. This work is intended to be a single intellectual unit, although for reasons of convenience it has been divided into two parts. Part A contains much of the formalism required for the theoretical study of solids; Part B is oriented toward more specific problems. The present volume includes phenomenological treatments of lattice vibrations and magnetic order; a discussion of symmetry groups; and a description of the properties of one-electron wave functions and the principal techniques for calculating energy levels. Fairly lengthy bibliographies have been included at the end of each chapter to assist readers in making their way through the more specialized periodical literature. This book should be suitable as a textbook for students who have completed a one-year course in quantum mechanics and have some familiarity with the experimental facts of solid state physics. It should also be useful as a reference work.

  • Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics

    Functional Analysis
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael Reed
    • English
    Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics, Volume I: Functional Analysis discusses the fundamental principles of functional analysis in modern mathematical physics. This book also analyzes the influence of mathematics on physics, such as the Newtonian mechanics used to interpret all physical phenomena. Organized into eight chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the functional analysis in the study of several concrete models. This book then discusses how to generalize the Lebesgue integral to work with functions on the real line and with Borel sets. This text also explores the properties of finite-dimensional vector spaces. Other chapters discuss the normed linear spaces, which have the property of being complete. This monograph further examines the general class of topologized vector spaces and the spaces of distributions that arise in a wide variety of physical problems and functional situations. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians and physicists. Students and researchers in the field of geometry will also find this book extremely useful.

  • Diffusion in Solids

    Recent Developments
    • 1st Edition
    • A.S. Nowick
    • English
    Diffusion in Solids: Recent Developments provides an overview of diffusion in crystalline solids. This book discusses the various aspects of the theory of diffusion. Organized into nine chapters, this volume starts with a discussion on the process of diffusion in solids. This book then examines the tools that supplement the conventional diffusion measurements, including electromigration, ionic conductivity, isotope effects, and vacancy wind effects. This text explores the molecular dynamic calculation by which the interatomic forces must be assumed. Other chapters discuss the method of measurement of the isotope effect on diffusion, which is the most powerful method of determining relevant information about the correlation factor. This volume extensively discusses diffusion in organic and amorphous materials, as well as interstitial diffusion in solids. The final chapter deals with ionic motion and diffusion in various groups of materials called fast ionic conductors. Solid-state physicists, materials scientists, physical chemists, and electrochemists will find this book extremely useful.

  • Subnuclear Phenomena Part A

    • 1st Edition
    • A Zichichi
    • English
    Subnuclear Phenomena, Part A is the first part of the compilation of the proceedings of the seventh Course of the International School of Physics, held in July 1969 in Erice, Italy. The said program is focused on the analyticity and algebraic properties in particle physics. Topics covered in the book include inelastic electron scattering; multiperipheral dynamics; duality and exchange degeneracy; anomalies of currents in Spinor field theories; the quark model and its developments; and the Efimov-Fradkin method in nonlinear field theory. The book also covers other areas such as the normalization of the wave function; causality and relativity; and the Feynman-Wheeler electrodynamics. The text is recommended for physicists, especially those interested in the further study of particle physics.

  • Dynamical Systems and Microphysics

    Control theory and Mechanics
    • 1st Edition
    • Austin Blaquiere
    • English
    Dynamical Systems and Microphysics: Control Theory and Mechanics contains the proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Mathematical Theory of Dynamical Systems and Microphysics held in Udine, Italy, on September 4-9, 1983. The papers explore the mechanics and optimal control of dynamical systems and cover topics ranging from complete controllability and stability to feedback control in general relativity; adaptive control for uncertain dynamical systems; geometry of canonical transformations; and homogeneity in mechanics. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins by discussing the relationship between complete controllability and Poisson stabilizability in relation to to Liapounov stabilizability. The next chapter looks at the conditions that must be met in order to control a dynamical system in an optimal fashion. The theory of optimal feedback control is used as an approach to the dynamics of a mass point in general relativity. The theory of reachability with feedback control is also used as an approach to geometrical optics in the frame of general relativity. The final chapter describes a system theoretic framework for the study of Hamiltonian systems with external forces. This monograph is intended primarily for researchers and graduate students in theoretical physics, mechanics, control and system theory, and mathematics. It may also be read profitably by philosophers of science and, to some extent, by those who have a keen interest in basic questions of contemporary mechanics and physics and who possess some background in the physical and mathematical sciences.

