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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Antennas in Inhomogeneous Media

    International Series of Monographs in Electromagnetic Waves
    • 1st Edition
    • Janis Galejs
    • A. L. Cullen + 2 more
    • English
    Antennas in Inhomogeneous Media details the methods of analyzing antennas in such inhomogeneous media. The title covers the complex geometrical configurations along with its variational formulations. The coverage of the text includes various conditions the antennas are subjected to, such as antennas in the interface between two media; antennas in compressible isotropic plasma; and linear antennas in a magnetoionic medium. The selection also covers insulated loops in lossy media; slot antennas with a stratified dielectric or isotropic plasma layers; and cavity-backed slot antennas. The book will be of great use to electrical, communications, and radio engineers.

  • Electron Beams, Lenses, and Optics

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • A. B. El-Kareh + 1 more
    • English
    Electron Beams, Lenses, and Optics, Volume 2 deals with the aberrations relating to electronic optics. This book discusses the geometrical aberrations of lenses; spherical aberration of electric and magnetic lenses; and measurement of the spherical aberration of various electric and magnetic lenses. The theory of diffraction; influence of space charge in high density electron beams; and chromatic aberration are also deliberated. This publication likewise covers the classification of the geometrical aberrations; derivation of the coefficient of spherical aberration according to Glaser; and pepper-pot method or Hartmann's test. The Fraunhofers diffraction through a circular aperture; force due to coulomb repulsion; and upper limit of the chromatic aberration of magnetic lenses are also included. This volume is valuable to industrial scientists and engineers concerned with electrostatic and magnetic lenses.

  • Coherent Raman Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • G. L. Eesley
    • English
    Coherent Raman Spectroscopy provides a unified and general account of the fundamental aspects of nonlinear Raman spectroscopy, also known as coherent Raman spectroscopy. The theoretical basis from which coherent Raman spectroscopy developed is described, along with its applications, utility, and implementation as well as advantages and disadvantages. Experimental data which typifies each technique is presented. This book is comprised of four chapters and opens with an overview of nonlinear optics and coherent Raman spectroscopy, followed by a discussion on nonlinear transfer function of matter. The derivation of third-order nonlinear effects is described and the problem is specialized to one dimension by assuming monochromatic plane waves propagating in the z direction. The next chapter reviews the salient features of seven coherent Raman techniques by calculating the resonant and non-resonant signal contributions in the monochromatic plane wave limit. Finally, the general areas of application of coherent Raman spectroscopy are highlighted. This monograph is written primarily for uninitiated or endeavoring coherent Raman spectroscopists and should also be of interest to experienced industrial and academic researchers.

  • Beams and Framed Structures

    Structures and Solid Body Mechanics
    • 2nd Edition
    • Jacques Heyman
    • B. G. Neal
    • English
    Beams and Framed Structures, Second Edition deals with the material strength and stiffness of beams and plane frames. The theory of structures, as applied to frames, is examined, with emphasis on bending moments throughout the frame and the resulting deformations. Linear elastic structures and plastic collapse and elastic-plastic structures are considered. Comprised of three chapters, this book begins with an introduction to the basic equations on equilibrium, deformation, virtual work, and the relationship between bending moment and curvature. The next chapter is devoted to elastic beams and frames, with particular reference to the principle of superposition; energy methods for elastic frames; moment distribution; and thermal effects. The final chapter focuses on plastic beams and frames and covers topics such as theorems of plastic collapse; elastic-plastic analysis; deflexions at collapse; and interaction diagrams. Throughout the text, it is assumed that all members of a frame remain stable, so that instability phenomena do not occur. This monograph will be of interest to structural and mechanical engineers.

  • Calculational Methods for Interacting Arrays of Fissile Material

    International Series of Monographs in Nuclear Energy
    • 1st Edition
    • A. F. Thomas + 1 more
    • D. J. Silverleaf
    • English
    Calculational Methods for Interacting Arrays of Fissile Material describes the methods used in assessing the criticality safety of interacting arrays of fissile materials. It demonstrates that the behavior of neutrons in an array can be divided into two parts which can, to a large extent, be treated independently. These are the neutron multiplication within units of the array and the transmission of neutrons between units. For the former the usual methods of neutron physics are applicable but used so as to place emphasis on the neutrons entering and leaving the unit. The latter is mainly a geometrical problem, being entirely so for an air-spaced array. This volume is comprised of four chapters and begins with an introduction to the practical aspects of the interaction problem affecting arrays of fissile materials. The discussion then turns to simple ""hand"" methods of calculation, paying particular attention to the general equilibrium conditions in interacting arrays, along with the Oak Ridge method, the Interaction Parameter method, and the PQR method. Finally, the application of Monte Carlo method to the study of the neutron economy of entire arrays is considered in terms of one particular computer code called GEM. The basis of neutron tracking in critical size calculations by GEM is analyzed. This book will be a valuable resource for nuclear engineers and scientists.

  • Tables of IGY Monthly Median Ionospheric Data

    Annals of The International Geophysical Year, Vol. 13
    • 1st Edition
    • W. J. G. Beynon + 1 more
    • English
    Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Volume XIII: Tables of IGY Monthly Median Ionospheric Data, Part I is the first of the five volumes of IGY data containing tables of monthly median value of ionospheric characteristics for the period of July 1957 to January 1959 inclusive. The data are extracted from booklets, bulletins, and data summaries of many kinds which have been prepared at ionospheric observatories and sent to one of the Discipline V World Data Centers at Boulder, Moscow, Slough and Tokyo. The stations are arranged in alphabetical order and the tables for each station are preceded by some of the more important information relating to the station. This book will prove useful to geophysicists, historians, and researchers.

