This book is about the engineering management of hazardous industries, such as oil and gas production, hydrocarbon refining, nuclear power and the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Its scope includes an overview of design standards and processes for high integrity systems,safety management processes as applied to hazardous industries and details best practices in design, operations, maintenance and regulation. Selected case studies are used to show how the complex multidisciplinary enterprises to design and operate hazardous plant can sometimes fail. This includes the subtlety and fragility of the robust safety culture that is required. It is aimed at professional engineers who design, build and operate these hazardous plants. This book is also written for business schools and university engineering departments where engineering management is studied.
The objectives of Human Reliability are to build reliability into the job, into the machine, and into the environment, and to let man perform naturally. In this book the author shows how these objectives can be achieved by concentrating on human reliability issues during the design stage. This is done by illustrating the relationships between various design features and some aspect of human performance, e.g. human errors.The book is designed as a practical guide to the daily performance of tasks in Human Reliability as well as a general reference and tutorial introduction to the field. It is therefore both practical and theoretical: the first four chapters focus on principles and ramifications relevant to human error prevention; the latter four are primarily concerned with human reliability analysis and prediction methodology. Throughout the book there are extensive references, numerous ready-to-use recommendations, formulas and mathematical models, and computer programs for human reliability work for analyzing, predicting and preventing human errors in a variety of situations. Though some of the material requires undergraduate training in engineering, the more difficult mathematical expositions can be omitted without loss of continuity, but are available for the reader who needs a more complete understanding of the relevant theory.
Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards is an assembly of all reported risks such as explosion, fire, toxic or high-energy events that result from chemical reactions gone astray, with extensive referencing to the primary literature. It is designed to improve safety in laboratories that perform chemical synthesis and general research, as well as chemical manufacturing plants. Entries are ordered by empirical formula and indexed under both name(s) and Chemical Abstracts Registry Numbers. This two-volume compendium focuses on reactivity risks of chemicals, alone and in combination; toxicity hazards are only included for unexpected reactions giving volatile poisons
Fatigue is a mechanism of failure which involves the formation and growth of cracks under the action of repeated stresses. Ultimately, a crack may propagate to such an extent that total fracture of the member may occur. To avoid fatigue it is essential to design the structure with inherent fatigue strength. However, fatigue strength for variable amplitude loading is not a constant material property and any calculations are necessarily built on a number of assumptions. Cumulative damage of welded joints explores the wealth of research in this important field and its implications for the design and manufacture of welded components.After an Introduction, chapter two introduces the constant amplitude database, which contains results obtained in test conditions and which forms the basis of the basic S-N curves for various types of joint. Chapter three discusses the influence of residual stresses which can have a marked effect on fatigue behaviour. Chapter four explores variable amplitude loading and the problem of how information from laboratory tests, obtained under constant amplitude conditions, can be applied to the design of structures for service conditions. This problem is further investigated in the next chapter which is devoted to two and three level load testing. Chapters six, seven and eight look at the influence that the variety of variable loading spectra can have on fatigue strength, whether narrow or wide band loading or cycles of small stress range. Taking all of this knowledge, chapter nine discusses structure designs.Cumulative damage of welded joints is a comprehensive source of invaluable information for welding engineers, supervisors, inspection personnel and designers. It will also be of great interest for academics working in the fields of structural and mechanical engineering.
This edition of Health and safety in welding and allied processes has been extensively revised to take into recent account advances in technology and legislative changes both in the UK and USA. Beginning with a description of the core safety requirements, it goes on to describe the special hazards found in the welding environment – noise, radiation, fume, gases and so on in terms of their effects and the strategies that can be adopted to avoid them.The book takes each major joining technology in turn and discusses the key hazards that are most relevant to each process. There are chapters covering: the common arc and gas welding processes; specialised welding processes; brazing, soldering and thermal spraying; welding and flame spraying of plastics; radiographic inspection; mechanical hazards; noise and vibration; radiation; compressed gases; fume and ventilation; fire and first aid; and welding in situations of increased hazard, such as those requiring special precautions to ensure safe working on vessels contaminated by flammable materials.The aim throughout the book is to explain the hazards clearly and concisely, describe how they arise, and suggest practical methods to achieve safe working.Health and safety in welding and allied processes is an essential resource for welders, their managers and all health and safety practitioners who have welding and related processes taking place in their workplaces.
CE Marking can be regarded as a product's trade passport for Europe. It is a mandatory European marking for certain product groups to indicate conformity with the essential health and safety requirements set out in the European Directive. The prime aim of the CE Directive is to ensure that "all industrial products that are placed on the market do not compromise the safety and health of users when properly installed, maintained and used in accordance with their intended purpose. Users and third parties should be provided with a high level of protection and the devices should attain the performance levels claimed by the manufacturer." This book explains the meaning of CE Marking, its history, how the Directive can affect all manufacturers of industrial products, its current status, its associated quality management requirements, and how manufacturers can easily and cost-effectively meet the requirements for CE Conformance.