  • Numerical Methods in Weather Prediction

    • 1st Edition
    • G Marchuk
    • English
    Numerical Methods in Weather Prediction focuses on the numerical methods for solving problems of weather prediction and explains the aspect of the general circulation of the atmosphere. This book explores the development in the science of meteorology, which provides investigators with improved means of studying physical processes by mathematical stimulation. Organized into eight chapters, this book starts with an overview of the significant physical factors that are instrumental in enriching the theoretical models of weather prediction. This text then examines the system of hydrodynamic equations and the equation of heat transfer related to large-scale atmospheric processes. Other chapters consider the quasigeostrophic approximation model, which is the basis for concepts of the dynamics of atmospheric motions and instrumental in establishing the basic features and laws of evolution of meteorological variables as applied to large-scale processes. The final chapter deals with the adjustment of the humidity field. This book is a valuable resource for meteorologists.

  • Remote Sensing of atmospheres and Oceans

    • 1st Edition
    • Adarsh Deepak
    • English
    Remote Sensing of Atmospheres and Oceans presents the technical proceedings of a workshop on the interpretation of remotely sensed data, held in Williamsburg, Virginia in May 1979. The main topic of the workshop is the interpretation and assessment of measurements acquired in remote sounding of different atmospheric and ocean parameters. The book contains 25 papers that cover the following topics: remote sounding of atmospheric temperature; trace gases; precipitation and aerosols; sea surface temperature; ocean color; and winds. These papers are grouped into eight parts under major topics such as inversion methods, aerosol sounding, remote sounding, gaseous constituent retrievals, and interpretation of results from space. The text is a valuable source of information to students and professionals in the fields of atmospheric physics, applied science, meteorology, and engineering.

  • Particle Accelerator Design: Computer Programs

    • 1st Edition
    • John Colonias
    • English
    Particle Accelerator Design: Computer Programs describes some of the most important computer programs applicable to the design of particle accelerators. Computer programs that calculate magnetic and electric fields are considered, along with programs that calculate orbits of particles in a magnetic and/or electric field. Some representative programs useful in the design of linear accelerator-type cavities are also discussed. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins with a review of two-dimensional magnetostatic programs, including TRIM, LINDA, NUTCRACKER, MAREC, GRACY, and COILS. The University of Colorado's magnet program is also examined. The next chapter is devoted to programs capable of solving problems relating to the calculation of electrostatic fields in two-dimensional geometries. The reader is also introduced to programs that perform calculations of three-dimensional linear and nonlinear problems, along with programs that employ matrix formalism and integration of equations of motion. The final chapter looks at programs for linear accelerator-type cavities, including CURE, JESSY, MESSYMESH, and AZTEC. This monograph will be a useful resource for physical scientists, engineers, and computer programmers.

  • Subnuclear Phenomena Part B

    • 1st Edition
    • A Zichichi
    • English
    Subnuclear Phenomena, Part B is the second part of the compilation of the proceedings of the seventh Course of the International School of Physics, held in July 1969 in Erice, Italy. The said program is focused on the analyticity and algebraic properties in particle physics. This book includes topics such as leptonic and semileptonic interactions; nonleptonic decays; baryon, nucleon, and meson resonances; inelastic collision of hadrons; and the quark model. Also covered are specialized topics such as the large hydrogen bubble chamber; physics of Ke4 decays; and the dispersion theory. Just like Part A, this part is recommended for physicists, especially those interested in the further study of particle physics.