  • Evaporation and Droplet Growth in Gaseous Media

    • 1st Edition
    • N.A. Fuchs
    • R.S. Bradley
    • English
    Evaporation and Droplet Growth in Gaseous Media deals with the evaporation of droplets of liquid in gaseous media and the reverse process of droplet growth in a medium supersaturated with the vapor of the liquid. Thediscussion is restricted to the kinetics of evaporation and growth of droplets of pure liquids (and heat transfer to the same). Comprised of three chapters, this book first examines the quasi-stationary evaporation and growth of droplets that are motionless relative to the medium and the hydrodynamic factor is absent. The Maxwell equation, the basis of the theory of evaporation of droplets in a gaseous medium, is taken into account. The influence of the Stefan flow and the concentration change at the surface on the rate of evaporation are considered, along with the evaporation of droplets in a vessel with absorbing walls and the fall in temperature of both free evaporating droplets and supported evaporating droplets. The second chapter is devoted to the quasi-stationary evaporation of droplets in a stream of gas, that is, droplets moving relative to the medium. The last chapter focuses on non-stationary evaporation and growth of droplets that either motionless or moving relative to the medium. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in inorganic and structural chemistry.

  • Probabilistic Methods Applied to Electric Power Systems

    Proceedings of the First International Symposium, Toronto, Canada, 11–13 July 1986
    • 1st Edition
    • Samy G. Krishnasamy
    • English
    Probabilistic Methods Applied to Electric Power Systems contains the proceedings of the First International Symposium held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on July 11-13, 1986. The papers explore significant technical advances that have been made in the application of probability methods to the design of electric power systems. This volume is comprised of 65 chapters divided into 10 sections and begins by discussing the probabilistic methodologies used in the assessment of power system reliability and structural design. The following chapters focus on the applications of probabilistic techniques to the analysis and design of transmission systems and structures; evaluation of design and reliability of distribution systems; system planning; and assessment of performance of transmission system components such as insulators, tower joints, and foundations. The probability-based procedures for dealing with data bases such as wind load and ice load are also considered, along with the effects of weather-induced loads on overhead power lines and the use of probability methods in upgrading existing power lines and components. The final section deals with applications of probability methods to power system problems not covered in other chapters. This book will be of value to engineers involved in uprating, designing, analyzing, and assessing reliability of transmission and distribution systems.

  • Resonance Absorption in Nuclear Reactors

    International Series of Monographs on Nuclear Energy, Vol. 4
    • 1st Edition
    • Lawrence Dresner
    • R. A. Charpie + 1 more
    • English
    Reactor Design Physics, Volume 4: Resonance Absorption in Nuclear Reactors provides a systematic and detailed exposition of the theory of resonance absorption in nuclear reactors. This book is composed of eight chapters, and begins with a brief historical review of the subject. The second chapter deals with the resonance absorption in homogeneous media and with an alternative method of obtaining some of the formula, while the third chapter considers the natural and Doppler broadened fine shapes, as well as explicit formula for resonance absorption in homogeneous media. The succeeding chapters discuss some results of transport theory necessary for the study of the resonance absorption problem in heterogeneous media and the estimation of the errors introduced by the various simplifying assumptions. The final chapters examine the special topics of the Dancoff effect and the estimation of absorption in unresolved resonances. This book will prove useful to nuclear physicists and design engineers.

  • An Introduction to Plasma Physics

    • 2nd Edition
    • W. B. Thompson
    • English
    An Introduction to Plasma Physics, Second Edition focuses on the processes, reactions, properties, and approaches involved in plasma physics, including kinetic theory, radiation, particle motions, and oscillations. The publication first offers information on the introduction to plasma physics and basic properties of the equilibrium plasma. Discussions focus on the occurrence of plasma in nature, technological aspects of plasma physics, quasi-neutrality and plasma oscillations, transmission of electromagnetic radiation through plasma, production of plasma by shock waves, and degree of ionization in a thermal plasma. The text then ponders on arc plasma, magnetohydrodynamics... and magnetohydrodynamic stability. The manuscript takes a look at plasma dynamics and particle motions and kinetic theory of the plasma. Topics include dielectric behavior of a magnetized plasma, approximate treatment of particle orbits, formal derivation of the drifts, macroscopic effects of particle motion, consequences of the magnetic moment, and transport equations and hydrodynamics. Low-frequency oscillations of a uniform magnetized plasma, stability and perturbation theories, and approximate procedure for solving the transport equations are also discussed. The publication is a highly recommended source material for readers interested in plasma physics.

  • Steady Electric Fields and Currents

    Elementary Electromagnetic Theory
    • 1st Edition
    • B. H. Chirgwin + 2 more
    • English
    Steady Electric Fields and Currents, Volume 1 is an introductory text to electromagnetism and potential theory. This book starts with the fields associated with stationary charges and unravels the stationary condition to allow consideration of the flow of steady currents in closed circuits. The opening chapter discusses the experimental results that require mathematical explanation and discussion, particularly those referring to phenomena that question the validity of the simple Newtonian concepts of space and time. The subsequent chapters consider steady-state fields, electrostatics, dielectrics, energy theorems, and uniqueness theorems. The concluding chapter examines the steady flow of electric currents in closed circuits. Undergraduate students with electromagnetism course will greatly benefit from this book.

  • Lectures on Invariant Subspaces

    • 1st Edition
    • Henry Helson
    • English
    Lectures on Invariant Subspaces grew out of a series of lectures given gave at the University of Uppsala in the spring of 1962, and again in Berkeley the following semester. Since the subject is rather loosely defined the lecture style seemed appropriate also for this written version. The book is written for a graduate student who knows a little, but not necessarily very much, about analytic functions and about Hilbert space. The book contains 11 lectures and begins with a discussion of analytic functions. This is followed by lectures covering invariant subspaces, individual theorems, invariant subspaces in Lp, invariant subspaces in the line, and analytic vector functions. Subsequent lectures cover vectorial function theory, inner functions, range functions, and factoring of operator functions.