  • The Optics of Rays, Wavefronts, and Caustics

    • 1st Edition
    • O Stavroudis
    • English
    The Optics of Rays, Wavefronts, and Caustics presents the fundamental principles of geometrical optics and its unique role in modern technology. It also discusses the procedures used in optical design, which are based on geometrical optics. Organized into 16 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the underlying general mathematical facts, which constitute the substance of geometrical optics. It then presents the various techniques used to solve the ray and wavefront problems in general inhomogeneous medium. Other chapters consider the concept of ray tracing as a tool for calculating the principal curvatures of a wavefront as it propagates through a lens. In addition, the book tackles several topics, including the aspects of lens design, as well as a system of equations that are similar to the Maxwell equations. The last chapter deals with orthotomic systems of rays. Optical designers, optical physicists, theoretical physicists, and mathematicians will find the information and methods in this book extremely useful.

  • C, H, N and O in Si and Characterization and Simulation of Materials and Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 56
    • A. Borghesi + 4 more
    • English
    Containing over 200 papers, this volume contains the proceedings of two symposia in the E-MRS series. Part I presents a state of the art review of the topic - Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen in Silicon and in Other Elemental Semiconductors. There was strong representation from the industrial laboratories, illustrating that the topic is highly relevant for the semiconductor industry.The second part of the volume deals with a topic which is undergoing a process of convergence with two concerns that are more particularly application oriented. Firstly, the advanced instrumentation which, through the use of atomic force and tunnel microscopies, high resolution electron microscopy and other high precision analysis instruments, now allows for direct access to atomic mechanisms. Secondly, the technological development which in all areas of applications, particularly in the field of microelectronics and microsystems, requires as a result of the miniaturisation race, a precise mastery of the microscopic mechanisms.

  • Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting

    • 1st Edition
    • Donald Horrocks
    • English
    Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting deals with liquid scintillation counting and its applications in fields such as the biosciences, medicine, environmental and space sciences, chemistry, and physics. These applications include dual-labeled counting; Cerenkov counting; radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescence and bioluminescence; pulse shape discrimination; flow cell counting; and large-volume counters. This book is comprised of 18 chapters and begins with a historical overview of the liquid scintillation method, the first liquid scintillation counters, and early scintillator solutes. The following chapters focus on the theory of liquid scintillation counting; the components of the liquid scintillator solution; and the development of the liquid scintillation counter and multiplier phototubes. The discussion then turns to the detection and measurement of different types of particles produced by radionuclides using liquid scintillation techniques; the techniques and problems of sample preparations (homogeneous and heterogeneous); oxidation techniques; and importance and difference of several types of counting vials. The sources of quenching in counting samples and methods of monitoring and correction for variable quench within samples are also considered. Several special applications of liquid scintillation techniques are presented, including dual-labeled counting, radioimmunoassay, and flow cell counting. In conclusion, the statistical considerations involved in determining the reliability and accuracy of data obtained by nuclear counting techniques are highlighted. This monograph will serve as a reliable source of information for those who are already using or starting to use liquid scintillation counting techniques.

  • Focusing of Charged Particles V1

    • 1st Edition
    • Albert Septier
    • English
    Focusing of Charged Particles, Volume I, explains the focusing principles needed to guide the beams of fast particles over long distances and to increase the internal efficiency of particle accelerators. This book discusses the geometrical corpuscular optics as well as the methods for computing fields. Comprised of two parts encompassing two chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the general properties of potentials, fields, and trajectories. This book then examines the methods for resolving Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations, as well as computing trajectories with or without space charge. Other chapters describe the methods used for the measurement of magnetic field. This text discusses as well the optics of straight axis systems for focusing and producing low-intensity beams. The final chapter deals with the particular and very delicate problem of the production of electron microbes. Engineers, students, and researchers working with charged particles will find this book extremely useful.

  • Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy 2e

    • 1st Edition
    • Marc Levenson
    • English
    Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy, Revised Edition presents the most useful nonlinear spectroscopy techniques at a level accessible to spectroscopists and graduate students unfamiliar with nonlinear optics. This book discusses the principles of nonlinear laser spectroscopy. Organized into seven chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the stimulated Raman effect and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, which can be used in a varied way to generate radiation in the ultraviolet and vacuum-ultraviolet areas. This text then explains the exciting possibilities started by saturated absorption and related techniques, including improved spectroscopic precision, studies of collisional dynamics, and better measurements of fundamental constants and of basic units. Other chapters examine Hamiltonian relaxation, which describes all of the processes that return the ensemble to thermal equilibrium. The final chapter deals with the method of infrared spectrophotography, which combines efficient detection, time resolution, and coherent infrared. Spectroscopists and graduate students will find this book extremely useful.