  • Physics of Thin Films

    Advances in Research and Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Maurice H. Francombe + 1 more
    • English
    Physics of Thin Films: Advances in Research and Development, Volume 6 reviews the rapid progress that has been made in research and development concerning the physics of thin films, with emphasis on metallic films. Topics covered include anodic oxide films, thin metal films and wires, and multilayer magnetic films. This volume is comprised of five chapters and begins with a discussion on the dielectric properties and the technique of plasma anodization which are relevant to the applications of anodic oxide films in electronic devices. Conduction, polarization, and dielectric breakdown effects are also considered. The next chapter examines studies on size-dependent electrical conduction in thin metal films and wires, paying particular attention to both classical and quantum size effects and some of the anisotropic characteristics of epitaxial metal films. The reader is then introduced to the optical properties of metal films and interactions in multilayer magnetic films. This text concludes with a chapter that looks at diffusion in metallic films and presents experimental results for phase-forming systems, miscible systems, and lateral diffusion. This monograph will be of value to students and practitioners of physics, especially those interested in thin films.

  • Principles of Quantum Electrodynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Walter E. Thirring
    • H. S. W. Massey
    • English
    Principles of Quantum Electrodynamics concentrates on one of the best understood parts of quantum field theory, quantum electrodynamics. It emphasizes the physical basis of the theory and avoids purely mathematical details. For this reason, the book should not be taken as a handbook of field theory, but rather as a compendium of the most characteristic and interesting results which have been obtained up to now. The book is organized into four parts. Part I develops the general mathematical framework, covering units and orders of magnitude, classical electrodynamics, and the general formalism of the quantum theory of fields. Part II deals with free fields. It examines some problems concerning the physical interpretation of the theory and asks whether the quantization procedure adopted actually introduces quantum characteristics and, if so, how these are expressed by the formalism. It also investigates the expectation values of more complicated expressions. Part III examines the effects of a mechanism which produces the particles under consideration; i.e., an external source of the fields. Part IV deals with quantum fields in interaction. The focus is on the case of a quantized electromagnetic field, the source of which is a quantized Dirac field.

  • The Principles and Practice of Electrical Epilation

    • 1st Edition
    • Sheila Godfrey
    • English
    The Principles and Practice of Electrical Epilation covers all aspects of electro-epilation. The book is comprised of 22 chapters; each chapter tackles a specific area of electro-epilation. The text covers tools and methods used in electro-epilation, such as needles, electricity, galvanic electrolysis, and blend. The book discusses various applications of electro-epilation in other medical procedures such as gender reassignment. The book will be of great use to plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and other professionals involved in a procedure that requires electrical epilation.

  • Wave Propagation and Group Velocity

    • 1st Edition
    • Léon Brillouin
    • H. S. W. Massey
    • English
    Wave Propagation and Group Velocity contains papers on group velocity which were published during the First World War and are missing in many libraries. It introduces three different definitions of velocities: the group velocity of Lord Rayleigh, the signal velocity of Sommerfeld, and the velocity of energy transfer, which yields the rate of energy flow through a continuous wave and is strongly related to the characteristic impedance. These three velocities are identical for nonabsorbing media, but they differ considerably in an absorption band. Some examples are discussed in the last chapter dealing with guided waves, and many other cases of application of these definitions are quoted. These problems have come again into the foreground, in connection with the propagation of radio signals and radar. Reflection in the Heaviside layers requires a real knowledge of all these different definitions. Group velocity also plays a very important role in wave mechanics and corresponds to the speed of a particle. The present book should be very useful to physicists and radio engineers and should give them a good basis for new discussions and applications.

  • Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerry B. Marion
    • English
    Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems presents a modern and reasonably complete account of the classical mechanics of particles, systems of particles, and rigid bodies for physics students at the advanced undergraduate level. The book aims to present a modern treatment of classical mechanical systems in such a way that the transition to the quantum theory of physics can be made with the least possible difficulty; to acquaint the student with new mathematical techniques and provide sufficient practice in solving problems; and to impart to the student some degree of sophistication in handling both the formalism of the theory and the operational technique of problem solving. Vector methods are developed in the first two chapters and are used throughout the book. Other chapters cover the fundamentals of Newtonian mechanics, the special theory of relativity, gravitational attraction and potentials, oscillatory motion, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics, central-force motion, two-particle collisions, and the wave equation.

  • Leybold Vacuum Handbook

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Diels + 1 more
    • English
    Leybold Vacuum Handbook presents a collection of data sets that are essential for numerical calculation of vacuum plants and vacuum processes. The title first covers vacuum physics, which includes gas kinetics, flow phenomena, vacuum gauges, and vapor removal. Next, the selection presents data on vacuum, high vacuum process technology, and gas desorption and gettering. The text also deals with materials, vapor pressure, boiling and melting points, and gas permeability. The book will be of great interest to engineers and technicians that deals with vacuum related technologies.

  • Automotive Electronic Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Trevor Mellard
    • English
    Automotive Electronic Systems deals with the technological principles and practices used in modern electronic automotive systems. The book includes how electronic control units function in the whole electronic system of the car. After a brief introduction to the mechanical parts of the car, the electronic and microprocessor systems are discussed. Although electronic devices are controlled either by analogue or digital systems, the trend is toward the use of digital. The basic principles of operation of a microprocessor are therefore given attention by the author. Cars depend heavily on sensors, thus, the importance of the different sensors, such as temperature sensors, direct air flow sensors, and turbine flowmeters, is comprehensively explained. Another part of the automotive system is the actuators or relays and both the solenoid and motors are discussed. The operations of the electrical system from the generator, electronic ignition system, to electronic fuel control systems are examined. The book explains the choking device in the electronic fuel control system that is needed when starting a car or the throttle butterfly potentiometer that monitors the movement of the plate in the carburetor every time the accelerator pedal is pushed down or released. The other electronic and computer controlled devices in today’s modern cars such as on-board computers and electronic control of body systems are also comprehensively discussed. This book is helpful to car engine enthusiasts, car mechanics, car electricians, operators of car diagnostic equipment, and instructors of automotive electronic systems.

  • The Classical Dynamics of Particles

    Galilean and Lorentz Relativity
    • 1st Edition
    • Ronald A. Mann
    • English
    The Classical Dynamics of Particles: Galilean and Lorentz Relativity has been designed to serve either as an independent graduate course in dynamics or as a segment of a graduate theoretical physics course. The book begins with a general introduction and a rather extensive discussion of the special theory of relativity, including a section on tachyons. Separate chapters follow on the variational derivation of Lagrangian dynamical equations of charged particle motion and spin angular momentum; variational derivation of Noether's theorem; and canonical formalism and Dirac's extension of Hamiltonian dynamics and treatment of constraints. The ""No-Interaction Theorem"" of Wigner and Van Dam and various efforts to construct a many-particle dynamics compatible with the special theory of relativity are also discussed. The final chapter presents two applications of group theory in classical mechanics: the factorization of the dynamical matrix and the construction of a canonical formalism from a symmetry group. This text is intended for advanced undergraduate or graduate students of physics. It is assumed that the reader has had an undergraduate course in mechanics and the usual undergraduate mathematics preparation including differential equations and matrix theory. Some exposure to elementary tensors and group theory would be helpful but is not essential

  • Ultrasonic Methods in Solid State Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Rohn Truell + 2 more
    • English
    Ultrasonic Methods in Solid State Physics is devoted to studies of energy loss and velocity of ultrasonic waves which have a bearing on present-day problems in solid-state physics. The discussion is particularly concerned with the type of investigation that can be carried out in the megacycle range of frequencies from a few megacycles to kilomegacycles; it deals almost entirely with short-duration pulse methods rather than with standing-wave methods. The book opens with a chapter on a classical treatment of wave propagation in solids. This is followed by separate chapters on methods and techniques of ultrasonic pulse echo measurements, and the physics of ultrasonically measurable properties of solids. It is hoped that this book will provide the reader with the special background necessary to read critically the many research papers and special articles concerned with the use of ultrasonic methods in solid state physics. The book is intended to help the person beginning work in this field. At the same time, it will also be useful to those actively involved in such work. An attempt has been made to provide a fairly general and unified treatment suitable for graduate students and others without extensive experience.

  • Physical Electronics

    Handbook of Vacuum Physics
    • 1st Edition
    • A. H. Beck
    • English
    Handbook of Vacuum Physics, Volume 2: Physical Electronics, Parts 2 and 3 focuses on the processes, methodologies, and reactions involved in thermionic emission and secondary electron emission. The publication first offers information on the theory of thermionic cathodes and measurements on thermionic cathodes. Discussions focus on emission equation and velocity distribution of emitted electrons, surface phenomena and work function, band theory of solids, electrical conductivity, and measurements in special devices and practical tubes. The text then ponders on various types of thermionic cathodes, as well as core metal, compounds used for coating and their preparation, decomposition and activation, properties of oxide cathodes, and evaporation of oxide-coated cathodes. The manuscript takes a look at secondary emission of metals and insulators. Topics include energy distribution of secondary electrons from insulators; stability of secondary emission yield from insulators; influence of temperature on the total yield; electron bombardment induced conductivity; and variation of secondary emission with angle of incidence of primaries. The book then examines the technology of secondary emitting materials, including surfaces for use in electron multipliers and preparation of secondary emitting surfaces for use in storage tubes. The publication is a valuable reference for readers interested in in thermionic emission and secondary electron emission.

  • Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Geology

    • 1st Edition
    • Ernest E. Angino + 1 more
    • English
    Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Geology focuses on the applications of atomic absorption spectrometry in geology, including the analysis of metals, rocks, sediments, and minerals. The manuscript first offers information on the theory of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and instrumentation. Discussions focus on the relationship of atomic absorption with atomic concentration; variations in shapes and widths of atomic spectral lines; variations in atomic spectral lines; sample vaporization; and light sources. The book then examines interferences, including spectral, ionization, chemical, and molecular interferences. The publication takes a look at hydrogeochemistry and ore analysis. Topics include freshwater and seawater, zinc and cadmium, mercury, silver, gold, copper, lead, and nickel. The text also ponders on rock and mineral analysis, sediments, isotopes and noble gases, as well as silicate and sulfide minerals, organic fraction of sediments, and lithium, uranium, boron, and mercury isotopes. The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers interested in atomic absorption spectrometry.

  • Space and Development

    Proceedings of the Vikram Sarabhai Symposium on Space and Development of the Twenty-second Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, Bangalore, India, 29 May to 9 June 1979
    • 1st Edition
    • Yash Pal
    • English
    Space and Development contains the proceedings of the Vikram Sarabhai Symposium on Space and Development, held at Bangalore, India from May 29 to June 9, 1979. The book provides the papers presented in the symposium, examining the relevance of space technology to the problems being faced by developing countries in the world. The collection of papers, written and prepared by socially committed space scientists, attempts to foster enlightenment on the issue of whether space technology is significant to the solution of the problems besetting mankind, specifically the developing nations. Discussions on topics regarding the applicability and benefit of space science to countries at all stages of development; the role of science and technology in accelerating social and economic progress; and geologic and educational applications of space technologies are presented. The book also includes a transcript of a panel discussion by the participants of the symposium. Space scientists, astronomers, geologists, physicists, economists, sociologists, and people interested to understand the ramifications of space technology on our lives will find this book invaluable.

  • Cyclotron Waves in Plasma

    • 1st Edition
    • D. G. Lominadze
    • S. M. Hamberger
    • English
    Cyclotron Waves in Plasma is a four-chapter text that covers the basic physical concepts of the theory of cyclotron waves and cyclotron instabilities, brought about by the existence of steady or alternating plasma currents flowing perpendicular to the magnetic field. This book considers first a wide range of questions associated with the linear theory of cyclotron oscillations in equilibrium plasmas and in electron plasmas in metals and semiconductors. The next chapter deals with the parametric excitation of electron cyclotron oscillations in plasma in an alternating electric field. A chapter focuses on plasma turbulence, which results from the development of cyclotron instabilities. The last chapter discusses pertinent experimental data concerning cyclotron waves in plasma. The book is intended for specialists in plasma physics and a number of related fields, including the physics of the ionosphere, solar wind and, metals, as well as for students and teachers who are specializing in these subjects.