  • Dynamics of Gas-Surface Scattering

    • 1st Edition
    • Frank O. Goodman
    • English
    Dynamics of Gas-Surface Scattering deals with the dynamics of scattering as inferred from known properties of gases and solids. This book discusses measurements of spatial distributions of scattered atomic and molecular streams, and of the energy and momentum which gas particles exchange at solid surfaces. It also considers two regimes of scattering, both of which are associated with a lower range of incident gas energies: the thermal and structure scattering regimes. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book opens with a brief historical overview of the early experiments that investigated the dynamics of scattering of gases by surfaces. The discussion then turns to some elements of the kinetic theory of gases; intermodular potentials and interaction regimes; and classical-mechanical lattice models used in gas-surface scattering theory. The applications of molecular beams to the study of gas-surface scattering phenomena are also described. The remaining chapters focus on experiments and theories on scattering of molecular streams by surfaces of solids, with emphasis on thermal and structure regimes of inelastic scattering; quantum theory of gas-surface scattering; and quantum mechanical scattering phenomena. This text concludes with an analysis of energy exchange processes that may occur when a solid surface is completely immersed in a still gas. This monograph will be a valuable resource for students and practitioners of physics, chemistry, and applied mathematics.

  • International Trends in Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph W. Goodman
    • English
    International Trends in Optics provides a broad view of work in the field of optics throughout the world. Topics range from quantum optoelectronics for optical processing to optics in telecommunications, along with microoptics, optical memories, and fiber-optic signal processing. Holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers are also considered. Comprised of 34 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to some of the practical applications of integrated optical circuits, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and photonic integrated circuits. Subsequent chapters deal with quantum optoelectronics for optical processing; fiber-optic signal processing; holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers; potential uses of photorefractives; and adaptive interferometry that makes use of photorefractive crystals. Water wave optics and diffraction are also examined, together with the essential journals of optics and the opposition effect in volume and surface scattering. The final chapter is devoted to optical computing, with emphasis on its processing functions and architecture. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in physics and electronics.

  • The Geometry of Algebraic Fermi Curves

    • 1st Edition
    • D Gieseker
    • English
    The Geometry of Algebraic Fermi Curves deals with the geometry of algebraic Fermi curves, with emphasis on the inverse spectral problem. Topics covered include the periodic Schrödinger operator and electrons in a crystal; one-dimensional algebraic Bloch varieties; separable Bloch varieties; and monodromy for separable and generic Bloch varieties. Compactification, the potential zero, and density of states are also discussed. This book consists of 13 chapters and begins by recalling the static lattice approximation for electronic motion at low temperature in a pure, finite sample of a d-dimensional crystal. The position of the Fermi energy and the geometry of the Fermi hypersurface in relation to the metallic properties of the crystal are described. The following chapters focus on the Bloch variety associated with a discrete two-dimensional periodic Schrödinger operator; algebraic Bloch varieties in one dimension; compactification of the Bloch variety; and the potential zero. The geometry of the Bloch variety of a separable potential is also considered, along with the topology of the family of Fermi curves. The final chapter demonstrates how the Bloch variety is determined by the density of states. This monograph will be a useful resource for students and teachers of mathematics.

  • Organic Scintillators and Scintillation Counting

    • 1st Edition
    • Donald Horrocks
    • English
    Organic Scintillation and Liquid Scintillation Counting covers the proceeding of The International Conference on Organic Scintillators and Liquid Scintillation Counting, which was held on July 7-10, 1970 at the University of California, San Francisco. This conference was held to discuss ideas concerned with the theory and physics of organic scintillators and the use of liquid scintillation for radioactivity measurement and other analytical applications. This text discusses liquid scintillator solvents, the vacuum ultraviolet excited luminescence of organic systems, and the application of scintillation counters to the assay of bioluminescence. Also covered are topics such as scintillation decay and absolute efficiencies in organic liquid scintillators, dose rate saturation in plastic scintillators, and the mass measurements in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. The book is recommended for physicists who would like to know more about the advancements in the field of organic and liquid scintillation and its applications.

  • Muon Physics V2

    Weak Interactions
    • 1st Edition
    • Vernon Hughes
    • English
    Muon Physics, Volume II: Weak Interactions deals with the weak interaction of muon and covers topics ranging from the elementary particle aspects of muon decay and muon capture, as well as the conventional two- and one-neutrino-field theories. The law of lepton conservation is also considered, along with semileptonic weak interactions in nuclei. This volume is comprised of two chapters and begins with a discussion on muon decay and muon capture, offering a theoretical interpretation of the elementary-particle aspects of the decay of a muon and the capture of a muon by a proton. The law of lepton conservation is examined in both conventional two- and one-neutrino-field theories. Semileptonic weak interactions in nuclei are also examined, paying particular attention to neutrino reactions, charged-lepton capture, and β decay. The experimental results on weak interactions (low energies) are reviewed in relation to muon decay, rare and ultrarare muon decays, and muon capture. The final chapter is devoted to the interactions of muon neutrinos and limits the discussion to the high-energy type. This book is written primarily for physicists as well as students and researchers in physics.

  • Gauge Theory and Defects in Solids

    • 1st Edition
    • D.G.B. Edelen + 1 more
    • English
    This new series Mechanics and Physics of Discrete Systems aims to provide a coherent picture of the modern development of discrete physical systems. Each volume will offer an orderly perspective of disciplines such as molecular dynamics, crystal mechanics and/or physics, dislocation, etc. Emphasized in particular are the fundamentals of mechanics and physics that play an essential role in engineering applications.Volume 1, Gauge Theory and Defects in Solids, presents a detailed development of a rational theory of the dynamics of defects and damage in solids. Solutions to field equations are used to determine stresses, dislocation densities and currents that arise from histories of loading of boundaries of bodies. Analysed in detail is a gauge theory with a gauge group that is not semi-simple, and whose action occurs at the classical macroscopic level. Yang-Mills theory is applied where the state variables are elastic displacements in solids, determination of mechanical and electromagnetic observables by choice of gauge conditions is demonstrated, and practices of classical dislocation theory are derived from first principles.

  • Operator Methods in Quantum Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Martin Schechter
    • English
    Operator Methods in Quantum Mechanics demonstrates the power of operator theory as a tool in the study of quantum mechanics. More specifically, it shows how to use algebraic, representation-indep... methods to solve one- and three-dimensional problems, including certain relativistic problems. It explains the applications of commutation relations, shift operators, and the virial, hypervirial, and Hellman-Feyman theorems to the calculation of eigenvalues, matrix elements, and wave functions. Organized into 16 chapters, this book begins by presenting a few simple postulates describing quantum theory and looking at a single particle moving along a straight line. Then, it introduces mathematical techniques that answer questions about the particle. It also discusses the use of spectral theorem in answering various questions concerning observables, along with negative eigenvalues and methods of determining parts of the spectrum or estimating lower bounds. Moreover, it explains the time-independent or stationary-state scattering theory and states, long-range potentials, and completeness and strong completeness. Oscillating potentials, eigenfunction expansions, restricted particles, hard-core potentials, the invariance principle, and the use of trace class operators to treat scattering theory are also described in this book. This volume is a valuable resource for physicists, as well as students of intermediate quantum mechanics and postgraduate students who want to be acquainted with the algebraic method of solving quantum mechanical problems.

  • Plasma Polymerization

    • 1st Edition
    • H K Yasuda
    • English
    Plasma Polymerization aims to bridge the conceptual gap between the academic and practical approaches to plasma polymerization and highlights the significance of plasma polymerization in materials science and technology. The major topics covered are gas-phase kinetics, ionization of gases, fundamentals of polymerization, mechanism of polymer formation in plasma, competitive aspects of polymer formation and ablation, mechanism of polymer deposition, operational factors of plasma polymerization, and electrical properties of plasma polymers. This book is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with a brief overview of plasma polymerization and its growing importance for the formation of entirely new kinds of materials. The discussion then shifts to a comparison between plasma-state polymerization and plasma-induced polymerization, between plasma polymerization and graft polymerization, and between plasma polymerization and radiation polymerization. The reader is also introduced to fundamental aspects of gas-phase reactions, paying particular attention to the classical kinetic theory of gas, as well as the mechanisms of formation of polymeric materials in plasma, competitive ablation and polymer formation in plasma, and polymer deposition in plasma polymerization. The operational parameters of plasma polymerization are described and a chapter devoted to the electrical properties of plasma-polymerized thin organic films concludes the book. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of material science.