  • Quantum Electrodynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Iwo Białynicki-Birula + 1 more
    • D. Ter Haar
    • English
    Quantum Electrodynamics focuses on the formulation of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in its most general and most abstract form: relativistic quantum field theory. It describes QED as a program, rather than a closed theory, that rests on the theory of the quantum Maxwellian field interacting with given (external) classical sources of radiation and on the relativistic quantum mechanics of electrons interacting with a given (external) classical electromagnetic field. Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the fundamental principles of quantum theory formulated in a general, abstract fashion. The following chapters consider non-relativistic quantum mechanics; the theory of the electromagnetic field interacting with given sources of radiation; the quantum mechanics of particles; and the relativistic quantum mechanics of mutually non-interacting electrons moving in a given electromagnetic field. The formulation of QED is then described, paying particular attention to perturbation theory and Feynman diagrams and electron-photon processes. The final two chapters deal with renormalization theory and applications of QED. This book is addressed to readers who are familiar with quantum mechanics and classical electrodynamics at the level of university courses.

  • Particle Board and Hardboard

    Pergamon Series of Monographs on Furniture and Timber
    • 1st Edition
    • L. E. Akers
    • Jack Kape
    • English
    Pergamon Series of Monographs on Furniture and Timber, Volume 4: Particle Board and Hardboard focuses on particle boards, which are described as a sheet material manufactured from small pieces of wood or other ligno-cellulosic materials agglomerated by use of an organic binder together with agents such as heat, pressure, moisture, and catalyst. This book is divided into two parts. Part I concentrates on the types; methods of manufacture; physical and strength properties; tests, test methods, and quality evaluation; handling and machining; utilization in furniture and building of particle boards. In Part II, a brief discussion on the types, manufacture, properties, and applications of hard board is provided. The last part of this text is devoted to a glossary of terms relating to particle board, hardboard, and similar products. This volume is valuable to builders, architects, joiners, furniture designers, interior designers, and manufacturers of any products requiring flat, plane surfaced material for painting, veneering, or the application of laminated plastics.

  • Recent Developments in Particle Symmetries

    1965 International School of Physics Ettore Majorana, a CERN-MPI-NATO Advanced Study Institute
    • 1st Edition
    • A Zichichi
    • English
    Recent Developments in Particle Symmetries focuses on the advancements of processes, technologies, reactions, transformations, and approaches in particle symmetries. The selection first offers information on higher symmetries and deviations from unitary symmetry, including S matrix and perturbation theory and bootstrap theory of octet enhancement. The text then ponders on broken symmetries and sum rules and difficulties of relativistic U(6). Discussions focus on covariant models, unitary, Coleman's theorems, saturation of commutation relations and particle multiplets, and exact internal symmetry. The manuscript elaborates on CP violation, K decay and CP violation, and proton-antiproton annihilations at rest. The text then takes a look at the value of internal symmetries, low-energy hyperon-proton interactions, and strange resonances. Discussions focus on mesonic and baryonic resonances, hierarchy of internal symmetries, well-ordered violation of internal symmetries, and the combination of internal and geometrical symmetries in the physics of elementary particles. The selection is a valuable source of information for readers wanting to study particle symmetries.

  • Calculations in Fundamental Physics

    Electricity and Magnetism
    • 1st Edition
    • T. Heddle
    • Robert Robinson + 1 more
    • English
    Calculations in Fundamental Physics, Volume II: Electricity and Magnetism focuses on the processes, methodologies, and approaches involved in electricity and magnetism. The manuscript first takes a look at current and potential difference, including flow of charge, parallel conductors, ammeters, electromotive force and potential difference, and voltmeters. The book then discusses resistance, networks, power, resistivity and temperature, and electrolysis. Topics include shunts and multipliers, resistors in series, distribution circuits, balanced potentiometers, heating, resistance thermometry, and thermistors. The text explains electrolysis and thermoelectricity, including electroplating, Avogadro's number, and thermoelectric power. The manuscript describes magnetic fields and circuits and inductors. Concerns include straight conductors, series circuits, magnetic moments, stored energy, and mutual inductance. The book also takes a look at electric fields, transients, and direct current generators and motors. The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers wanting to be familiar with electricity and magnetism.

  • Photoelasticity

    The Selected Scientific Papers of M.M. Frocht
    • 1st Edition
    • M. M. Leven
    • English
    Photoelasticity presents the development of photoelasticity. This book discusses the principle of optical equivalence of stressed isotropic bodies. Organized into 29 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the progress in three-dimensional photoelasticity. This text then summarizes the approximate theoretical analysis by the strain-energy technique and derives the basic equations for the evaluation of P and Q by graphical integration. Other chapters consider the importance of stress concentrations in the domain of strength of materials, particularly where fatigue is present. This book discusses a well the various instructive fractures and indicates that the strength of bakelite is determined by the maximum tensile stresses as computed by advanced methods of stress analysis. The final chapter deals with the two fundamental problems in three-dimensional photoplasticity and explains the general stress-optic law under plastic flow without unloading. This book is a valuable resource for designers as well as mechanical and civil engineers.

  • Tables of IGY Monthly Median Ionospheric Data

    Annals of The International Geophysical Year, Vol. 17
    • 1st Edition
    • W. J. G. Beynon + 1 more
    • English
    Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Volume 17: Tables of IGY Monthly Median Ionospheric Data: Part IV is the fourth of six volumes of l.G.Y. data containing tables of monthly median values of ionospheric characteristics for the period July 1957-January 1959 inclusive. The data are extracted from booklets, bulletins and data summaries of many kinds which have been prepared at ionospheric observatories and sent to one of the Discipline V World Data Centers at Boulder, Moscow, Slough, and Tokyo. This volume is composed of 21 chapters representing the stations, which are arranged in alphabetical order. The tables for each station are preceded by some of the more important information relating to the station. This information is taken from the Ionospheric Stations Manual (U.S.R.I., 1958) that also contains hourly values of cos X and many other useful data. Both the U.R.S.I, three letter code and the C.S.A.G.I. number have been included in the tables to facilitate reference either to the Ionospheric Stations Manual or to Annals of the I.G.Y. Volume VII. This book will be of value to geophysicists, researchers, and workers in the allied fields.