  • Atomic Collisions and Spectra

    • 1st Edition
    • U Fano
    • English
    Atomic Collisions and Spectra provides an overview of the state of knowledge on atomic collision physics. The book grew out of lecture notes for a succession of courses at the University of Chicago in 1967-1979, which reported the new material as it was taking a definite form. It has been enriched since 1980, as the subject matured and continued to expand. The book is organized into four parts. Part A deals briefly with rather elementary items of general information. Part B then takes up in considerable detail those aspects of single-electron scattering whose mastery is essential for treating multielectron processes. Part C deals with multielectron processes with a residual—if often realistic—restrictio... namely, that the multielectron interactions remain confined within a core region from which only a single electron escapes into alternative channels of a long-range field. Part D surveys studies of double (or multiple) escape of electrons from a core. The book is intended for multiple use as a graduate school text, a tool for independent study, or a reference for particular topics.

  • Carbon Isotope Techniques

    • 1st Edition
    • David C. Coleman
    • English
    Carbon Isotope Techniques deals with the use of carbon isotopes in studies of plant, soil, and aquatic biology. Topics covered include photosynthesis/trans... studies in terrestrial ecosystems; carbon relationships of plant-microbial symbioses; microbe/plant/soil interactions; and environmental and aquatic toxicology. Stable carbon isotope ratios of natural materials are also considered. Comprised of 15 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to radiation-counting instruments used in measuring the radioactivity in soil and plant samples containing carbon-14. The discussion then turns to the basic methods of 14C use in plant science, highlighted by three examples of applications in the field of plant physiology and ecology. Subsequent chapters explore the use of carbon isotope techniques for analyzing the carbon relationships of plant-microbial symbioses; the interactions of microbes, plants, and soils; and the degradation of herbicides and organic xenobiotics. Carbon dating and bomb carbon are also described. The final section is devoted to the uses and procedures for 13C and 11C. This monograph is intended for advanced undergraduate or graduate students, as well as generalist scientists who have not previously used radioisotopes or stable isotopes in their research.

  • Many – Body Phenomena At Surfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • David Lengreth
    • English
    Many-Body Phenomena at Surfaces contains the proceedings of a two-week 1983 Workshop on Many-Body Phenomena at Surfaces sponsored by the Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara. This workshop covers the many-body phenomena and the many-particle aspects of structural phenomena. This text is organized into six parts encompassing 29 chapters, and begins with a description of the method generally used to calculate ground state properties, densities, equilibrium positions, adiabatic potential curves, and energies of surfaces with and without an adsorbate atom or molecule. It goes on to apply these methods to binding and the calculation of potential surfaces, followed by a more diffuse section on various spectroscopies. Topics here include the experiments that elucidate the dynamic phenomena and the theoretical description, which is of relevance to dynamics. The next section discusses the dynamic phenomena of the inelastic mechanisms important when atomic and molecular species impinge on a surface. The remaining sections describe some elementary reactions, catalysis, and magneto-catalytic phenomena. This book is directed toward all surface scientists, specifically physicists, chemists, theorists, and experimentalists.