  • Hewitt-Nachbin Spaces

    • 1st Edition
    • Maurice D. Weir
    • Leopoldo Nachbin
    • English
    North-Holland Mathematics Studies: Hewitt-Nachbin Spaces exposes the theory of Hewitt-Nachbin spaces, also called realcompact or Q-spaces, taking into account synergistic points of view from which these spaces are investigated. The publication first offers information on embedding in topological products and Hewitt-Nachbin spaces and convergence, including notation and terminology, embedding lemma, E-completely regular spaces, E-compact spaces, and characterizations and properties of Hewitt-Nachbin spaces. The text also touches on Hewitt-Nachbin spaces, uniformities, and related topological spaces, as well as Hewitt-Nachbin completeness and uniform spaces, review of uniform spaces, and almost realcompact and cb-spaces. The book takes a look at Hewitt-Nachbin completeness and continuous mappings. Discussions focus on classes of mappings, perfect mappings, WZ mappings, closed mappings and Hewitt-Nachbin spaces, and E-perfect mappings. The manuscript is a reliable reference for readers interested in Hewitt-Nachbin spaces.

  • University Physics

    Arfken Griffing Kelly Priest
    • 1st Edition
    • T. William Houk + 2 more
    • English
    University Physics: Arfken Griffing Kelly Priest covers the concepts upon which the quantitative nature of physics as a science depends; the types of quantities with which physics deals are defined as well as their nature; and the concepts of units and dimensions. The book describes the concepts of scalars and vectors; the rules for performing mathematical operations on vector quantities; the concepts of force, torque, center of gravity, and types of equilibrium. The text also describes the concepts and quantities required to describe motion; the linear kinematical relationships to describe motion; as well as the interrelationship between forces, which effect motion, and the motion itself. The concepts of mechanical work, kinetic energy and power; conservative and nonconservative forces; and the conservation of linear momentum are also considered. The book further tackles the concept of the center of mass; the rotational analogs of translational dynamics; and the mechanics of rotating systems. The text then demonstrates the motion of a rigid body; oscillatory motion, the mechanical properties of matter; and hydrodynamics. Thermodynamics, electricity, electromagnetism, and geometric and physical optics are also encompassed. Quantum and nuclear physics are also looked into. Students taking physics courses will find the book useful.

  • Tables of IGY Monthly Median Ionospheric Data

    Annals of The International Geophysical Year, Vol. 15
    • 1st Edition
    • W. J. G. Beynon + 1 more
    • English
    Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Volume 15: Tables of IGY Monthly Median Ionospheric Data, Part III is the third of five volumes of l.G.Y. data containing tables of monthly median values of ionospheric characteristics for the period July 1957-January 1959 inclusive. The data are extracted from booklets, bulletins and data summaries of many kinds which have been prepared at ionospheric observatories and sent to one of the Discipline V World Data Centers at Boulder, Moscow, Slough, and Tokyo. This volume is composed of 33 chapters representing the stations, which are arranged in alphabetical order. The tables for each station are preceded by some of the more important information relating to the station. This information is taken from the Ionospheric Stations Manual (U.S.R.I., 1958) that also contains hourly values of cos X and many other useful data. Both the U.R.S.I, three letter code and the C.S.A.G.I. number have been included in the tables to facilitate reference either to the Ionospheric Stations Manual or to Annals of the I.G.Y. Volume VII. This book will be of value to geophysicists, researchers, and workers in the allied fields.

  • The Physics of Ice

    • 1st Edition
    • E. R. Pounder
    • J. A. Jacobs + 1 more
    • English
    The Physics of Ice covers the state of knowledge regarding the structure, properties, occurrence, and movement of ice. This book is composed of eight chapters, and begins with an introduction and in the fundamental aspects of ice, including pure water freezing, circulation, occurrence, classification, and importance of ice. The subsequent chapters describe the properties, structure, freezing, and composition of sea ice and ice drift. These topics are followed by discussions on the crystallographic features, and mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of ice. The concluding chapter examines the factor influencing ice growth and decay. This book is directed toward physicists and researchers in ice-related fields.

  • Active Nitrogen

    Physical Chemistry: A Series of Monographs
    • 1st Edition
    • A. Nelson Wright + 1 more
    • Ernest M. Loebl
    • English
    Physical Chemistry, A Series of Monographs: Active Nitrogen presents the methods by which active nitrogen may be produced. This book is composed of five chapters that evaluate the energy content, molecular spectrum, and the emission of active nitrogen. Some of the topics covered in the book are the summary of light-emitting systems of active nitrogen; analysis of Long-Lived Lewis-Rayleigh Afterglow theory and Ionic theory of Mitra; reactions followed by induced light emission; and characteristics of homogeneous recombination. Other chapters deal with the analysis of metastable molecule theories and the mechanisms for reactions of active nitrogen involving direct N(4S) attack. The discussion then shifts to the rate constants for reactions induced by direct N(4S) attack. The evaluation of the Short-Lived Energetic Afterglow theory is presented. The final chapter is devoted to the examination of emission from molecular species with electronic energy levels below 9.76 eV. The book can provide useful information to physicists, students, and researchers.

  • Electron Optics

    • 2nd Edition
    • P. Grivet + 2 more
    • English
    Electron Optics, Second English Edition, Part I: Optics is a 10-chapter book that begins by elucidating the fundamental features and basic techniques of electron optics, as well as the distribution of potential and field in electrostatic lenses. This book then explains the field distribution in magnetic lenses; the optical properties of electrostatic and magnetic lenses; and the similarities and differences between glass optics and electron optics. Subsequent chapters focus on lens defects; some electrostatic lenses and triode guns; and magnetic lens models. The strong focusing lenses and prism optics are also described. This book will be useful to graduating students, as well as to beginners who sometimes feel lost in the abundant specialized literature.