  • Electrons in Solids 2e

    An Introductory Survey
    • 2nd Edition
    • Richard Bube
    • English
    Electrons in Solids, Second Edition: An Introductory Survey introduces the reader to electrons in solids and covers topics ranging from particles and waves to the free electron model, energy bands, and junctions. Optical and electrical properties are also discussed, along with magnetic properties. The wavelike properties of all of matter are chosen as an integrating theme into which to weave such themes as crystal lattice vibrations (with their effect on electron mobility and electrical and thermal conductivity), electromagnetic waves (with their effect on optical reflection and absorption), and electronic transport in solids (with its dependence on the wavelike properties of electrons). This book is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with an overview of particles and waves, together with classical views of electrons, light, and energy. The general properties of waves are then discussed, with particular reference to traveling waves, standing waves, transverse waves, and longitudinal waves. Lattice waves, light waves, and matter waves are also considered. The reader is also introduced to wave equations, boundary conditions, and general wave properties. The remaining chapters are devoted to optical, electrical, and magnetic properties as well as junctions, including metal-metal junctions, metal-semiconductor junctions, and metal-semiconductor junctions. This monograph is intended for undergraduates and first-year graduate students with a background primarily in materials science, metallurgy, or one of the other engineering disciplines.

  • The Earth's crust and Mantle

    • 1st Edition
    • F.A. Vening Meinesz
    • English
    The Earth's Crust and Mantle presents the deformations of the Earth's crust, which are attributed to mantle currents. This book explores the gravity observations, which give indications about the way in which the masses in the Earth are distributed. Comprised of five chapters, this book starts with an overview of the constitution of the various parts of the Earth and mentions the densities concerned. This text then discusses the thermal behavior of the Earth as well as examines the principle of isostasy and the readjustments of isostatic equilibrium. Other chapters examine the general effects of horizontal compression of the rigid crust and the fields of positive gravity anomalies. This book discusses as well the effects of active volcanicity, which is one source of disturbances of equilibrium of the Earth. The final chapter deals with the oceanic parts of the crust. This book is a valuable resource for geologists, geophysicists, physical geographers, and physical geodesists.

  • Quantitative Theory of Critical Phenomena

    • 1st Edition
    • George A. Jr. Baker
    • English
    Quantitative Theory of Critical Phenomena details in a self-contained manner the most popular and extensively practiced methods for the quantitative study of critical phenomena. The text is divided into three parts. Part I deals with the general theory of critical phenomena — its thermodynamic aspects, statistical mechanical framework, classical model, and inequalities. Part II tackles the combinatorial theory of series generation. Part III covers the quantitative analysis of series expansions, which includes topics such as the complex variable theory, the algebraic aspects and numerical evaluation of Padé approximants, and special continuation methods. The book is recommended for mathematicians and physicists who would like to know more about critical phenomena, its theories, and the methods for its quantitative study.

  • The Plasma State

    • 1st Edition
    • Juda Shohet
    • English
    The Plasma State discusses the fundamental principles that describe plasma occurrence. The book reviews the plasma state, collisions, collisional processes, diffusion, mobility, Rutherford scattering, and the collision cross-section. The motion of isolated charged particles occurs in electrical, magnetic, or gravitational fields. During low plasma density and low background gas pressure, the collision frequency is also low. It is during this time that the single particle approach can be studied using a fundamental equation of motion. The text also discusses the problems encountered in the presence of extremely large numbers of particles, moving and interacting with one another. Other topics related to the statistics of collisions and fluid behavior are the collisionless Boltzmann equation, inclusion of collisional processes in statistical descriptions, and the "integrate out" of velocity dependence of the collisionless Boltzmann equation which gives a fluid model of a plasma. The book also describes the different acceleration processes, such as Coulomb collisions, electron or ion-neutral collisions, collective or wave phenomena, that all produce radiation. The text is suitable for students of physics, engineering, atomic physics.

  • Rheology V2

    Theory and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Frederick Eirich
    • English
    Rheology: Theory and Applications, Volume II deals with the specific rheological subjects, such as deformational behavior in relation to the classic subjects and topics of rheology. This volume is divided into 13 chapters. Considerable chapters are devoted to the theory and aspects of viscoelastic and relaxation phenomena, as well as the applied theory concerning substances related to these phenomena, including elastomers, gelatins, and fibers. Other chapters cover the general principles of geological deformations derived from the study of less ""immobile"" objects. The remaining chapters present the methods and instrumentation in rheology. Researchers, teachers, and students who are interested in deformational behavior of materials will find this book invaluable.