  • Physical Chemical Techniques

    Physical Techniques in Biological Research
    • 2nd Edition
    • Dan H. Moore
    • English
    Physical Techniques in Biological Research, Volume II, Part A: Physical Chemical Techniques focuses on physical chemical techniques that have been most widely used in the study of molecules of biological significance. This book outlines the theoretical basis of the methods, describes the apparatus and manipulations used, and describes the applications of the techniques by examples. Organized into seven chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the basic property that makes the use of isotopes as tracers possible. This text then explains the predicted behavior during separations of chemically reacting systems by digital computer techniques. Other chapters consider the mutual diffusion in a binary system of components A and B. This book discusses as well the migration of charged particles or molecules in a liquid medium under the influence of an applied electric field. The final chapter deals with the basic units of electric potential differences. This book is a valuable resource for biological chemists.

  • Electrical Phenomena in the Heart

    • 1st Edition
    • Walmor C. De Mello
    • English
    Electrical Phenomena in the Heart is a collection of articles that deals with cell physiology and biophysics as applicable to the heart. The book discusses the ultrastructure of heart cells, molecular arrangement of heart cell membranes, and the mechanism involved in sealing and excitation-contracti... coupling. The selection describes electrophysiological studies made of embryonic heart cells to understand electrical activity, automaticity, enzyme activities, and the development of intracellular tubular systems. The text also discusses the mechanism of excitation spread between active and inactive cells. The book analyzes the structure of biological membranes and the effect of proteins on membrane potential and on the excitability process. One paper reviews the excitation process of heart cells that includes the use of a voltage clamp in cardiac preparations, as well as the role of the pacemaker. One paper examines the repolarization process involved in cardiac muscle involving the ionic composition and the kinetic properties of membrane currents, as well as the action of some drugs. The book also describes the healing process in cardiac and other muscle fibers when the heart muscle is injured. The text explains that damage to other cardiac muscle can result because of a sealing process that occurs at or near the injured site. The book also explains the model for controlling sarcoplasmic calcium concentration on a single sarcomere level in a mammalian heart. The text can prove significant to students learning heart physiology and biophysics, heart surgeons, and bio-physiologists involved in cellular research.

  • Physics of Thin Films

    Advances in Research and Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Georg Hass + 2 more
    • English
    Physics of Thin Films: Advances in Research and Development, Volume 7 is a collection of papers about film growth and structure, optical properties, and semiconducting films. The book covers topics such as diffraction theory; film support and filter fabrication; aging, usage, and cleaning of filters; and properties and applications of III-V compound films. It also discusses topics such as the preparation of use and unbacked metal filters; electromigration in thin films; and the built-up molecular films and their applications. The text is recommended for physicists and engineers involved in thin film physics, especially those who would like to know more about the progresses in the field.

  • General Biophysics

    Volume II
    • 1st Edition
    • M. V. Volkenstein
    • English
    General Biophysics, Volume II studies biological phenomena at the supramolecular and cellular levels of structure. The book considers biological phenomena on the basis of general physical principles. The text presents topics on bioenergetic processes; structure and properties of mitochondria; photo-biological processes; nonlinear dynamic processes; and physical interpretation of the most general problems of biology. Graduate and postgraduate students in the field of physical and life sciences will find this book very useful.

  • Surface Physics of Materials

    Materials Science and Technology
    • 1st Edition
    • J. M. Blakely
    • English
    Surface Physics of Materials presents accounts of the physical properties of solid surfaces. The book contains selected articles that deal with research emphasizing surface properties rather than experimental techniques in the field of surface physics. Topics discussed include transport of matter at surfaces; interaction of atoms and molecules with surfaces; chemical analysis of surfaces; and adhesion and friction. Research workers, teachers and graduate students in surface physics, and materials scientist will find the book highly useful.

  • Physics of Thin Films

    Advances in Research and Development
    • 1st Edition
    • Georg Hass + 2 more
    • English
    Physics of Thin Films: Advances in Research and Development, Volume 12 reviews advances that have been made in research and development concerning the physics of thin films. This volume covers a wide range of preparative approaches, physics phenomena, and applications related to thin films. This book is comprised of four chapters and begins with a discussion on metal coatings and protective layers for front surface mirrors used at various angles of incidence from the ultraviolet to the far infrared. Thin-film materials and deposition conditions suitable for minimizing reflectance changes with angle of incidence are described, along with novel oxide protective coatings with enhanced chemical stability and mechanical durability. The next chapter offers a comprehensive treatment of photoemissive materials. After giving a rather detailed review of the physics of photoemission, the main classes of thin-film photoemitters, including Ag-O-Cs, alkali antimonides, and negative-electron affinity photocathodes, are considered. A description of field-assisted cathodes potentially suitable for wavelengths beyond 1.1 micrometers, such as transferred-electron structures and field-emission arrays, is also given. The reader is then introduced to spray pyrolysis and the solution growth technique for chemical solution deposition of inorganic films. This text concludes with a chapter on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of thin films, paying particular attention to the experimental conditions required for a range of element and compound materials as well as some of the unusual film properties and structures achieved by this approach. This monograph will be useful to students and practitioners of physics, especially those interested in thin films.

  • Agricultural Physics

    The Commonwealth International Library: Physics Division
    • 1st Edition
    • C. W. Rose
    • W. Ashhurst + 1 more
    • English
    Agricultural Physics discusses agricultural problems, some aspects of the environment, and water relations of plants from a physical point of view. This book provides particular attention to clarifying fundamental concepts and processes, such as the concept of the total potential of water and its components, which is of basic importance in understanding water movement in soil, plant, or atmosphere. Subject matters covered in this text are limited to topics to which physics has made a significant contribution, for instance, the experimental aspects of crop water use. This text is divided into eight chapters. Chapters 1 to 3 focus solely on the physical environment of agriculture, providing a background of the literature on the micrometeorology of crops and single plants. Some physical aspects of soils are elaborated in Chapters 4 and 6, while attributes of crop water use are covered in Chapters 5, 7, and 8. This publication is a good source for agriculturists, physiologists, and researchers conducting work on aspects of soils and plant water relations.

  • Gas Lasers

    Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Vol. 3
    • 1st Edition
    • E. W. McDaniel + 1 more
    • English
    Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Volume 3: Gas Lasers describes the applications of atomic collision physics in the development of many types of gas lasers. Topics covered range from negative ion formation in gas lasers to high-pressure ion kinetics and relaxation of molecules exchanging vibrational energy. Ion-ion recombination in high-pressure plasmas is also discussed, along with electron-ion recombination in gas lasers and collision processes in chemical lasers. Comprised of 14 chapters, this volume begins with a historical summary of gas laser developments and an overview of the basic operating principles of major gas laser types. The discussion then turns to the mechanism of formation of negative ions in gas lasers; ion-ion recombination in high-pressure plasmas; electron-ion recombination in gas lasers; and collision processes in chemical lasers. Subsequent chapters focus on high-energy carbon dioxide laser amplifiers; spectroscopy and excited state chemistry of excimer lasers; rare-gas halide lasers; transient optical absorption in the ultraviolet; and pre-ionized self-sustained laser discharges. The final chapter considers the stability of excimer laser discharges. This book will be of interest to physicists and chemists.

  • Theory of Groups and Its Application to Physical Problems

    • 1st Edition
    • S. Bhagavantam + 1 more
    • English
    Theory of Groups and Its Application to Physical Problems is an introductory study of the theory of groups for persons with no easy access to an orthodox mathematical treatise on the subject. The aim is to provide an understanding of the method of applying group theory to various problems and appreciate the advantages thereof. It is hoped that this account of the theory of groups will serve a real need for physicists interested in the subject. The book opens with a discussion of the concept of groups. This is followed by separate chapters on the one-dimensional and two-dimensional lattices, some properties of groups, matrix groups, and the wave equation and its properties. Subsequent chapters deal with vibrations of a dynamical system, vibrational Raman effect and infrared absorption, molecular structure and normal modes, three-dimensional lattices, Raman and infrared spectra of crystals, crystal symmetry and physical properties, rotation groups, and applications to problems of atomic spectra.

  • Radiation and Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves

    • 1st Edition
    • George Tyras
    • Henry G. Booker + 1 more
    • English
    Radiation and Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves serves as a text in electrical engineering or electrophysics. The book discusses the electromagnetic theory; plane electromagnetic waves in homogenous isotropic and anisotropic media; and plane electromagnetic waves in inhomogenous stratified media. The text also describes the spectral representation of elementary electromagnetic sources; the field of a dipole in a stratified medium; and radiation in anisotropic plasma. The properties and the procedures of Green’s function method of solution, axial currents, as well as cylindrical boundaries are also considered. The book further tackles diffraction by cylindrical structures and apertures on cylindrical structures. Students taking electrical engineering or electrophysics will find the book useful.

  • Lunar and Planetary Surface Conditions

    Advances in Space Science and Technology, Vol. 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Nicholas A. Weil
    • Frederick I. Ordway
    • English
    Lunar and Planetary Surface Conditions considers the inferential knowledge concerning the surfaces of the Moon and the planetary companions in the Solar System. The information presented in this four-chapter book is based on remote observations and measurements from the vantage point of Earth and on the results obtained from accelerated space program of the United States and U.S.S.R. Chapter 1 presents the prevalent hypotheses on the origin and age of the Solar System, followed by a brief description of the methods and feasibility of information acquisition concerning lunar and planetary data, either from fixed terrestrial observatories or from instrumented or manned space probes. Chapter 2 reviews all conditions pertaining to the surface aspects of the closest celestial neighbor, the Moon. Sections in this chapter deal sequentially with the atmosphere, temperature conditions, subsurface stratification, field intensities (gravitational, electric, and magnetic), and lastly with the biological conditions existing on the lunar surface. This chapter also provides information on the density of the lunar atmosphere under quiescent or high-flux transient conditions, on the topography of the lunar surface, and on the probable proportion of crater-covered areas in the highlands and on the Maria. Chapter 3 is a detailed treatment of the surface conditions on the terrestrial planets, comprising Mercury, Venus, and Mars, while Chapter 4 deals with similar information relating to the so-called Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) and Pluto. This book will prove useful to lunar and planetary mission planners, both those concerned with the purely scientific aspects of surfaces and immediate subsurfaces, and those involved in the development of roving exploration vehicles.

  • Classical Theory of Electric and Magnetic Fields

    • 1st Edition
    • Roland H. Good + 1 more
    • English
    Classical Theory of Electric and Magnetic Fields is a textbook on the principles of electricity and magnetism. This book discusses mathematical techniques, calculations, with examples of physical reasoning, that are generally applied in theoretical physics. This text reviews the classical theory of electric and magnetic fields, Maxwell's Equations, Lorentz Force, and Faraday's Law of Induction. The book also focuses on electrostatics and the general methods for solving electrostatic problems concerning images, inversion, complex variable, or separation of variables. The text also explains magnetostatics and compares the calculation methods of electrostatics with those of magnetostatics. The book also discusses electromagnetic wave phenomena concerning wave equations with a source term and the Maxwell equations which are linear and homogenous. The book also explains Einstein's the Special Theory of Relativity which is applicable' only to inertial coordinate systems. The text also discusses the particle aspects of electromagnetic field equations such as those concerning wave equations for particles with spin. This textbook is intended for graduate or advanced students and academicians in the field of physics.

  • Dislocation Modelling of Physical Systems

    Proceedings of the International Conference, Gainesville, Florida, USA, June 22-27, 1980
    • 1st Edition
    • M.F. Ashby + 2 more
    • English
    Dislocation Modelling of Physical Systems contains the Proceedings of the International Conference held at Gainesville, Florida, USA on June 22-27, 1980. The book emphasizes the growing interest in relating dislocation theoretic concepts to engineering problems. Topic areas chosen ranged from the fundamental, such as properties of single dislocations, to the more applied, such as fracture. The papers are grouped specifically based on the main topics they discuss. These topics include fracture; point defects and dislocations; structure dependence of mechanical behavior; properties of single dislocations; plasticity and geometry of deformation; internal friction effects; and boundaries.

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