  • Particle Physics: An Introduction

    • 1st Edition
    • M Leon
    • English
    Particle Physics: An Introduction provides information pertinent to particle physics, including symmetries, quantum mechanics, particle kinematics, and wave equations. This book explains the Lorentz transformation, which relates events as seen in two inertial coordinate systems. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the general relationship between energy and momentum. This text then explains the various components of the electric and magnetic fields, which are related by Maxwell's equations. Other chapters review the abstract formalism of quantum mechanics as well as explain the functions of cross sections and decay rates in particle physics. This book discusses as well the function of quantum field theory in predicting S-matrix elements and cross sections that can be compared with experiments. The final chapter deals with strong interaction dynamics as well as introduces Regge poles and dispersion relations. Seniors and graduate students involved in the study of physics will find this book extremely useful.

  • Between Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • P. Kroes + 1 more
    • English
    This book contains the papers presented at a conference organised in honour of H.B.G. Casimir's 80th birthday. Outstanding scientists from different fields of research were invited to discuss important recent developments and put them in a broader perspective.The resulting book is devoted to the following relationships between fundamental physical research and technological developments:- - the prognoses of technologically relevant phenomena on the basis of physical research; - the dependence of technological developments on physical research; - the spin-off of physical research for other disciplines; - the fact that fundamental research is required for the advancement of physics in general and of applied physics in particular. The famous Dutch physicist H.B.G. Casimir has made substantial contributions to the development of 20th century physics and was for several years head of Philips Research Laboratories. The diversity of topics addressed in this book reflects his wide range of interests.

  • Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael F. L'Annunziata
    • English
    Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is written by experts in the measurement of radioactivity. The book describes the broad scope of analytical methods available and instructs the reader on how to select the proper technique. It is intended as a practical manual for research which requires the accurate measurement of radioactivity at all levels, from the low levels encountered in the environment to the high levels measured in radioisotope research. This book contains sample preparation procedures, recommendations on steps to follow, necessary calculations, computer controlled analysis, and high sample throughput techniques. Each chapter includes practical techniques for application to nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, environmental analysis, weapons disarmament, and assays required for research in biomedicine and agriculture. The fundamentals of radioactivity properties, radionuclide decay, and methods of detection are included to provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures described in the book. Therefore, the Handbook can also be used as a teaching text.

  • Physics Of High-Tc Superconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • J Phillips
    • English
    Physics of High-Tc Superconductors highlights the important experiments that provide insights on the concept of high-temperature superconductors. Composed of 11 chapters, this book covers the theories and materials of these superconductors. The opening chapters of this book deal with the concepts at the cutting edge of materials science and the technical details of electron-phonon interaction calculations and their application to high-Tc superconductors. The subsequent chapters describe the various features of the atomic and electronic structure of high-Tc superconductor materials, such as quaternary, metallic, and pseudoperovskite copper oxides. These topics are followed by descriptions of the isotope effect, lattice vibrations, and optical spectra of high-Tc superconductor materials. The discussion then shifts to tunneling, relaxation, and morphological studies of these materials. The concluding chapter focuses on the superconductivity potential of bismates and thallates. Undergraduate materials science students will find this book invaluable.

  • Relaxation in Magnetic Resonance

    Dielectric and Mossbauer Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Charles P. Jr. Poole
    • English
    Relaxation in Magnetic Resonance contains a series of lecture notes for a special topics course at the University of South Carolina in 1967. This book contains 21 chapters that summarize the main theoretical formulations and experimental results of magnetic resonance relaxation phenomena in several physical systems. This text deals first with the various methods in determining the relaxation behavior of the macroscopic spin system, such as Bloch equations, saturation methods, and transient resonant absorption. The subsequent chapters discuss the homogeneous and inhomogeneous resonant lines in solids and liquids and the significance of the Kubo-Tomita and Redfield theories in magnetic resonance. This book then considers the background research on electron spin resonance and relaxation in ionic solids. The concluding chapters explore the acoustic absorption coefficient and dielectric constant calculation; the relaxation processes in paramagnetic substance; and the characteristics of Mössbauer spectra and their application in magnetic relaxation. This book will be useful to both graduate students embarking upon thesis problems in relaxation and more advanced workers who seek an overall summary of the status of the field, as well as to physicists and chemists.

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